Com. v. Robertson, W., Jr.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
WILLIE LEWIS ROBERTSON, JR.
Appellant No. 1792 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence August 16, 2016
in the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
Criminal Division at No.: CP-36-CR-0003575-2015
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.: FILED JUNE 26, 2017
Appellant, Willie Lewis Robertson, Jr., appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed pursuant to his jury conviction of two counts each of
burglary, theft of movable property by unlawful taking or disposition, and
criminal mischief.1 We affirm.
We take the following from the trial court’s December 9, 2016 opinion
and our independent review of the certified record. On April 21, 2015, the
window of room sixteen at the 1722 Motor Lodge in East Lampeter Township
was broken, and several items were removed. (See N.T. Trial, 5/18/16, at
81-82). On April 30, 2015, the police received a phone call from a guest of
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*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3502(a)(2), 3921(a), and 3304(a)(5), respectively.
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the motel, who reported suspicious activity in the room next to hers, and
that she had observed a black male, on foot, heading toward Old
Philadelphia Pike. (See N.T. Trial, 5/19/16, at 116, 133). In the late night
hours of May 5, 2015, the window of room number 25 was smashed, and
property was taken. (See N.T. Trial, 5/18/16, at 83-84). Based on a still
photograph of Appellant obtained from surveillance video taken at the motel
pursuant to an ongoing investigation into the burglaries, Detective Sergeant
Brian Cloonan executed a search warrant on Appellant’s home and the stolen
items were recovered. (See N.T. Trial, 5/19/16, at 139-40, 143-44, 149-
51).
A two-day jury trial commenced on May 18, 2016. Prior to the start of
trial, Appellant’s counsel argued for the exclusion of any testimony about the
April 30, 2015 incident because the eyewitness would not be testifying and
no charges were filed relative to that incident. (See N.T. Trial, 5/18/16, at
8). The trial court denied the request on the basis that the testimony about
April 30, 2015 could be used for the limited purpose of explaining the course
of the police officers’ investigation. (See id. at 9, 12).
On May 19, 2016, the jury convicted Appellant of the aforementioned
charges. The trial court ordered a presentence investigation report (PSI).
On August 16, 2016, the trial court sentenced Appellant on each count of
burglary to a term of incarceration of not less thirty months nor more than
six years, to run consecutively, for an aggregate sentence of not less than
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five nor more than twelve years. The court additionally sentenced Appellant
to ninety day terms of probation for each of the criminal mischief counts, to
be served concurrently with his incarceration for burglary.2
On August 23, 2016, Appellant filed a petition to vacate sentence
requesting that his burglary sentences be imposed concurrently rather than
consecutively because the incidents were part of one criminal episode. The
court denied the petition on September 28, 2016. Appellant timely
appealed.3
Appellant raises two questions for our review:
I. Was the trial court’s aggregate sentence of five to twelve
years of incarceration so manifestly excessive as to constitute
too severe a punishment and clearly unreasonable under the
circumstances of this case, as it was not consistent with the
protection of the public, the gravity of the offenses, and the
rehabilitative needs of [Appellant], and the court did not impose
an individualized sentence which took into consideration [his]
circumstances when it imposed consecutive sentences on the
two counts of burglary?
II. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in denying
[Appellant’s] motion in limine and allowing the Commonwealth
to present testimony regarding a report of suspicious activity at
the Motor Lodge from April 30, 2015, where it was not relevant
and was prejudicial to [Appellant]?
(Appellant’s Brief, at 5).
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2
The two counts of theft merged with the burglary convictions for
sentencing purposes.
3
On November 18, 2016, Appellant filed a timely court-ordered statement of
errors complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). The court filed an
opinion on December 9, 2016. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
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Appellant’s first issue challenges the discretionary aspects of his
sentence. “[T]here is no absolute right to appeal when challenging the
discretionary aspect of a sentence.” Commonwealth v. Dodge, 77 A.3d
1263, 1268 (Pa. Super. 2013), appeal denied, 91 A.3d 161 (Pa. 2014)
(citations, footnote, and internal quotation marks omitted).
In order to properly present a discretionary sentencing claim, a
defendant is required to preserve the issue in either a post-
sentence motion or at sentencing and in a court-ordered
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement. Further, on appeal, a
defendant must provide a separate statement specifying where
the sentence falls in the sentencing guidelines, what provision of
the sentencing code has been violated, what fundamental norm
the sentence violates, and the manner in which it violates the
norm.
Id. at 1268-69 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
Here, in his petition to vacate sentence, Appellant argued that his
consecutive burglary sentences should have run concurrently because they
were part of the same criminal episode. (See Petition to Vacate Sentence,
8/23/16, at unnumbered page 2). Because he is raising a different
argument on appeal, Appellant failed to preserve his sentencing challenge.
See Commonwealth v. Hanford, 937 A.2d 1094, 1098 n.3 (Pa. Super.
2007), appeal denied, 956 A.2d 432 (Pa. 2008) (“new theories ordinarily
cannot be raised for the first time on appeal”) (citation omitted); Pa.R.A.P.
302(a). Therefore, Appellant’s first issue is waived. Moreover, it would not
merit relief.
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Our standard of review of challenges to the discretionary aspects of a
sentence is well-settled:
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of
the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on
appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an
abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment.
Rather, the appellant must establish, by reference to the record,
that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law,
exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias
or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
Commonwealth v. Solomon, 151 A.3d 672, 677 (Pa. Super. 2016), appeal
denied, 2017 WL 1414955 (Pa. filed Apr. 19, 2017) (citation omitted). “[I]t
is well accepted that [i]n imposing a sentence, the trial judge may determine
whether, given the facts of a particular case, a sentence should run
consecutive to or concurrent with another sentence being imposed.”
Commonwealth v. Bowen, 55 A.3d 1254, 1265 (Pa. Super. 2012), appeal
denied, 55 A.3d 1254 (Pa. 2013) (citation and internal quotation marks
omitted). “[W]here the sentencing judge had the benefit of a presentence
investigation report, it will be presumed that he or she was aware of the
relevant information regarding the defendant’s character and weighed those
considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.” Commonwealth v.
Finnecy, 135 A.3d 1028, 1038 (Pa. Super. 2016), appeal denied, 2016 WL
6093951 (Pa. filed Oct. 19, 2016) (citation omitted).
In this case, our review of the certified record belies Appellant’s claim
that the trial court imposed consecutive sentences based only on the gravity
of his offenses. In fact, the court considered Appellant’s statements and the
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argument of his counsel, (see N.T. Sentencing, 8/16/16, at 3-7, 9-10); the
sentencing guidelines, (see id. at 9); Appellant’s age, character, and
education, (see id. at 8); his prior criminal history, including multiple
convictions and probation and parole violations, beginning in 1985, (see id.
at 8-10); his history of drug abuse, (see id. at 10); and “the protection of
the public, the gravity of the offense on the victim and community, and the
rehabilitative needs of [Appellant].” (Trial Court Opinion, 12/09/16, at 6).
Based on the foregoing, particularly in light of the fact that the trial
court had the benefit of a PSI, (see N.T. Sentencing, at 2-3, 9), we conclude
that it did not abuse its discretion in sentencing Appellant to consecutive
sentences. See Solomon, supra at 677; Finnecy, supra at 1038;
Bowen, supra at 1265. Therefore, even if he had not waived his first issue
for failing to preserve it for our review, it would lack merit.
In his second claim, Appellant maintains that the trial court abused its
discretion in denying his motion in limine to exclude testimony regarding an
April 30, 2015 incident that occurred at the 1722 Motor Lodge. (See
Appellant’s Brief, at 15-16). Appellant argues that this evidence was
irrelevant and prejudicial. (See id. at 16-17). This issue does not merit
relief.
“In evaluating the denial or grant of a motion in limine, our standard
of review is the same as that utilized to analyze an evidentiary challenge.”
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Commonwealth v. Hicks, 151 A.3d 216, 224 (Pa. Super. 2016), appeal
denied, 2017 WL 1735542 (Pa. filed May 3, 2017) (citation omitted).
It is well settled that [t]he admission of evidence is solely
within the discretion of the trial court, and a trial court’s
evidentiary rulings will be reversed on appeal only upon an
abuse of that discretion. An abuse of discretion will not be found
based on a mere error of judgment, but rather occurs where the
court has reached a conclusion that overrides or misapplies the
law, or where the judgment exercised is manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.
“The court may exclude relevant evidence if its probative value is
outweighed by a danger of one or more of the following: unfair
prejudice, confusing the issues, misleading the jury, undue
delay, wasting time, or needlessly presenting cumulative
evidence.” Pa.R.E. 403.
Id. (case citations and most quotation marks omitted).
Hearsay is “a statement, other than one made by the
declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in
evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.” Pa.R.E.
801(c). Hearsay testimony is per se inadmissible in this
Commonwealth, except as provided in the Pennsylvania Rules of
Evidence, by other rules prescribed by the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court, or by statute. On the other hand, evidence that
would constitute inadmissible hearsay if offered to for one
purpose may be admitted for another purpose. . . . [A]n out-
of-court statement offered to explain a course of conduct
is not hearsay.
Commonwealth v. Dent, 837 A.2d 571, 577 (Pa. Super. 2003), appeal
denied, 863 A.2d 1143 (Pa. 2004) (most citations and quotation marks
omitted; emphasis added).
Here, the trial court observed, “[t]he testimony concerning April 30,
2015 was extremely brief, . . . made no actual mention of any criminal
conduct by any named accused[,] and could not have been understood by
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the jury to provide proof of the crimes for which Appellant was being tried.”
(Trial Ct. Op., at 10). We agree.
Our independent review of Detective Sergeant Cloonan’s testimony
reveals that he mentioned the April 30, 2015 complaint from the 1722 Motor
Lodge as part of the chronology of the police department’s investigation of
incidents at that location. (See N.T. Trial, 5/19/16, at 133-34; see also id.
at 116 (Officer Samuel Sanger referencing April 30, 2015 call)). He stated
that the April 30, 2015 complaint was for suspicious activity, i.e. a black
male attempting to get into a room. (See id. at 134). Additionally, the trial
court instructed the jury that the only incidents on which it was to make its
decision were those committed on April 21, 2015 and on or about May 6,
2015. (See id. at 115).
Therefore, not only was the call to the police offered merely to explain
the course of conduct of the police officers, the trial court expressly
instructed the jury about the dates it was to consider in its decision, which
the jury is presumed to have followed. See Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 30
A.3d 1111, 1147 (Pa. 2011) (“The jury is presumed to have followed the
court’s instructions.”) (citation omitted). Hence, the trial court did not abuse
its discretion in allowing testimony referencing the April 30, 2015 complaint.
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See Hicks, supra at 949; Dent, supra at 577. Appellant’s second issue
lacks merit.4
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/26/2017
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4
Moreover, we agree with the trial court that “[t]he testimony was also
cumulative of testimony brought out by counsel for [Appellant] on cross-
examination that the police are often called to the 1722 Motor Lodge for
reports of criminal activity.” (Trial Ct. Op., at 10 (footnote omitted); see
also N.T. Trial, 5/19/16, at 178).
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