Com. v. Byrd, J.

J-A11015-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOHN BYRD :
:
Appellant : No. 1642 EDA 2021
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 2, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0419813-1990
BEFORE: BOWES, J., STABILE, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED MAY 4, 2022
John Byrd appeals pro se from the order that dismissed as untimely his
serial petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). We
affirm.
This case stems from an 1989 altercation between Appellant and Van
Hall, on the one hand, and Leroy Powell and his uncle Curtis Tucker on the
other. The dispute, which took place in public in front of a group of people
including Vincent Lewis, concluded with Appellant and Hall shooting and killing
Mr. Powell. Appellant was arrested weeks later, found with a bulletproof vest
and a firearm of the same caliber of the weapon used to kill Mr. Powell. At a
joint trial with co-defendants Hall and Lewis, Appellant was convicted of first-
degree murder and other crimes and was sentenced to life imprisonment
without the possibility of parole in 1992. He filed no direct appeal. Appellant’s
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initial, timely PCRA petition was denied by the PCRA court, and this Court
affirmed in a nunc pro tunc appeal permitted as a result of Appellant’s second
PCRA petition. See Commonwealth v. Byrd, 2395 EDA 1999 (Pa.Super.
July 7, 2000) (unpublished memorandum). Subsequent PCRA filings yielded
no relief.
Appellant filed the PCRA petition at issue in the instant appeal in April
2018, purported to amend it in August 2018, and requested leave to further
supplement it in May 2019. For reasons not apparent from the certified
record, no action was taken on any of Appellant’s pending filings until April
12, 2021, when the PCRA court issued Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to
dismiss the petition without a hearing as untimely. Receiving no response
from Appellant, the PCRA court dismissed the petition by order of August 2,
2021. Appellant thereafter filed a timely notice of appeal. The PCRA court
did not order Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement and none was
filed. However, the PCRA court authored a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion
reiterating the bases for dismissing the petition as untimely as stated in the
Rule 907 notice.
Appellant presents the following questions for our determination:
I. Whether in reviewing the propriety of the PCRA court’s
dismissal of Appellant’s second or subsequent PCRA filing,
it was an abuse of discretion for the PCRA court to determine
that it was untimely and did not meet an exception to the
timeliness provisions of the post-conviction relief act where
the petition was timely filed under title 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(1)(i) & (ii) and § 9545(b)(2) where Appellant
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established the government interference and newly
discovered facts exceptions to the time bar?
II. Whether the PCRA court erred and denied Appellant his
federal and state constitutional rights to due process of the
law by dismissing Appellant’s second or subsequent PCRA
petition without conducting an evidentiary hearing and
appointment of counsel where Appellant’s claims raised
questions of disputed facts regarding the timeliness of his
PCRA petition?
Appellant’s brief at 4 (cleaned up).
We begin with the applicable legal principles. “The standard of review
of an order dismissing a PCRA petition is whether that determination is
supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Cruz, 223 A.3d 274, 277 (Pa.Super. 2019) (cleaned up).
“It is an appellant’s burden to persuade us that the PCRA court erred and that
relief is due.” Commonwealth v. Stansbury, 219 A.3d 157, 161 (Pa.Super.
2019) (internal quotation marks omitted).
There is no absolute right to a hearing on a PCRA petition. Rather, “a
PCRA court has discretion to dismiss a PCRA petition without a hearing if the
court is satisfied that there are no genuine issues concerning any material
fact; that the defendant is not entitled to post-conviction collateral relief; and
that no legitimate purpose would be served by further proceedings.”
Commonwealth v. Cruz, 223 A.3d 274, 277 (Pa.Super. 2019) (internal
quotation marks omitted). Additionally, while a first-time indigent petitioner
has a right to appointed counsel, counsel need only be appointed to assist a
defendant with a second or subsequent petition if a hearing is warranted. See
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Commonwealth v. Jackson, 965 A.2d 280, 283 (Pa.Super. 2009) (citing
Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(D)).
It is well-settled that, “[b]ecause the PCRA time limitations implicate
our jurisdiction and may not be altered or disregarded in order to address the
merits of a petition, we must start by examining the timeliness of Appellant’s
petition.” Commonwealth v. Davis, 86 A.3d 883, 887 (Pa.Super. 2014).
Indeed, “no court has jurisdiction to hear an untimely PCRA petition.”
Commonwealth v. Ballance, 203 A.3d 1027, 1031 (Pa.Super. 2019). The
PCRA provides as follows regarding the time for filing a petition:
Any petition [filed pursuant to the PCRA], including a second or
subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the
judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges and the
petitioner proves that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of
the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this
Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United
States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown
to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the
exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided
in this section and has been held by that court to apply
retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). Further, a petition invoking a timeliness exception
“shall be filed within one year of the date the claim could have been
presented.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).
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Mindful of the governing law, we turn to Appellant’s arguments.
Appellant acknowledges that the instant petition, filed decades after his
judgment of sentence became final, is facially untimely. See PCRA Petition,
8/23/18, at 2. In the petition and the memorandum of law appended to that
filing, Appellant alleged that he could satisfy the newly-discovered facts
exception based upon two affidavits he received in March of 2018. Id.;
Memorandum of Law, 8/23/18, at 2. He explained that “he had his family put
up a [F]ace[book] page asking if any body . . . knew any thing about the Dec.
23, 1989 incident,” and, if so, if they would “please come forward,” and “that
is when [he] got the affidavits.” Id. at 3.
One of the affidavits was executed by Tyshell Brown. It indicated that
he came across the Facebook post about the murder and “[w]hat shocked me
was [that I was] there when it happened.” Affidavit of Tyshell Brown, 3/11/18.
Mr. Brown stated that he clearly remembered that he was on his way to his
cousin’s house when he saw the altercation involving “an older male I didn’t
know with others I did.” Id. The older man shouted “shoot that Mf now” and
“a younger male” began shooting, resulting in Appellant being shot. Id. Mr.
Brown’s cousin then helped carry Appellant to his car. Id.
The other affidavit was executed by Appellant’s co-defendant Lewis.
Lewis indicated that the victim was armed and shot Appellant in the
altercation, but no gun was found because Lewis took the victim’s gun and
money while they were carrying Appellant from the scene. See Affidavit of
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Vincent Lewis, 3/23/18. Lewis did not mention it earlier because he “didn’t
want to be charged more,” but now wanted to clear his conscience. Id.
In his proposed amendment to the petition,1 Appellant alleged that the
Commonwealth violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), by failing
to disclose ballistics evidence and gunshot residue from the victim’s hands,
and that this claim is timely-raised under the governmental interference
exception to the PCRA’s time bar. See Amended PCRA Petition, 5/10/19, at
unnumbered 2. This claim is based upon a version of events, wholly
incompatible with co-defendant Lewis’s conscience-clearing affidavit, in which
Appellant, wearing his bulletproof vest, was shot by the aggressor-victim, the
victim fell and dropped his gun, and Appellant picked it up and shot the victim
with the victim’s own gun. Id. at 4. Therefore, the bullet in Appellant’s
bulletproof vest would have matched the bullets recovered from the victim’s
body. However, the prosecutor said that “the Ballistics told him that they
couldn’t retrieve the bullet from out of the vest.” Id. Further, “[c]lothing was
thrown out of [Appellant]’s whole trial that could have had powder residue
and bullet holes” made by the victim and “everything concerning a bullet in
____________________________________________
1 The proposed amendment was attached to Appellant’s 2019 motion for leave
to supplement the 2018 petition that was neither granted nor denied by the
PCRA court in the years that Appellant’s petition remained unaddressed by the
court. However, it appears that the PCRA court informally allowed the
amendment insofar as it considered the allegations therein in its Pa.R.Crim.P.
907 notice. Accordingly, we review these allegations in determining whether
Appellant pled and offered to prove a timeliness exception.
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the vest was deleted from the [t]rial [c]ourt [t]ranscripts.” Id. Appellant
asserted that the prosecution’s failure to produce this evidence deprived him
of due process and a fair trial. Id.
The PCRA court explained its conclusion that neither timeliness
exception alleged by Appellant granted it jurisdiction over Appellant’s current
PCRA petition as follows:
At the outset, [Appellant] failed to allege, much less prove,
that the fact that he was shot by the victim was previously
unknown. To the contrary, [Appellant] explicitly acknowledged
his awareness of this fact. See Supplemental [P]etition, 5/10/19
at 6 (unpaginated). Specifically, [Appellant] described his
purported acquisition of the victim’s firearm after the victim shot
him. See id. Thus, the witnesses’ statements are merely new
sources for a previously-known fact and unavailing for purposes
of subsection 9545(b)(1)(ii). See Commonwealth v. Marshall,
947 A.2d 714, 720 (Pa. 2008) (holding that the focus of section
9545(b)(1)(ii) “is on the newly discovered facts, not on a newly
discovered or newly willing source for previously known facts”).
Even if [Appellant] was unaware of this fact, he failed to
demonstrate that it was previously unascertainable with the
exercise of due diligence. [Appellant] averred that he received
these affidavits soon after he directed his family to solicit
information on Facebook. See Memorandum of law, 4/23/18 at
3. [Appellant] failed to establish that he couldn’t have attempted
to contact Lewis earlier or directed his family to create the social-
media post until nearly three decades after his trial.
Alternatively, [Appellant] attempt[s] to satisfy the
governmental-interference exception, 42 Pa.[C.S.]
§ 9545(b)(1)(i), by claiming that the Commonwealth failed to
disclose ballistic evidence in violation of Brady. See
Supplemental petition, 5/10/19 at 4, 6 (unpaginated). At the
outset, [Appellant] failed to substantiate the alleged Brady
violation with supporting evidence. This omission was fatal to
[Appellant]’s attempt to satisfactorily invoke subsection
9545(b)(1)(i). Furthermore, [Appellant] did not even attempt to
demonstrate that he raised this claim within the time period
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mandated by subsection 9545(b)(2). Therefore, [Appellant] has
failed to invoke an exception, and the order dismissing his petition
should be affirmed.
PCRA Court Opinion, 8/12/21, at 1-2 (footnote omitted).
We discern no error on the part of the PCRA court. Even assuming
arguendo that the affidavits of Lewis and Mr. Brown contained new facts of
which Appellant had previously been unaware—namely that Appellant had
been shot by the victim before Appellant used the victim’s gun, which had
supposedly instead been retrieved by Lewis, to kill the victim—Appellant failed
to offer any explanation why he could not have discovered these facts earlier.
Without supplying any dates, Appellant alleges that he obtained the affidavits
shortly after directing his family to post on Facebook, but has no explanation
why he could not have done so years ago with the same result. Accordingly,
he pled insufficient facts in his petition to support the newly-discovered facts
timeliness exception. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Monaco, 996 A.2d
1076, 1082 (Pa.Super. 2010) (affirming dismissal of petition as untimely
where the appellant “failed to explain his lack of action or, alternatively, why
he could not or did not obtain [the evidence that established the allegedly-
newly-discovered fact] at an earlier date”).
As for the Brady claim, it is well-settled that, “[a]lthough a Brady
violation may fall within the governmental interference exception, the
petitioner must plead and prove that the failure to previously raise these
claims was the result of interference by government officials, and that the
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information could not have been obtained earlier with the exercise of due
diligence.” Commonwealth v. Smith, 194 A.3d 126, 133 (Pa.Super. 2018).
Here, Appellant contended that the prosecution told him at the time of his
1991 trial that the supposed exculpatory evidence from the bulletproof vest
and clothing was unavailable. See Amended PCRA Petition, 5/10/19, at
unnumbered 4. He offered no explanation of what the government did to
interfere with his ability to raise this Brady claim in the initial twenty-five
years after his conviction, or what efforts enabled him to raise it for the first
time in 2018. Therefore, Appellant’s claim of error as to the governmental-
interference exception is also unavailing.
Having discerned that Appellant’s first issue lacks merit because the
PCRA court properly held that Appellant failed to invoke a timeliness
exception, Appellant’s second issue regarding the PCRA court’s failure to
appoint counsel and hold a hearing is likewise meritless. As indicated above,
Appellant was entitled to counsel only if a hearing was warranted, and a
hearing was warranted only if his petition raised genuine issues of material
fact as to his ability to satisfy a PCRA timeliness exception. See Cruz, supra
at 277; Jackson, supra at 283. Since Appellant failed to plead the requisite
facts, the PCRA properly declined to appoint counsel or hold a hearing. As
such, Appellant’s final issue warrants no relief.
In sum, Appellant has failed to convince us that the PCRA court erred
and that relief is due. See Stansbury, supra at 161 We therefore affirm the
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PCRA court’s order dismissing his PCRA petition as untimely without
appointing counsel and holding a hearing.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/04/2022
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