Herbert, J. v. American Biltrite

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
JAMES HERBERT, EXECUTOR OF THE IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
ESTATE OF VINCENT W. GATTO, SR., PENNSYLVANIA
DECEASED,
Appellant
v.
AMERICAN BILTRITE AND ITS DIVISION
AMTICO; AZROCK INDUSTRIES, INC.;
CERTAINTEED CORPORATION; DAVIS
FETCH CORPORATION OF
PENNSYLVANIA; EGGERS INDUSTRIES;
GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION; H.B.
FULLER COMPANY; HAJOCA
CORPORATION; KAISER GYPSUM
COMPANY, INC.; UNION CARBIDE
CORPORATION AND ITS LINDE
DIVISION; WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY,
Appellees No. 1702 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Order Entered October 15, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Civil Division at No(s): G.D. No. 11-019602
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED JANUARY 12, 2016
James Herbert, Executor of the Estate of Vincent W. Gatto, Sr.,
appeals from the order entered October 15, 2014, which granted Appellees
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summary judgment in this asbestos litigation and dismissed the complaint
with prejudice as time-barred.1 We affirm.
Mr. Gatto was occupationally exposed to asbestos while self-employed
as a brick mason in Virginia. In June 2003, Mr. Gatto was prescribed a
computer tomography scan (CT scan) of his lungs. Dr. Guillermo Olivos
interpreted the scan and authored a report, diagnosing Mr. Gatto with
asbestosis. His primary care physician, Dr. Imelda Miranda, discussed the
diagnosis with Mr. Gatto. Additional tests were performed in November
2005, interpreted by Dr. C. Hugh Everhart, a pulmonologist, and found to be
consistent with the 2003 results. Dr. Everhart’s report specifically notes Mr.
Gatto’s 2003 diagnosis. In February 2010, following a right thoracoscopy
and biopsy of the pleural space, Mr. Gatto was diagnosed with
mesothelioma. Mr. Gatto died shortly thereafter in April 2010.
Appellant commenced this litigation in September 2011. Following the
close of discovery, in September 2014, Appellees filed several motions for
summary judgment based upon the Virginia statute of limitations, Va. Code
Ann. § 8.01-243(A), which requires that an action for personal injury must
be brought within two years after the cause of action accrues.2 According to
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1
Union Carbide settled with Appellant and is not a party to this appeal.
2
Pursuant to Pennsylvania’s Uniform Statute of Limitations on Foreign
Claims Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 5521, the parties agree that the Virginia statute of
limitations applies. See Appellant’s Brief at 5-6, Appellees’ Brief at 17.
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Appellees, the only cause of action accrued in 2003, following diagnosis of
Mr. Gatto’s asbestosis. Therefore, according to Appellees, Appellant’s cause
of action is time-barred.
In response, Appellant did not dispute the 2003 diagnosis or that Mr.
Gatto was aware of it.3 Rather, Appellant argued that the 2003 diagnosis
was incorrect and that Mr. Gatto’s cause of action did not properly accrue
until the 2010 diagnosis of his mesothelioma.
In October 2014, the trial court granted Appellees’ motion for
summary judgment.4 Appellant timely appealed; and the court issued an
opinion.
Appellant raises the following issues:
1. Whether [Appellant’s] claim for mesothelioma can be barred
under the Commonwealth of Virginia’s statute of limitations, Va.
Code Ann § 8.01-249(4) (2014), because of a transcription error
in a medical record regarding a disease from which [Mr. Gatto]
never actually suffered.
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3
Appellant conceded that Mr. Gatto informed Dr. Everhart in 2005 that he
had asbestosis, thus clearly Mr. Gatto was aware of the diagnosis. See
Appellant’s Response to the Motion for Summary Judgment at ¶23.
4
The trial court’s order specifically grants the motion for summary judgment
filed on behalf of H.B. Fuller Company, Georgia Pacific LLC, Hajoca
Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Davis-Fetch Corporation of
Pennsylvania, and Domco Products Texas, Inc. f/k/a Asrock Industries, Inc.
However, the order applies to all remaining defendants. See Pa.R.Civ.P.
1041.1(f) (“A motion for summary judgment filed by one defendant alleging
a ground common to one or more other defendants shall be deemed filed on
behalf of all such defendants.”)
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2. Whether the trial court erred in resolving a factual dispute
between medical records and sworn trial testimony of physicians
in favor of [Appellees], thereby usurping the role of the jury, and
also failing to look at the evidence in the light most favorable to
[Appellant].
3. Whether the trial court erred in ruling that the statute of
limitations expired on [Appellant’s] mesothelioma claim, when
the issue of whether [Mr. Gatto] suffered from any “disabling
asbestos-related disease” prior to his mesothelioma was, at
least, a contested issue of fact.
4. Whether Va. Code Ann § 8.01-249(4) permits the running of
the statute of limitations before a right to the cause of action
accrues, thereby creating an absurd result.
Appellant’s Brief at 4.5
Appellant contends that the Virginia statute of limitations does not bar
his claim and that, therefore, summary judgment was granted in error. The
standard and scope of our review is settled.
As has been oft declared by this Court, summary judgment is
appropriate only in those cases where the record clearly
demonstrates that there is no genuine issue of material fact and
that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
When considering a motion for summary judgment, the trial
court must take all facts of record and reasonable inferences
therefrom in a light most favorable to the non-moving party. In
so doing, the trial court must resolve all doubts as to the
existence of a genuine issue of material fact against the moving
party, and, thus, may only grant summary judgment where the
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5
Appellant’s brief does not conform to our rules of appellate procedure.
Appellant presents four issues for our consideration, yet his argument
includes two sections broken into several subsections that do not directly
correspond to the four issues identified. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Essentially,
Appellant raises a single issue, i.e., whether the Virginia statute of
limitations time-bars his claim. Appellant contends that it does not and
levies several arguments in favor of this position.
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right to such judgment is clear and free from all doubt. On
appellate review, then, an appellate court may reverse a grant of
summary judgment if there has been an error of law or an abuse
of discretion. But the issue as to whether there are no genuine
issues as to any material fact presents a question of law, and
therefore, on that question our standard of review is de novo.
This means we need not defer to the determinations made by
the lower tribunals. To the extent that this Court must resolve a
question of law, we shall review the grant of summary judgment
in the context of the entire record.
Summers v. Certainteed Corp., 997 A.2d 1152, 1159 (Pa. 2010) (internal
citations and quotation marks omitted; formatting modified).
The premise of Appellant’s argument is simple: Mr. Gatto never had
asbestosis. See Appellant’s Brief at 10. According to Appellant, the 2003
diagnosis was merely a transcription error, inadvertent and insufficient to
trigger the limitations period. Id. at 16-19. Indeed, Appellant asserts that
imparting any legal significance to a misdiagnosis would be absurd. Id.
Finally, according to Appellant, the trial court erred in disregarding
competent expert testimony disputing the 2003 diagnosis and opining that
Mr. Gatto’s exposure to asbestos did not result in a “disabling asbestos-
related injury” until the 2010 diagnosis of his mesothelioma. Id. at 14-16;
19-23.
Under Virginia law, “every action for personal injuries, whatever the
theory of recovery … shall be brought within two years after the cause of
action accrues.” Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-243(a). A cause of action for an
asbestos-related injury accrues as follows:
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In actions for injury to the person resulting from exposure to
asbestos or products containing asbestos, when a diagnosis of
asbestosis, interstitial fibrosis, mesothelioma, or other disabling
asbestos-related injury or disease is first communicated to the
person or his agent by a physician. However, no such action
may be brought more than two years after the death of such
person[.]
Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-249(4).
Importantly, Virginia adheres to an “indivisible cause of action” rule.
Kiser v. A.W. Chesterton Co., 736 S.E.2d 910, 920 (Va. 2013).
Although multiple rights of action may arise under a given cause
of action, a wrongful act generally gives rise to only a single
indivisible cause of action. … When a plaintiff suffers but one
actionable wrong or a single wrongful invasion of a single
primary right such as the right of bodily safety, the plaintiff is
entitled to but one recovery. … Thus, a statute of limitations
usually commences to run when injury is incurred as a result of
a wrongful act. … [W]hen the statute of limitations begins to run,
it runs as to all damages caused by the wrongful or negligent act
of another, even if the individual suffers additional damages at a
later date.
Id. at 916 (internal citations omitted; formatting and punctuation modified;
emphasis in original). This means, according to the Supreme Court of
Virginia, that an asbestos-related cause of action accrues a single time, thus
triggering the limitations period, “when the diagnosis of any of the specified
diseases or some ‘other disabling asbestos-related injury or disease’ is
communicated to the patient or his agent by a physician.” Id. at 918.
Here, Appellant does not dispute that Mr. Gatto was diagnosed with
asbestosis in 2003. Also undisputed is that Dr. Miranda discussed the
diagnosis with him. Clearly, too, Mr. Gatto was aware of the diagnosis,
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because he relayed that information to Dr. Everhart in 2005. These facts
alone are sufficient to trigger the limitations period. Moreover, as the
indivisible cause of action rule applies, the subsequent diagnosis of Mr.
Gatto’s mesothelioma did not commence a new limitations period.
Accordingly, Appellant’s cause of action is time-barred.
Appellant’s several arguments to the contrary are unavailing. Upon
receiving the 2003 diagnosis, Mr. Gatto incurred an obligation to pursue his
cause of action with all reasonable diligence.
[U]nder the law of Pennsylvania, it is the duty of the one
asserting a cause of action to use all reasonable diligence to
inform himself or herself properly of the facts and circumstances
upon which the right of recovery is based and to institute suit
within the prescribed statutory period. Mere mistake,
misunderstanding or lack of knowledge on the part of the
plaintiff is not sufficient to toll the running of the statute of
limitations.
Gwaltney v. Stone, 564 A.2d 498, 500 (Pa. Super. 1989) (applying the
Tennessee statute of limitations to a cause of action filed in Pennsylvania)
(internal citations omitted). Thus, the accuracy of the 2003 diagnosis is no
longer relevant. Similarly irrelevant are any expert opinions of the
diagnosis. Put simply, any dispute regarding the diagnosis should have
been resolved long before Appellant filed his cause of action in 2010.
Finally, Appellant’s argument that the 2003 diagnosis was insufficient
because it failed to qualify Mr. Gatto’s asbestosis as “disabling,” is devoid of
merit. See Appellant’s Brief at 15 n.10, 19-23. The plain language of
Section 249(4) lists asbestosis specifically as one of the diseases that will
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trigger the statute of limitations. No qualifying diagnosis is necessary. Va.
Code Ann. § 8.01-249(4); see also Kiser, 736 S.E.2d at 920 (holding that
the mere diagnosis of decedent’s asbestosis was sufficient to trigger the
limitations period).
For the above reasons, we discern no error in the trial court’s decision.
Appellant’s cause of action is time-barred and was dismissed properly with
prejudice.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/12/2016
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