Com. v. Ellis, S.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SYLVESTER ELLIS, :
:
Appellant : No. 1333 EDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 4, 2020,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0005082-2018.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SYLVESTER ELLIS, :
:
Appellant : No. 1334 EDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 4, 2020,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0005083-2018.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SYLVESTER ELLIS, :
:
Appellant : No. 1335 EDA 2020
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Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 4, 2020,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0004982-2019.
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., KUNSELMAN, J., and NICHOLS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: Filed: May 20, 2021
Sylvester Ellis appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed after a
bench trial where the court found him guilty of retaliation against a witness,
terroristic threats, harassment, and stalking.1 Upon review, we affirm.
This matter arises from the following facts. Rita Hill, the Complainant,
was in a relationship with Ellis. On October 9, 2016, Ellis got into a physical
altercation with an acquaintance of Ms. Hill, Phineas Jordan, and shot him.
Ellis was arrested and charged with aggravated assault and other related
offenses.
Ms. Hill was subpoenaed to testify as a witness at Ellis’ trial. While
awaiting trial in prison, Ellis communicated with Ms. Hill by phone and letter.
According to Ellis, Ms. Hill told him that she would come to court and tell the
truth about the altercation. Ellis’ trial took place in April 2018, but Ms. Hill
never appeared to testify; Ellis was convicted of several offenses.
Shortly after that trial, Ellis sent Ms. Hill two letters from jail threatening
to assault and kill Ms. Hill and her family. When Ms. Hill received the letters,
she became "afraid" and reported it to the police. Ellis was charged with one
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1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4953(a), 2706(a)(1), 2709(a)(1), and 2709.1(a).
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count each of retaliation against a witness, terroristic threats, harassment,
and stalking at two separate dockets.
At the preliminary hearing on these charges, when Ms. Hill read Ellis’
letters to the court, Ellis yelled out that she was lying and that he was going
to kill her and her family. Sheriffs immediately removed Ellis from the
courtroom, but he continued yelling threats and obscenities at Ms. Hill. As a
result of this conduct, Ellis was charged again with retaliation against a
witness, terroristic threats, and harassment at a third docket.
On January 22, 2020, the court held a bench trial on all three of Ellis’
cases. Ellis testified that he wrote the two letters because he was upset that
Ms. Hill did not appear to testify at his aggravated assault trial. According to
Ellis, Ms. Hill contacted him before that trial and promised she would testify
and tell the "truth," which according to Ellis was that he intervened on Ms.
Hill's behalf when Jordan assaulted her. Ellis further testified that he did not
intend to threaten Ms. Hill in his first letter, but that he did intend to threaten
her in his second letter. Ellis also admitted that, at his preliminary hearing,
he threatened to kill Ms. Hill and her family because he was still angry over
the outcome of his aggravated assault trial; he suspected Ms. Hill colluded
with Mr. Jordan to conceal the truth and felt betrayed by her. Ellis blamed
Ms. Hill for "not telling [him] the truth," and wanted her and her family "to
feel what [he] felt and [his] grandkids who are still scattered." N.T., 1/22/20,
at 106-107.
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The trial court found Ellis guilty of one count of retaliation against a
witness, three counts of terroristic threats, three counts of harassment, and
one count of stalking. On February 4, 2020, the trial court sentenced Ellis to
three terms of one (1) to two (2) years' incarceration, for the retaliation
against a witness and terroristic threats convictions, to run concurrent to each
other and to the sentence imposed in his aggravated assault case. Ellis filed
a post-sentence motion, which was denied by operation of law.
Ellis then filed this timely appeal. The trial court and Ellis complied with
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925.
Ellis raises the following three issues on appeal:
1. Is the evidence sufficient to convict [Ellis] of retaliation against
a witness?
2. Is the evidence sufficient to convict [Ellis] of terroristic threats?
3. Is the verdict of guilty with respect to the charges of retaliation
against a witness and terroristic threats against the weight of
the evidence and so contrary to the evidence that it shocks
one’s sense of justice under the circumstances of this case?
Ellis’ Brief at 7.
In his first two issues, Ellis claims that there was insufficient evidence
to sustain his convictions for retaliation against a witness and terroristic
threats. When analyzing whether the evidence was sufficient to support a
conviction, this Court must “view the evidence in the light most favorable to
the Commonwealth as the verdict winner in order to determine whether the
jury could have found every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.”
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Commonwealth v. Thomas, 215 A.3d 36, 40 (Pa. 2019). “The evidence
established at trial need not preclude every possibility of innocence and the
fact-finder is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented.”
Commonwealth v. Brown, 52 A.3d 320, 323 (Pa. Super. 2012). “Any
doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless
the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability
of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances.” Commonwealth
v. Vargas, 108 A.3d 858, 867 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc). Additionally, this
Court cannot “re-weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of
the fact-finder.” Id. A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence presents
a pure question of law and, as such, our standard of review is de novo and
our scope of review is plenary. Commonwealth v. Jacoby, 170 A.3d 1065,
1076 (Pa. 2017).
We first consider Ellis’ claim that the evidence was insufficient to sustain
his conviction for retaliation against a witness. The trial court based this
conviction on Ellis’s outburst during the preliminary hearing and the preceding
threats he made toward Ms. Hill. Specifically, Ellis claims that the evidence
was insufficient to establish that his threats and/or comments harmed Hill. He
further claims that the evidence was insufficient to show that he repeatedly
threatened Ms. Hill. Ellis maintains that his outburst at the preliminary hearing
was merely transitory and not part of a repeated course of conduct. Ellis’ Brief
at 19, 24.
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To convict Ellis of retaliation against a witness, the Commonwealth had
to establish that he "harm[ed] another by any unlawful act or engage[d] in a
course of conduct or repeatedly commit[ted] acts which threaten[ed] another
in retaliation for anything lawfully done in the capacity of witness, victim, or
a party in a civil matter." 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4953 (emphasis added). As the trial
court observed, this statute sets forth three alternative ways for the
Commonwealth to establish this offense. The Pennsylvania courts have
interpreted Section 4953 to allow for a conviction for retaliation if the
Commonwealth proves the defendant engaged in any one of the following
situations for a retaliatory purpose: the defendant 1) “harmed another by any
unlawful act;” 2) “engag[ed] in a course of conduct which threatened
another;” or 3) “repeatedly committed acts which threaten another.”
Commonwealth v. Ostrosky, 909 A.2d 1224, 1228 (Pa. 2006). Given the
statute’s language, the Commonwealth need not show harm when the
threatening conduct is recurrent or presents a pattern.
The trial court summarized the evidence presented in this case to
establish retaliation against a witness as follows:
Ms. Hill was subpoenaed as a witness to testify at [Ellis’
aggravated assault] trial in April 2018. [Ellis] expected Ms. Hill to
appear and testify in his favor. After Ms. Hill failed to appear and
testify, [Ellis] sent Ms. Hill two letters threatening to kill her and
her family. At his preliminary hearing, [Ellis] again threatened to
kill/harm Ms. Hill because he remained angry over his
imprisonment and the purported betrayal of Ms. Hill, whom [Ellis]
suspected of colluding with Mr. Jordan to conceal the truth about
his altercation with Mr. Jordan. [Ellis] blamed Ms. Hill for "not
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telling [him] the truth," and he wanted Ms. Hill and her family "to
feel what [he] felt[.]"
Trial Court Opinion, 10/8/20, at 7 (citations omitted). As the trial court found,
this evidence showed that Ellis repeatedly threatened to harm Ms. Hill in
retaliation for her refusal to testify favorably at his trial in April 2018, and
therefore a showing of harm was not required, contrary to Ellis’ argument.
Id. We agree. Ellis’ first issue fails.
We next consider Ellis’ claim that the evidence was insufficient to sustain
his convictions for terroristic threats. Again, the trial court based these
convictions on the two letters Ellis sent Ms. Hill from jail and his outburst
during the preliminary hearing. Specifically, Ellis claims that the evidence did
not establish that he intended to terrorize Ms. Hill. Ellis’ Brief at 30. Instead,
in sending the letters to Ms. Hill, Ellis only desired to express to her his utter
devastation and hopelessness after his conviction. Id. at 32. Furthermore,
his outburst in the courtroom was merely a spur-of-the-moment threat made
out anger and was directed at Mr. Jordan, not Ms. Hill.
To convict Ellis of terroristic threats, the Commonwealth had to establish
that he made: (1) a threat to commit a crime of violence; and (2) that the
threat was communicated with the intent to terrorize. 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
2706(a)(1); Commowealth v. Walls, 144 A.3d 926, 936 (Pa. Super. 2016).
Importantly, we note that “[t]he purpose of [section 2706] is to impose
criminal liability on persons who make threats which seriously impair personal
security or public convenience. It is not intended by this section to penalize
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mere spur-of-the-moment threats which result from anger.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
2706 cmt.; Walls, supra.
The trial court summarized the evidence presented in this case to
establish terroristic threats:
[Ellis] sent two letters to Ms. Hill threatening to kill her, and he
orally threatened to kill Ms. Hill at the preliminary hearing. The
language [Ellis] employed could not have been clearer: e.g., "I'm
never going to rest until you and your family [die;]" "I will give
my trucks away in order to have you killed[;]" and "I swear on my
mother, son, daughter and grandchildren if I ever get out of jail
alive I am going[] spend my life looking for you and your family
because I am going to kill you."
Trial Court Opinion, 10/8/20, 9-10 (citations omitted). Additionally, the
language in the letters and statements made at the preliminary hearing clearly
threatened violence and evinced Ellis’ intent to make her feel fearful. He wrote
that she should always be watching over her shoulder. He admitted at trial
that he wanted her to feel how he felt, “as if [his]life was over.” Moreover,
because Ellis repeatedly made threats of violence toward Ms. Hill, they were
not merely transitory as Ellis’ claimed. As the court found, Ellis’ own testimony
and written words firmly established that he threatened to commit a crime of
violence and did so with the intent to terrorize Ms. Hill. Id. at 8.
Based upon our review of the record and viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, we conclude
that the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to sustain Ellis’
convictions for retaliation against a witness and terroristic threats.
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In his third issue, Ellis claims that the verdicts for retaliation against a
witness and terroristic threats were against the weight of the evidence so as
to shock one’s sense of justice. Ellis Brief at 36.
When reviewing a challenge to the weight of the evidence, our standard
of review is as follows:
The essence of appellate review for a weight claim appears to lie
in ensuring that the trial court's decision has record support.
Where the record adequately supports the trial court, the
trial court has acted within the limits of its discretion.
***
A motion for a new trial based on a claim that the verdict is against
the weight of the evidence is addressed to the discretion of the
trial court. A new trial should not be granted because of a mere
conflict in the testimony or because the judge on the same facts
would have arrived at a different conclusion. Rather, the role of
the trial judge is to determine that notwithstanding all the facts,
certain facts are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them
or to give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice.
***
An appellate court's standard of review when presented with a
weight of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard of review
applied by the trial court. Appellate review of a weight claim
is a review of the exercise of discretion, not of the
underlying question of whether the verdict is against the
weight of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1054–55 (Pa. 2013) (citations
omitted) (emphasis added). Absent an abuse of discretion, the trial court’s
decision will not be disturbed. See Commonwealth v. Griffin, 515 A.2d
865, 869 (Pa. 1986). An abuse of discretion “is not merely an error in
judgment. Rather, it involves bias, partiality, prejudice, ill-will, manifest
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unreasonableness or a misapplication of the law.” Commonwealth v. West,
937 A.2d 516, 521 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citation omitted). By contrast, a proper
exercise of discretion “conforms to the law and is based on the facts of record.”
Id.Initially, we observe that, a weight claim is filed typically after a jury
trial in the hope that the trial court judge who, like the jury, had an opportunity
to hear the evidence and observe the demeanor of the witnesses, “will
conclude that the verdict was so contrary to what it heard and observed that
it will deem the jury's verdict such a miscarriage of justice and trigger the
court's time-honored and inherent power to take corrective action.” Criswell
v. King, 834 A.2d 505, 512 (Pa. 2003). Here, however, a non-jury trial was
held. Although weight of the evidence claims have been addressed in non-
jury cases, there is a logical inconsistency in asking a trial judge to conclude
that his non-jury decision shocked his own conscience. Notwithstanding this,
we consider whether the trial court's decision was against the weight of the
evidence.
We note that Ellis does not specify how the trial court abused its
discretion. Instead, he merely argues evidence favorable to him and,
essentially, asks this Court to reweigh the evidence. Based upon our standard
of review for weight claims, we cannot do so. Clay, supra. Nonetheless,
after a review of the record and the trial court's rationale for denying Ellis’
weight claim, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion.
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Not surprisingly, the trial court concluded that its non-jury verdict was
not against the weight of the evidence. In reaching its decision, the trial court
re-examined the evidence presented to support Ellis’ convictions. The court
found that “the same evidence defeating [Ellis’] sufficiency challenge defeats
his identical weight challenge.” Trial Court Opinion, 10/8/20, at 8.
Considering Ellis’ conduct under the totality of the circumstances and the
evidence presented, the trial court logically found and concluded that the
verdicts for retaliation and terroristic threats were not against the weight of
the evidence. Ellis has not convinced us that an abuse of discretion occurred;
his third issue also fails.
Judgement of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/20/21
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