L. Caslin v. PPB

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Leonard Caslin, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Pennsylvania Parole Board, : No. 452 C.D. 2023
Respondent : Submitted: March 8, 2024
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
PER CURIAM FILED: April 23, 2024
Leonard Caslin (Caslin) petitions this Court for review of the
Pennsylvania Parole Board’s (Board) order dated April 26, 2023, denying his request
for administrative relief. Caslin is represented in this matter by appointed counsel
Kent D. Watkins, Esquire (Counsel) who has filed an Application to Withdraw as
Counsel (Application) and submitted a no-merit letter pursuant to Commonwealth v.
Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988) (Turner Letter)1 in support thereof. After review,
this Court grants Counsel’s Application and affirms the Board’s order.
1
Through this type of letter, an attorney seeks to withdraw from
representation of a parole violator because “the [violator’s] case
lacks merit, even if it is not so anemic as to be deemed wholly
frivolous.” Com[monwealth] v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d 717, 722 (Pa.
Super. 2007).
Such letters are referred to by various names by courts of
this Commonwealth. See, e.g., Commonwealth v.
Porter, . . . 728 A.2d 890, 893 [] n.2 ([Pa.] 1999) (referring
to such a letter as a “‘no merit’ letter” and noting that such
a letter is also commonly referred to as a “Finley letter,”
referring to the Superior Court case Commonwealth v.
Finley, . . . 479 A.2d 568 ([Pa.] 1984)); Zerby v. Shanon,
964 A.2d 956, 960 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009) (“Turner [L]etter”);
Caslin is currently incarcerated at the State Correctional Institution
(SCI) at Mahanoy.2 By March 8, 2015 order, the Board paroled Caslin from his 12
year, 6 month to 25 year sentence (Original Sentence), at which time Caslin’s
Original Sentence maximum release date was January 29, 2027. Caslin
subsequently returned to prison after the Board declared him delinquent on April 27,
2016, and recommitted him as a technical parole violator.
Relevant to the instant matter, by July 6, 2018 order, the Board again
paroled Caslin from his Original Sentence, at which time his maximum sentence
release date was December 16, 2027. The Board released him on August 7, 2018.
See Certified Record (C.R.) at 21-22. On January 15, 2022, the Bensalem Township,
Bucks County, Police Department arrested Caslin for fleeing or attempting to elude
a police officer, possession of marijuana, use of drug paraphernalia, and trespass by
motor vehicle (Bensalem Charges). That same date, the Board issued a warrant to
commit and detain Caslin. See C.R. at 42-43, 48. Caslin also had an active warrant
from Robbinsville Township, New Jersey, and had charges forthcoming from
Lawrenceville, New Jersey (New Jersey Charges). Caslin posted bail in Bucks
County on January 24, 2022. On July 11, 2022, Caslin pled guilty to one count of
fleeing or attempting to elude a police officer, and the Bucks County Common Pleas
Court sentenced Caslin to 4 to 12 months of incarceration and 12 months of
probation consecutive to the incarceration. See C.R. at 48-51.
On October 20, 2022, the Board issued a Notice of Charges and Hearing
scheduling Caslin’s parole revocation hearing for November 18, 2022. That same
Commonwealth v. Blackwell, 936 A.2d 497, 499 (Pa.
Super. [] 2007) (“Turner/Finley letter”).
Hughes v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 977 A.2d 19, 25 n.2 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2009).
Anderson v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 237 A.3d 1203, 1204 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2020).
2
See http://inmatelocator.cor.pa.gov (last visited Mar. 22, 2024).
2
day, Caslin waived his rights to a panel hearing and representation of counsel. See
C.R. at 56-58. He also admitted to the conviction for fleeing or attempting to elude
a police officer. See C.R. at 59. By decision recorded on November 18, 2022, and
mailed on November 23, 2022 (November 2022 Board Decision), the Board ordered
Caslin to serve six months of incarceration at an SCI as a convicted parole violator
(CPV). See C.R. at 89. The Board awarded Caslin credit for his time at liberty on
parole. See id. The Board recalculated Caslin’s maximum sentence release date as
December 25, 2027.
Caslin, pro se, filed an administrative remedies form dated December
14, 2022, which the Board received on December 28, 2022, challenging the
November 2022 Board Decision, and asserting that the Board did not correctly apply
his incarceration time and did not properly recalculate his sentence. On April 21,
2023, the Board modified its November 2022 Board Decision to detain Caslin
pending disposition of the New Jersey charges. See C.R. at 99. By April 26, 2023
letter, the Board affirmed the November 2022 Board Decision. See C.R. at 97-98.
Caslin, through Counsel, timely appealed to this Court.3
On July 31, 2023, Counsel filed the Application and Turner Letter. By
August 2, 2023 Order, this Court informed Caslin that he may, within 30 days after
service of the Order on him by Counsel, either obtain substitute counsel at his own
expense and have new counsel enter an appearance and file a brief in support of the
Petition for Review, or file a brief on his own behalf.4 On August 15, 2023, Caslin
filed a pro se brief with this Court. Also on August 15, 2023, the Board filed an
3
This Court’s “review of the Board’s decision denying administrative relief is limited to
determining whether necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, an error of
law was committed, or constitutional rights have been violated.” Fisher v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. &
Parole, 62 A.3d 1073, 1075 n.1 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013).
4
Counsel also notified Caslin regarding the same in his Turner Letter. On August 2, 2023,
Counsel served the Order on Caslin.
3
Application to Stay Briefing until this Court decides Counsel’s Application, which
this Court granted on August 17, 2023.
Initially,
“[a] [no-merit] letter must include an explanation of ‘the
nature and extent of counsel’s review and list each issue
the petitioner wished to have raised, with counsel’s
explanation of why those issues are meritless.’” Seilhamer
[v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole], 996 A.2d [40,] 43 [(Pa.
Cmwlth. 2010)] (quoting Turner, 544 A.2d at 928) (some
alterations omitted). As long as a [no-merit] letter satisfies
these basic requirements, [this Court] may then review the
soundness of a petitioner’s request for relief. However, if
the [no-merit] letter fails on technical grounds, [this Court]
must deny the request for leave to withdraw, without
delving into the substance of the underlying petition for
review, and may direct counsel to file either an amended
request for leave to withdraw or a brief on behalf of [his]
client.
Anderson v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 237 A.3d 1203, 1207 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2020)
(citation omitted). “[C]ounsel must fully comply with the procedures outlined in
Turner to ensure that each of the petitioner’s claims has been considered and that
counsel has [] substantive reason[s] for concluding that those claims are meritless.”
Hont v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 680 A.2d 47, 48 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996). Counsel
is also required to “notify the parolee of his request to withdraw, furnish the parolee
with [] a copy of . . . [the] no-merit letter satisfying the requirements of Turner, and
inform the parolee of his right to retain new counsel or submit a brief on his own
behalf.” Reavis v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 909 A.2d 28, 33 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2006).
This Court must then “conduct its own independent review of the petition to
withdraw and must concur in counsel’s assessment before [it] may grant counsel
leave to withdraw.” Hont, 680 A.2d at 48.
In reviewing Counsel’s Turner Letter herein, this Court notes that it
contains the procedural history of Caslin’s case, as well as Counsel’s review of the
4
record and relevant statutes and case law. Counsel served Caslin with a copy of the
Turner Letter and his Application, and notified Caslin that he may either obtain
substitute counsel or file a brief on his own behalf. Counsel represents therein that
Caslin’s chief challenge is that the Board failed to give him credit for all time served.
Counsel provides sufficient reasons why Caslin’s issues are without merit.
Accordingly, this Court concludes that Counsel complied with Turner’s technical
requirements for withdrawing from representation.
Caslin argues that the Board failed to give him credit for all time served
exclusively on its warrant or while incarcerated on his parole sentence. This Court
recognizes that Section 6138(a)(4) of the Prisons and Parole Code (Parole Code)
provides: “The period of time for which the parole violator is required to serve shall
be computed from and begin on the date that the parole violator is taken into custody
to be returned to the institution as a parole violator[,]” 61 Pa.C.S. § 6138(a)(4), and
“[CPVs] must serve the backtime on their original state sentence before they can
begin to serve time on their newly-imposed state sentence under Section 6138(a) of
the [Parole] Code.” Wilson v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 124 A.3d 767, 769 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2015).
However, “[t]he general rule governing the allocation of credit for time
served awaiting disposition of new criminal charge[s] was established by our
Supreme Court in Gaito v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation [&] Parole, . . . 412
A.2d 568 ([Pa.] 1980).”5 Armbruster v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 919 A.2d 348,
5
The Parole Code was consolidated and became effective on October 13, 2009. Gaito was
based upon Section 21.1 of what was commonly known as the Parole Act, Act of August 6, 1941,
P.L. 861, as amended, added by Section 5 of the Act of August 24, 1951, P.L. 1401, formerly 61
P.S. § 331.21a(a), repealed by the Act of August 11, 2009, P.L. 147. Section 21.1(a) of the Parole
Act similarly stated:
Any parolee under the jurisdiction of the [Board] released from any
penal institution of the Commonwealth who, during the period of
5
352 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007). Pursuant to Gaito, “this Court consistently [has] held that
once a parolee is sentenced on a new criminal offense, the period of time between
arrest and sentencing, when bail is not satisfied [on the new criminal charge], must
be applied toward the new sentence, and not to the original sentence.”6 Armbruster,
919 A.2d at 352. “Gaito remains the general law in this Commonwealth respecting
how credit should be allocated for a [CPV] who receives a new sentence of
incarceration[.]” Smith v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 171 A.3d 759, 768 (Pa. 2017).
Accordingly, the Board does not have flexibility to determine the sentence to which
credit should be applied.
Section 6138(a)(5) of the Parole Code provides:
If a new sentence is imposed on the offender, the service
of the balance of the term originally imposed by a
Pennsylvania court shall precede the commencement of
the new term imposed in the following cases:
(i) If a person is paroled from a[n SCI] and the new
sentence imposed on the person is to be served in
the [SCI].
(ii) If a person is paroled from a county prison and
the new sentence imposed upon him is to be served
in the same county prison.
parole or while delinquent on parole, commits any crime punishable
by imprisonment, for which . . . he pleads guilty . . . in a court of
record, may, at the discretion of the [B]oard, be recommitted as a
parole violator. If his recommitment is so ordered, he shall be
reentered to serve the remainder of the term which said parolee
would have been compelled to serve had he not been paroled, and
he shall be given no credit for the time at liberty on parole . . . .
Former 61 P.S. § 331.21a(a) (repealed).
6
If the parolee met bail requirements for the new charges and was thus detained solely on
the Board’s detainer, time in custody is to be credited against the original sentence. See Smith v.
Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 133 A.3d 820 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016) (Smith I), rev’d on other grounds,
171 A.3d 759 (Pa. 2017) (Smith II); see also Gaito.
6
(iii) In all other cases, the service of the new term
for the latter crime shall precede commencement
of the balance of the term originally imposed.
61 Pa.C.S. § 6138(a)(5).
In its April 26, 2023 response to Caslin’s pro se administrative remedies
form affirming the November 2022 Board Decision, the Board explained:
The Board re-paroled Caslin from [an SCI] on August 7,
2018[,] with a maximum date on his [O]riginal [S]entence
of December 16, 2027. [See C.R. at 22.] Though he was
released to a state detainer sentence and thereafter released
to supervision, the [Original S]entence . . . controls[,] as
he owed 3[,]418 days [on] the date Caslin was re-paroled
[(August 7, 2018 to December 16, 2027)]. The Board in
its discretion awarded Caslin credit for the time spent at
liberty on parole based on his recommitment as a . . .
[CPV]. [See Section 6138(a)(2.1) of the Parole Code,] 61
Pa.C.S. § 6138(a)(2.1). This means that the Board applied
credit toward [Caslin’s] [O]riginal [S]entence for 1[,]257
days from August 7, 2018 (release date) to January 15,
2022 (Bucks County arrest and Department of
Corrections’ . . . warrant). This means that Caslin was left
with 3[,]418-1[,]257=2[,]161 days remaining on his
[O]riginal [S]entence based on the recommitment.
Considering that Caslin posted bail in Bucks County on
January 24, 2022, the Board applied pre-sentence credit
toward his [O]riginal [S]entence from that date to July 11,
2022, a period of 168 days that he was held solely on []
the [Department]’s warrant. Gaito . . . . Thus, Caslin was
left with 2[,]161-168 = 1[,]993 days to serve on his
[O]riginal [S]entence. Because he was sentenced to
county incarceration, the [] Parole Code provides that he
must serve the new sentence first. [See] 61 Pa.C.S. §
6138(a)(5). Absent a paroling order or response from
Bucks County when such an order was requested, this
means that Caslin was determined available to commence
service of his [O]riginal [S]sentence on July 11, 2022[,]
when he was released from Bucks County prison back into
SCI custody following sentencing. Thus, adding 1[,]993
days to July 11, 2022[,] yields a recalculated maximum
[sentence release] date of December 25, 2027.
7
C.R. at 97-98. This Court discerns no error in the Board’s calculations.
As reflected in the Board’s Order to Recommit, mailed on November
23, 2022, the Board awarded credit of 1,257 days for the time Caslin was at liberty
on parole from August 7, 2018 to January 15, 2022, when he was arrested on the
Bensalem Charges. See C.R. at 92. Caslin also received a 168-day backtime credit
from January 24, 2022 to July 11, 2022. See id. The backtime owed was 1,993 days.
See id. Caslin was in custody for return on July 11, 2022, and the recomputed
maximum sentence release date was December 25, 2027. See id. The November
2022 Board Decision recommitted Caslin for six months of backtime for the
Bensalem Charge of fleeing or attempting to elude an officer. See C.R. at 89-90.
Because this Court agrees that Caslin’s claim has no merit, Counsel’s
Application is granted, and the Board’s order is affirmed.
8
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Leonard Caslin, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Pennsylvania Parole Board, : No. 452 C.D. 2023
Respondent :
PER CURIAM
ORDER
AND NOW, this 23rd day of April, 2024, Kent D. Watkins, Esquire’s
Application to Withdraw as Counsel is GRANTED, and the Pennsylvania Parole
Board’s April 26, 2023 order is AFFIRMED.