In re Appeal of Feldman

Opinion by

Judge Blatt,

Robert M. Feldman (appellant) received two unsatisfactory ratings and was dismissed from his employment as a temporary professional employee after a hearing before the Board of School Directors of the Bose Tree Media School District (Board). He appealed his dismissal to the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County, which affirmed the Board’s adjudication; and he then appealed to this Court, which reversed and remanded without reaching the merits.¹ The Board then filed a petition for allowance of appeal in the Supreme Court, which was denied but later granted on reconsideration. That Court then remanded the case to us for consideration in light of its decision in Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission v. Feeser, 469 Pa. 173, 364 A.2d 1324 (1976), which was not available when this case was previously before us.

Two issues are presented: (1) whether or not the petitioner was denied due process when the attorney who prosecuted the case before the Board also served as the Board’s solicitor; and (2) whether or not the appellant’s unsatisfactory ratings were made by an administrator empowered to make such determinations under the Public School Code.

Our study of the Feeser case convinces us that the appellant was not denied due process. In Feeser, the Supreme Court clarified its opinion in Horn v. Township of Hilltown, 461 Pa. 745, 337 A.2d 858 (1975), which held that a procedure by which the same attorney represented both a zoning hearing board and a township opposing an application was susceptible to prejudice, and therefore improper:

In Horn the attorney involved was: (1) making objections to the evidence offered by his opponent, and then ruling on his own objections; (2) offering evidence to which his opponent objected and then ruling on the objection to his proffered evidence; and (3) advising the hearing panel concerning the law during the post-hearing process of deciding the merits of his opponent’s case.

469 Pa. at 186, 364 A.2d at 1331.

By contrast, in Feeser, the solicitor for the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission prosecuted the case against the Feesers and argued the merits of motions before the Commission, and the Court found no impropriety in “[t]he limited, purely adversary role of PHRC’s general counsel in [that] case. . . .” 469 Pa. at 185, 364 A.2d at 1330. In the case at hand, the attorney who prosecuted the case before the Board also served as its solicitor, but the record demonstrates that he acted in a purely adversary capacity and did not conduct the hearing, make legal rulings, or advise the Board during the course of the proceeding. See Smith v. Richland School District, 36 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 150, 387 A.2d 974 (1978).

The appellant alleges, however, that the attorney not only prosecuted the case but also prepared the Board’s adjudication. This, the appellant argues, constitutes an impermissible commingling of judicial and prosecutorial functions. The Board, on the other hand, contends that only after it had decided to dismiss the appellant, without consulting the attorney in any way, did it direct him to prepare an adjudication that would comply with the Local Agency Law.² We think that the applicable rule which governs here is found in State Dental Council and Examining Board v. Pollock, 457 Pa. 264, 318 A.2d 910 (1974), in which our Supreme Court rejected a challenge similar to the appellant’s:

As to appellant’s objection to the role of the Assistant Attorney G-eneral in drafting the Board’s order, we note that such assistance came after the Board had reached its decision and the assistant in no way participated in or influenced the decision. . . . While it would be a better practice to have a review of adjudications conducted by an individual who did not participate in the prosecutorial role, we can find no prejudice here where the Board reached its decision independent of and prior to any assistance from the representative of the Department of Justice.

457 Pa. at 272-73, 318 A.2d at 915.

We conclude therefore that it was not a denial of due process when the prosecuting attorney here, who had not participated in the actual decision-making process,³ drafted an adjudication for the Board that would comply with the applicable law.⁴

As to the propriety of the procedure whereby the appellant’s performance as a teacher was rated unsatisfactory, we note that the rating of public school teachers is regulated by Section 1123 of the Public School Code of 1949,⁵ 24 P.S. §11-1123, which provides in part as follows:

Bating shall be done by or under the supervision of the superintendent of schools or, if só directed by him, the same may be done by an assistant superintendent, a supervisor, or a principal, who has supervision over the work of the professional employe or temporary professional employe who is being rated. . . .

Here the appellant asserts that, although the unsatisfactory ratings which resulted in his dismissal were signed by a principal, the classroom observations on which those ratings were based were made by persons not within the above statutory description. He argues, therefore, that he was in fact rated by unauthorized persons. This issue was raised in Clark v. Colonial School District, 36 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 419, 387 A.2d 1027 (1978), and we there concluded that there was “nothing in the statute prohibiting a person named therein as one authorized to rate a teacher, to base his rating on the observations of other qualified observers.” 36 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 424, 387 A.2d at 1030 (emphasis in original). The qualified observers here included the Assistant Principal for Instruction, the Chairman of the Social Studies Department, and the Dean of the Eleventh Grade, as well as the Principal himself on at least one occasion. Moreover, the record indicates that the appellant’s performance was the subject of extensive discussion by the observers with the Principal who did the rating.

We affirm the order of the Court of Common Pleas.

Order

And Now, this 30th day of November, 1978, the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County in the above-eaptioned matter is hereby affirmed.

1 In Re: Appeal of Feldman, 21 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 451, 346 A.2d 895 (1975). We reversed and remanded for consideration in light of Horn v. Township of Hilltown, 461 Pa. 745, 337 A.2d 858 (1975), which we interpreted as mandating “that governmental bodies charged with decision making functions avoid the ‘appearance of possible prejudice.’ ” 21 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. at 453, 346 A.2d at 896. It now seems that the “appearance of possible prejudice” test is limited to the commingling of prosecutorial and judicial functions during the hearing or decision-making process.

2 Act of December 2, 1968, P.L. 1133, 53 P.S. §11301 et seq.

3 In Ms brief tbe appellant questions whether the solicitor participated in the decision-making process. However, in its “Answer to Appeal” in the Common Pleas Court, the Board, under the affidavit of its secretary, stated that the decision was made “without any consultation whatsoever with [the school district’s solicitor].” Moreover, the court below specifically found that the attorney did not participate in the decision reached by the Board.

4 We believe that this result is also consistent with Feeser, where the Supreme Court said, “We find no evidence in the record to support the contention that PHRC’s general counsel advised the hearing panel at the hearing or in the decisional process.” 469 Pa. at 180, 364 A.2d at 1327 (emphasis added).

5 Act of March 10, 1949, P.L. 30, as amended, 24 P.S. §1-101 et seq.