J.P. Lingelbach, Jr. v. Cummings Bridgeway, LLC (WCAB)

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John P. Lingelbach, Jr., :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 1092 C.D. 2021
: Argued: October 12, 2022
Cummings Bridgeway, LLC :
(Workers’ Compensation :
Appeal Board), :
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, President Judge
HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
HONORABLE LORI A. DUMAS, Judge
HONORABLE STACY WALLACE, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WALLACE FILED: January 4, 2023
John P. Lingelbach, Jr. (Claimant) petitions for review of the September 9,
2021 order of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board), which affirmed
the November 5, 2020 decision and order of the workers’ compensation judge (WCJ)
granting the Petition to Review Compensation Benefit Offset and the Petition to
Review Compensation Benefits (collectively, Review Petitions) of Cummings
Bridgeway, LLC (Employer). On appeal, Claimant argues the Board erred in
determining that Employer could recoup a non-fault overpayment from Claimant’s
future indemnity benefits. Upon review, we affirm.
I. Background
On September 25, 2013, Claimant injured his right knee while working for
Employer. WCJ’s Dec. and Order, 11/5/2020, Finding of Fact (F.F.) 1; Reproduced
Record (R.R.) at 17.1 Claimant initially received temporary total disability (TTD)
benefits at a rate of $683.24 per week. Id. In response to Employer’s Petition to
Modify Compensation Benefits, WCJ Ada Guyton issued a decision and order, dated
April 25, 2018, in which she reduced Claimant’s compensation rate from $683.24
per week for TTD to $392.06 per week for temporary partial disability (TPD),
effective April 15, 2016. F.F. 2; R.R. at 17.2
Between April 25, 2018 and March 23, 2020, Employer paid Claimant
$392.06 per week and Claimant’s counsel $74.42 per week. F.F. 4; R.R. at 17. By
doing so, Employer paid Claimant’s 20% attorney fee in addition to Claimant’s full
weekly TPD. Id. Employer, asserting it should have deducted the 20% attorney’s
fee from Claimant’s weekly TPD payment, reduced Claimant’s indemnity benefit
payments from $392.06 to $317.64 per week after March 23, 2020. F.F. 4, 5; R.R.
at 16, 17. During the time Employer paid Claimant $392.06 per week instead of
$317.64 per week, Employer overpaid Claimant a total of $7,962.94 (the
overpayment). F.F. 4; R.R. at 16.
On August 7, 2020, Employer filed Review Petitions requesting credit for the
overpayment. R.R. at 4-8. The WCJ held hearings on Employer’s Review Petitions,
at which Employer presented an indemnity payment ledger that showed the
1
In paginating the Reproduced Record, Claimant did not follow each page number with a
lowercase “a” as required by Pa.R.A.P. 2173.
2
The Board affirmed Judge Guyton’s order on June 19, 2019. R.R. at 29.
2
overpayment. F.F. 4; R.R. at 17. In response, Claimant testified that the
overpayment was not his fault and that he did not engage in any fraud. F.F. 5; R.R.
at 17. When asked if he agreed Employer should receive a credit for the
overpayment, Claimant “stated that he [(Claimant)] was a victim and did not want
to be a ‘participant.’” Id. Claimant further testified that after Employer reduced his
indemnity payments to $317.64 per week, he was not able to pay his bills and began
receiving notices of delinquency. F.F. 5; R.R. at 18. Despite these assertions,
Claimant could not recall the details of who he owed or when he began receiving
delinquency notices. Id. Claimant also testified that if Employer were permitted to
reduce his indemnity benefits by an additional $74.42 per week to recoup its
overpayment, he would be unable to pay his bills. Id.
The WCJ rejected Claimant’s testimony about the financial burden to which
he would be subjected if his weekly benefits were reduced by $74.42. F.F. 16; R.R.
at 18. In regard to Claimant’s testimony, the WCJ noted
during his testimony, the claimant refused to answer several questions
posed by counsel, simply responding that he was the victim of an
alleged fraud or scam, and that he did not want to participate.
Furthermore, the claimant could not recall any details regarding his
monthly bills, or the amount of money that he has left over each month
after paying his bills. Although the claimant testified that he alone
handles his finances, he could not recall the amount of his Workers’
Compensation weekly benefits, or the amount of his Social Security
Disability benefits. Although he testified that a decrease of his weekly
indemnity benefits of $74.42 per week would cause him an inability to
pay his bills, he could not provide any reason to support his allegation.
Id.
The WCJ found Employer had sustained its burden of proving that it overpaid
Claimant a total of $7,962.94. Id. The WCJ also found the overpayment was made
“in accordance with the Decision of [WCJ Guyton,]” and concluded, as a matter of
3
law, that Employer unjustly enriched Claimant through the overpayment. Certified
Record (C.R.), Item No. 7, at 5.3 Relying upon our decision in Kiebler v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Specialty Tire of America), 738 A.2d 510 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1999), the WCJ concluded that “an employer can recover overpayments
through future payments of a claimant’s benefits to prevent unjust enrichment or a
double recovery.” Id. Accordingly, the WCJ granted Employer’s Review Petitions
by order dated November 4, 2020. R.R. at 19. Rather than suspending Claimant’s
benefits until Employer recouped the overpayment, the WCJ ordered Employer to
reduce Claimant’s TPD payments by $74.42 per week until it recouped the
overpayment. Id.Claimant appealed the WCJ’s order to the Board. The Board, by opinion
dated September 9, 2021, determined the WCJ did not err in granting Employer’s
Review Petitions and affirmed the WCJ’s order. Claimant timely appealed the
Board’s decision to this Court.
II. Discussion
On appeal, Claimant first argues he is entitled to payment of his full TPD
award ($392.06 per week) because WCJ Guyton’s order was silent as to the payment
of attorney’s fees. Claimant next argues that Employer is not entitled to
reimbursement because there is no provision in the Workers’ Compensation Act
(Act)4 for reimbursement of overpayments. Claimant asserts County of Allegheny v.
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Parker), 177 A.3d 864 (Pa. 2018) (Parker
II), and Crocker v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Georgia Pacific LLC),
3
Claimant did not include page 5 of the WCJ’s decision in the Reproduced Record. Accordingly,
we cite to the Certified Record for that page.
4
Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§ 1-1041.4, 2501-2710.
4
225 A.3d 1201 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2020), prohibit the application of equitable principles,
like unjust enrichment, in workers’ compensation cases.5,6
In a workers’ compensation appeal, we are limited to determining whether the
necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, whether the Board
committed an error of law, or whether the Board’s decision violates a party’s
constitutional rights. See Elberson v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Elwyn, Inc.), 936
A.2d 1195, 1198 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007). “Substantial evidence is such relevant
evidence as a reasonable person might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”
Waldameer Park, Inc. v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Morrison), 819 A.2d 164, 168
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2003) (citation omitted). “The WCJ is the ultimate factfinder and has
exclusive province over questions of credibility and evidentiary weight.” Univ. of
Pa. v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Hicks), 16 A.3d 1225, 1229 n. 8 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2011) (citation omitted).
With regard to Claimant’s argument that he is entitled to payment of the full
TPD award ($392.06 per week) because WCJ Guyton’s order was silent as to the
payment of attorney’s fees, the Board determined there was no presumption that
Claimant was entitled to have Employer pay his attorney’s fees since Employer
prevailed on the underlying modification petition.7 The Board further determined
5
Claimant’s issues on appeal have been reframed for clarity.
6
Claimant repeatedly attempts in his brief to characterize this matter as an overpayment of
attorney’s fees. See generally Claimant’s Br. We reject that characterization. Employer paid
Claimant’s attorney $74.42 per week, and Claimant has not asserted that Employer should have
paid his attorney a different amount each week. Employer also paid Claimant $392.06 per week
as TPD benefits. Employer should have only paid Claimant $317.64 per week as TPD benefits.
Thus, Claimant received $74.42 each week of TPD benefits that Claimant was not entitled to
receive. Claimant’s attorney did not receive any amount he was not entitled to receive.
Accordingly, this matter does not involve an overpayment of attorney fees; it involves an
overpayment of benefits.
7
Where the injured worker prevails, a presumption exists that he is entitled to legal fees. Wood
v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Country Care Private Nursing), 915 A.2d 181 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007).
5
WCJ Guyton’s silence as to the payment of attorney’s fees “did not somehow nullify
Claimant’s responsibility for his attorney’s fees chargeable against the partial
disability benefits he was awarded.” 8 Bd. Op., 9/9/2021, at 5; R.R. at 33. Claimant
has not provided any authority for his argument that the Board erred in this regard.
See Claimant’s Br. at 8-9. It is not this Court’s duty to develop a party’s arguments.
See Com. v. Brown, 196 A.3d 130, 185 n.21 (Pa. 2018) (stating that appellate courts
are “neither obliged, nor even particularly equipped, to develop an argument for a
party. To do so places the Court in the conflicting roles of advocate and neutral
arbiter”). Accordingly, Claimant’s first argument fails.9
Claimant’s next argument is that Employer is not entitled to reimbursement
because reimbursement is not provided for in the Act and Parker II and Crocker
prohibit the application of equitable principles in workers’ compensation cases. The
Board rejected Claimant’s assertion that Parker II and Crocker prevent equitable
principles, like unjust enrichment, from being applied in all workers’ compensation
cases. R.R. at 33-34. The Board distinguished Parker II and Crocker on the grounds
that “[t]hose cases dealt with erroneously awarded litigation costs and unreasonable
contest counsel fees.” Id. The Board, relying upon Commonwealth v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Noll), 80 A.3d 525 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013), opined: (a) it
did not matter that Claimant was not at fault, (b) Employer unjustly enriched
Claimant, and (c) Employer is entitled to recoup the overpayment from Claimant’s
future benefits. R.R. at 32.
8
Attorney’s fees of 20% of a workers’ compensation award are considered per se reasonable.
Workmen’s Comp. Appeal Bd. v. Leuschen, 342 A.2d 810 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1975). Attorney’s fees
are chargeable against a claimant’s entire award for both present and future benefits. Quinn v.
Workmen’s Comp. Appeal Bd. (Gen. Mach. Prods. Co.), 353 A.2d 911 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1976).
9
We also note that our Court has rejected similar arguments. See Com. v. Workers’ Comp.
Appeal Bd. (Noll), 80 A.3d 525, 529-30 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013).
6
We begin our analysis by reviewing Kiebler. In Kiebler, the employer
overpaid the claimant by approximately $50 per week due to a mathematical error
in calculating the claimant’s average weekly wage. Kiebler, 738 A.2d at 511. In
considering the employer’s request to recoup its overpayment, our Court reviewed
its prior decision in this area, as follows:
As to the propriety of allowing an employer to recoup overpayments of
compensation paid to a claimant in error as the result of the employer’s
miscalculation, this Court approved such a recoupment in Fahringer,
McCarty & Grey, Inc. v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board
(Green), . . . 529 A.2d 56 ([Pa. Cmwlth.] 1987). In Fahringer, the
employer erroneously overpaid the claimant $18,320.07 as a result of
miscalculating his average weekly wage. We observed that prior case
law had recognized in limited circumstances the equitable principle of
unjust enrichment in workers’ compensation law, General v. E.
Roseman Co., . . . 343 A.2d 683 ([Pa. Cmwlth.] 1975), and concluded
that restitution was within the authority of the Board to order.
Therefore, because the claimant was not entitled to receive the
overpayment of compensation benefits, we allowed recoupment to the
employer directly from the claimant on the theory of unjust enrichment,
directing that the Board deduct a just but moderately reasonable amount
from the claimant’s future benefit checks. Accord, Fowler v.
Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board, . . . 393 A.2d 1300 ([Pa.
Cmwlth.] 1978) (WCJ has the authority, where a mathematical error
results in an overpayment to the claimant, to award the employer a
credit for the overpayment).
Id. at 514 (footnote omitted). Accordingly, our Court in Kiebler followed Fahringer
and permitted the employer to recoup its overpayment from Claimant’s future
benefit payments. Id.
In Noll, our Court again reviewed whether an employer could recoup an
overpayment of benefits from a claimant’s future benefit payments. Like Employer,
the employer in Noll paid the claimant his full benefit amount without deducting
20% for the claimant’s attorney fee “because of a misunderstanding of the WCJ’s
7
orders.” Noll, 80 A.3d at 528. Our Court in Noll determined that employer was
entitled to recoupment, as its overpayments were the result of a “mistaken belief that
those payments were necessary to discharge its duty under the WCJ’s orders.” Id.
at 532.
Noll is squarely aligned with this case. Claimant, however, asserts that Parker
II and Crocker require us to re-evaluate our holdings, in cases like Kiebler and Noll,
that apply the equitable principle of unjust enrichment in workers’ compensation
matters. In Parker II, the WCJ granted a claimant’s claim petition and ordered the
employer to pay $14,700 as unreasonable contest attorney fees under Section 440 of
the Act, added by the Act of February 8, 1972, P.L. 25, 77 P.S. § 996,10 to the
10
Section 440 of the Act provides as follows:
(a) In any contested case where the insurer has contested liability in whole or in
part, including contested cases involving petitions to terminate, reinstate, increase,
reduce or otherwise modify compensation awards, agreements or other payment
arrangements or to set aside final receipts, the employe or his dependent, as the case
may be, in whose favor the matter at issue has been finally determined in whole or
in part shall be awarded, in addition to the award for compensation, a reasonable
sum for costs incurred for attorney’s fee, witnesses, necessary medical
examination, and the value of unreimbursed lost time to attend the proceedings:
Provided, That cost for attorney fees may be excluded when a reasonable basis for
the contest has been established by the employer or the insurer.
(b) If counsel fees are awarded and assessed against the insurer or employer, then
the workers’ compensation judge must make a finding as to the amount and the
length of time for which such counsel fee is payable based upon the complexity of
the factual and legal issues involved, the skill required, the duration of the
proceedings and the time and effort required and actually expended. If the insurer
has paid or tendered payment of compensation and the controversy relates to the
amount of compensation due, costs for attorney’s fee shall be based only on the
difference between the final award of compensation and the compensation paid or
tendered by the insurer.
77 P.S. § 996(a), (b).
8
claimant’s counsel. The employer appealed the WCJ’s order and applied for
supersedeas,11 but the Board denied employer’s request for supersedeas. As a result,
the employer paid $14,700 to the claimant’s counsel while its appeal was pending.
The employer ultimately prevailed on appeal, and the employer filed a petition
seeking reimbursement from claimant’s counsel. In determining the employer was
not entitled to reimbursement, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held Section 440 of
the Act did not allow for disgorgement of an unreasonable contest attorney’s fees
award because the Act specifically addressed reimbursement of erroneously paid
compensation benefits yet did not address attorney’s fees. Parker II, 177 A.3d at
874-75.
In Crocker, the WCJ ordered employer to pay claimant’s litigation costs (that
did not include attorney’s fees) pursuant to Section 440 of the Act, 77 P.S. § 996,
because the claimant was the prevailing party. The employer applied for
supersedeas, which the Board denied. The employer ultimately prevailed on appeal
and then filed a review petition seeking disgorgement from the claimant on the
grounds that the claimant was not entitled to workers’ compensation benefits and
was, thus, awarded litigation costs in error. In determining that the employer was
not entitled to recoup litigation costs from the claimant, this Court noted that, “In
11
Section 443 of the Act, added by the Act of February 8, 1972, P.L. 25, 77 P.S. § 999, provides
a mechanism for employers to be reimbursed for workers’ compensation benefits which are
ultimately determined to have been awarded erroneously. Section 443, in relevant part, provides
as follows:
(a) If, in any case in which a supersedeas has been requested and denied . . .
payments of compensation are made as a result thereof and upon the final outcome
of the proceedings, it is determined that such compensation was not, in fact, payable
the insurer who has made such payments shall be reimbursed therefor.
77 P.S. §999(a).
9
Parker II, our Supreme Court expressly rejected the idea that ‘equitable principles .
. . should be read into the Act to prevent unjust enrichment,’ determining ‘that the
intricate statutory scheme enacted by the General Assembly precludes such a reading
of the Act.’” Crocker, 225 A.3d at 1210-11 (quoting Parker II, 177 A.3d at 874).
Accordingly, since Section 440 of the Act did not provide a mechanism for
employers to be reimbursed for litigation costs wrongly paid, our Court determined
that the employer was not entitled to reimbursement. Id.
Parker II and Crocker are distinguishable from this matter. Parker II and
Crocker both involved requests for recoupment of costs, i.e., claimant’s counsel fees
and litigation costs, respectively, that an employer paid while its appeal was pending
and after its request for supersedeas was denied. When the awards were ultimately
overturned on appeal, the employers sought reimbursement. Parker II and Crocker
dealt with disputes on whether the workers’ compensation benefit award was proper
in the first instance. Here, the propriety of the award is not in dispute. The issue is
simply a matter of overpayment. In other words, Sections 440 and 443 of the Act
are not implicated here whatsoever.
As outlined above, the Supreme Court explained in Parker II that the presence
of an “intricate statutory scheme” governing supersedeas precluded the addition of
extra-statutory equitable principles in the context of supersedeas reimbursements.
Parker II, 177 A.3d at 874. Specifically, in its concluding paragraph the Supreme
Court explained, “we hold that Section 440 of the Workers’ Compensation Act does
not allow disgorgement of an unreasonable contest attorney’s fee award that was
previously paid to a claimant’s counsel.” Id. at 875 (emphasis added). Unlike in the
context of supersedeas reimbursements, however, the Act does not address mistaken
overpayments of properly awarded workers’ compensation benefits. As a result, the
10
rationale the Supreme Court outlined in Parker II for restricting the application of
equitable principles in the context of supersedeas reimbursements does not apply to
this case.
Accordingly, we do not agree with Claimant’s assertion that Parker II and
Crocker should be applied outside the context of supersedeas reimbursements.
Instead, we follow the rationale set forth in our prior decisions, like Kiebler and Noll,
and conclude the Board did not err in determining that Employer can be reimbursed
for the overpayment from Claimant’s future indemnity benefits.
III. Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, we affirm the Board’s September 9, 2021
order.
______________________________
STACY WALLACE, Judge
Judge Fizzano Cannon did not participate in the decision of this case.
Judge Dumas concurs in result only.
11
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
John P. Lingelbach, Jr., :
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 1092 C.D. 2021
:
Cummings Bridgeway, LLC :
(Workers’ Compensation :
Appeal Board), :
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 4th day of January 2023, the September 9, 2021 order of the
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board is AFFIRMED.
______________________________
STACY WALLACE, Judge