Com. v. Holmes, A.

J-S22025-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ANTHONY HOLMES :
:
Appellant : No. 1685 MDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered April 5, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Centre County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-14-CR-0001211-2016
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., DUBOW, J., and PELLEGRINI*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED AUGUST 09, 2019
Appellant, Anthony Holmes, appeals from the April 5, 2018 Judgment of
Sentence entered in the Centre County Court of Common Pleas following his
conviction of Sexual Assault. After careful review, we affirm.
We glean the following factual and procedural history from the certified
record. In the late evening of July 10, 2015, the Victim, Kathleen Mangus, and
other friends attended the Arts Festival at State College, Pennsylvania. The
Victim patronized bars and drank alcohol while at the Festival. At some point
in the evening, the Victim blacked-out while drinking a beer at a bar.
In the early morning of July 11, 2015, when the Victim regained
awareness, she was standing outside a black sedan in a wooded area of a
park. She was disoriented and panicked. A discussion between the Victim and
Appellant intensified, and when the Victim asked Appellant to leave the area,
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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he punched her in the face, breaking her nose and knocking her to the ground.
He told the Victim to stop crying and demanded that she remove her pants.
The victim protested. Appellant proceeded to hold her down and sexually
assault her. After the assault, Appellant stated, “I can’t believe this. I can’t
believe this is how tonight went. I can’t believe this.” N.T. Trial, 1/30/18, at
87.
Appellant and the Victim then entered the car to leave the park. The
Victim informed Appellant she could not find her cell phone. Appellant
attempted to find the phone by calling it; they were unable to locate the
phone.
Appellant drove them back into town. Once the Victim recognized that
they were near Mangus’s apartment, she asked Appellant to drop her off. As
she was leaving the car, Appellant retrieved the Victim’s cell phone from the
driver’s side floor and gave it to her.
The Victim arrived at Mangus’s apartment around 5:00 AM. She woke
Mangus and informed her of the assault; Mangus then called the police. Officer
Martin Hanes responded and escorted the Victim to the Mount Nittany Medical
Center where an examiner performed a vaginal swab extraction.1
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1A forensic analysis of the swab performed in February 2016 found DNA
material matching Appellant’s DNA profile.
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On July 23, 2015, Detective John Aston recorded a phone call the Victim
placed to Appellant at the Detective’s behest.2 During the phone conversation,
the Victim asked Appellant about the evening of the Arts Festival. Appellant
told the Victim that she had the wrong number and he had not been at the
Arts Festival, and hung up. The Victim then sent Appellant a text message.
Appellant never responded to the Victim’s text message. That same day,
Appellant cancelled his cell phone service with T-Mobile. He later obtained a
new cell phone number with a new provider.
In July 2016, Appellant was charged with Rape, Sexual Assault, two
counts Indecent Assault, Simple Assault, and Harassment.3 A jury trial
commenced on January 29, 2018, at which the parties stipulated to the DNA
lab results, and to the fact that Appellant cancelled his cell phone number with
T-Mobile on July 23, 2015 and subsequently obtained a new cell phone number
with Verizon. The Commonwealth presented testimony from, inter alia, the
Victim, Detective Aston, and Kathleen Mangus. The Victim testified about the
events of July 10 and 11, 2015, and the July 23, 2015 phone call and text
message to Appellant. Detective Aston discussed his investigation of the case,
including compiling data related to Appellant’s and the Victim’s cell phones.
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2 The Commonwealth retrieved Appellant’s phone number from the Victim’s
received calls log from the early morning hours of July 11, 2015.
318 Pa.C.S. § 3121, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3124.1, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3126, 18 Pa.C.S. §
2701, and 18 Pa.C.S. § 2709, respectively.
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Mangus testified about the events of July 10 and 11, 2015, and her ensuing
discussions with Detective Aston about the case. Appellant’s attorney
vigorously cross-examined Mangus. Appellant presented testimony from, inter
alia, four character witnesses. After closing arguments, the trial court
instructed the jury, over Appellant’s objection, about considering Appellant’s
actions after the assault as consciousness of guilt.
On January 30, 2018, the jury found Appellant guilty of Sexual Assault.4
Following the jury trial, the court found Appellant guilty of Harassment. On
April 5, 2018, the court sentenced Appellant to, inter alia, four and one-half
to nine years of imprisonment. Appellant filed a Post-Sentence Motion, which
the trial court denied.
Appellant timely appealed. Appellant filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
Statement. The trial court referred this Court to its opinion denying Appellant’s
Post-Sentence motion in lieu of drafting a Rule 1925(a) Opinion.
Appellant presents the following questions for our review:
1. Did the lower court abuse its discretion by permitting the
Commonwealth to repeatedly elicit improper opinion evidence
at trial that the [Victim] in this matter was truthful in her
allegations that she was attacked and raped by [Appellant]?
2. Did the lower court, having found that [Appellant] did not know
he was wanted by the police, abuse its discretion by giving the
jury a consciousness of guilt instruction?
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4 The Commonwealth withdrew the two counts of Indecent Assault prior to
trial. The jury found Appellant not guilty of Rape and Simple Assault.
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Statement of the Questions Involved, Appellant’s Br. at 5.
Admissibility of Evidence
In his first claim, Appellant asserts that the trial court abused its
discretion by permitting the Commonwealth to use Mangus’s re-direct
testimony to bolster the Victim’s credibility about the events that occurred on
the evening of July 10, 2015, and early morning of July 11, 2015. Appellant’s
Br. at 13. He asserts that the Commonwealth elicited improper opinion
evidence, citing to portions of Mangus’s re-direct testimony. Appellant’s Br. at
9-11, 13-16.
The admissibility of evidence and scope of re-direct examination is
within the discretion of the trial court. Commonwealth v. Dreibelbis, 426
A.2d 1111, 1117 (Pa. 1981); Commonwealth v. Young, 989 A.2d 920, 924
(Pa. Super. 2010). “[A] reviewing court will not reverse the trial court’s
decision absent a clear abuse of discretion.” Young, supra at 924. To be
admissible, evidence must be relevant. See Pa.R.E. 401, 402. However,
relevant evidence may be excluded if the court determines that its probative
value is outweighed by the risk of unfair prejudice. Pa.R.E. 403. “‘Unfair
prejudice’ means a tendency to suggest [a] decision on an improper basis or
to divert the jury’s attention away from its duty of weighing the evidence
impartially.” Id., cmt. “Moreover, when a party raises an issue on cross-
examination, it will be no abuse of discretion for the court to permit re-direct
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on that issue in order to dispel any unfair inferences.” Dreibelbis, supra at
1117.
Appellant’s claim challenges Mangus’s testimony provided in response
to Appellant’s counsel’s vigorous cross-examination. On cross-examination,
defense counsel questioned Mangus about her interactions with Appellant’s
investigator and with Detective Aston. Counsel questioned Mangus about the
messages Appellant’s investigator left for her and why she did not return his
phone calls to discuss the case. N.T. Trial, 1/29/18, at 65-66. He then
questioned Mangus about how soon she discussed the case with Detective
Aston after Appellant’s investigator had contacted her. Id. at 66-67. On re-
direct, Mangus testified that she knew something bad had happened to the
Victim, the Victim was attacked and raped, and that she wanted nothing to do
with Appellant’s investigator because she did not know the investigator. Id.
at 76-79.
The trial court determined that the Commonwealth’s questions and
Magnus’s testimony on re-direct examination were in response to defense
counsel’s questions implying that Magnus held a bias against defense
counsel’s investigator, not to bolster victim’s testimony. Trial Ct. Op. at 4. The
court further opined that any harm from the testimony was minimal. Id. at 4-
5.
We agree with the trial court’s conclusion. On cross-examination,
defense counsel attacked Mangus’s credibility by attempting to expose bias.
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Defense counsel asked if Appellant’s investigator contacted her and why she
did not respond to his requests to speak with her. Further, defense counsel’s
questioning contrasted Magnus’s reluctance to speak with Appellant’s
investigator with her willingness to speak with the Commonwealth’s detective.
Her re-direct testimony explaining why she was reluctant to speak with
Appellant’s investigator constituted proper and relevant evidence responding
to the defense counsel’s implication of bias raised on cross-examination. See
Dreibelbis, supra at 117.
Moreover, we discern no error in the trial court’s consideration of the
probative value of this testimony against its prejudicial impact. Although
Appellant avers Magnus’s words describing the attack as rape were prejudicial,
the jury’s finding Appellant not guilty of rape evidences the minimal prejudicial
impact of Mangus’s re-direct testimony.
We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting
Mangus’s testimony on re-direct.
Jury Instruction
In his second claim, Appellant avers that the trial court abused its
discretion in giving the following consciousness of guilt jury instruction:
There was evidence tending to show that the defendant cancelled
his [cell] phone after [the Victim] called him and he denied being
at the Arts Festival. If you believe this evidence, you may consider
it as tending to prove the defendant’s consciousness of guilt. You
are not required to do so.
N.T., 1/30/18, at 231-32. Appellant contends that the instruction was
improper because there was no evidence presented that he had been called
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by the police or that he was aware that he was the subject of an investigation
at the time he changed his phone number. Appellant’s Brief at 19-21.
We review a challenge to a jury charge for an abuse of
discretion. Commonwealth v. Greer, 951 A.2d 346, 354 (Pa. 2008). “A jury
instruction is proper if supported by the evidence of record.” Commonwealth
v. Clark, 961 A.2d 80, 92 (Pa. 2008).
The conduct of an accused following a crime is admissible as tending to
show guilt. Commonwealth v. Hughes, 865 A.2d 761, 792 (Pa. 2004).
Direct evidence is not required to establish a defendant’s actual knowledge
that he was being sought by the police for a crime. Commonwealth v.
Whack, 393 A.2d 417, 419-20 (Pa. 1978). A defendant’s knowledge may be
inferred from the circumstances following his crime. Commonwealth v.
Thoeun Tha, 64 A.3d 704, 714 (Pa. Super. 2013). See Commonwealth v.
Jones, 570 A.2d 1338, 1349 (Pa. Super. 1990) (concluding that a jury
instruction on consciousness of guilt was proper where defendant’s refusal to
give his identification after a car accident and then fled demonstrated that he
had reason to know that he may be suspected in connection with a murder
that occurred four days prior to the accident).
The Victim testified that she contacted Appellant about the events at the
Arts Festival. Appellant denied attending and hung up. Appellant ignored the
Victim’s text message and then cancelled his cell phone service. From these
facts, it was reasonable for the trial court to infer that Appellant was
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attempting to prevent the Victim from contacting him and thus, there was
sufficient evidence to charge the jury that Appellant’s efforts to prevent the
Victim from contacting him established Appellant’s consciousness of guilt.
Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion
in providing the consciousness of guilt instruction.
Judgment of Sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/9/2019
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