Kisiel, W. v. Wiszynski, Z.

J-A11017-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
WITOLD KISIEL IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
ZBIGNIEW WISZYNSKI
Appellee No. 1605 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Order Entered August 19, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
Civil Division at No(s): 2014-SU-1415-54
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., MOULTON, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.: FILED AUGUST 14, 2017
Witold Kisiel appeals, pro se, from the August 19, 2016 order entered
in the York County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment in
favor of Zbigniew Wiszynski. We affirm.
This matter arises out of a collision between Kisiel and Wiszynski while
skiing downhill on a mountain slope in Warrington Township, York County.
On May 22, 2014, Kisiel filed a complaint against Wiszynski sounding in
negligence. On June 30, 2016, Wiszynski filed a motion for summary
judgment. On August 19, 2016, the trial court granted Wiszynski’s motion.
Kisiel timely appealed. 1
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*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
Preliminarily, we must discuss Kisiel’s failure to comply with multiple
Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure. Kisiel’s brief fails to include a
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Kisiel raises the following issue2 on appeal: Whether the trial court
erred in granting summary judgment to Wiszynski?
Our scope and standard of review when reviewing a grant of summary
judgment are well-settled:
[O]ur scope of review is plenary, and our standard of
review is the same as that applied by the trial court. Our
Supreme Court has stated the applicable standard of
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(Footnote Continued)
statement of jurisdiction, the order in question, a statement of the scope
and standard of review, a statement of the questions involved, or a
summary of the argument. See Pa.R.A.P. 2111, 2114, 2115 2116, 2117,
and 2118. Kisiel’s brief contains very little citation to relevant authority as
well as inadequate reference to matters in the record and fails to show
where in the record he preserved his issues for appeal. See Pa.R.A.P.
2119(b), (c), and (e).
“Although Pennsylvania courts endeavor to be fair to pro se litigants in
light of the challenges they face conforming to practices with which
attorneys are far more familiar, [we] nonetheless long have recognized that
we must demand that pro se litigants comply substantially with our rules of
procedure.” Commonwealth v. Spuck, 86 A.3d 870, 874 (Pa.Super. 2014)
(internal citation omitted). Further, “‘[t]his Court will not act as counsel’ for
an appellant who has not substantially complied with our rules.” Id.
(quoting Bombar v. W. Am. Ins. Co., 932 A.2d 78, 93 (Pa.Super. 2007)).
Based on Kisiel’s failure to adhere to the Rules of Appellate Procedure, this
Court has the right to quash or dismiss his appeal pursuant to Rule
2101. See Pa.R.A.P. 2101 (noting that parties appearing before this Court
“shall conform in all material respects with the requirements of these rules
as nearly as the circumstances of the particular case will admit . . . and, if
the defects are in the brief or reproduced record of the appellant and are
substantial,” we may quash or dismiss the appeal). However, “in the
interest of justice we address the arguments that can reasonably be
discerned from this defective brief.” Commonwealth v. Lyons, 833 A.2d
245, 252 (Pa.Super. 2003).
2
Although Kisiel does not include a statement of questions involved in
his brief, we are able to discern his sole issue.
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review as follows: [A]n appellate court may reverse the
entry of a summary judgment only where it finds that the
lower court erred in concluding that the matter presented
no genuine issue as to any material fact and that it is clear
that the moving party was entitled to a judgment as a
matter of law. In making this assessment, we view the
record in the light most favorable to the non-moving party,
and all doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue of
material fact must be resolved against the moving party.
As our inquiry involves solely questions of law, our review
is de novo.
Thus, our responsibility as an appellate court is to
determine whether the record either establishes that the
material facts are undisputed or contains insufficient
evidence of facts to make out a prima facie cause of
action, such that there is no issue to be decided by the
fact-finder. If there is evidence that would allow a fact-
finder to render a verdict in favor of the non-moving party,
then summary judgment should be denied.
Reinoso v. Heritage Warminster SPE LLC, 108 A.3d 80, 84 (Pa.Super.)
(quoting Mull v. Ickes, 994 A.2d 1137, 1139–40 (Pa.Super. 2010)), app.
denied, 117 A.3d 298 (Pa. 2015).
This case involves the Pennsylvania Skier’s Responsibility Act, which
provides in relevant part:
(c) DOWNHILL SKIING.—
(1) The General Assembly finds that the sport
of downhill skiing is practiced by a large
number of citizens of this Commonwealth and
also attracts to this Commonwealth large
numbers of nonresidents significantly
contributing to the economy of this
Commonwealth. It is recognized that as in
some other sports, there are inherent risks in
the sport of downhill skiing.
(2) The doctrine of voluntary assumption of
risk as it applies to downhill skiing injuries and
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damages is not modified by subsections (a)
and (a.1).
42 Pa.C.S. § 7102(c). In Bell v. Dean, 5 A.3d 268 (Pa.Super. 2010), this
Court explained that although the doctrine of comparative negligence 3 has
largely superseded the common law doctrine of assumption of the risk, “the
legislature specifically retained the doctrine of assumption of the risk as a
defense with respect to the sport of downhill skiing.” Id. at 268. Where the
defense of assumption of the risk applies, the “defendant is said to owe no
duty of care to [the] plaintiff, and [the] plaintiff’s negligence cause of action
must fail. [The] [p]laintiff cannot prove [the] defendant’s negligence
without first proving [that the] defendant owed him a duty of care.” Id. at
269. We concluded that the Skier’s Responsibility Act “and the ‘no duty’
common law doctrine of assumption of the risk, which it preserves, . . .
apply equally as a potential bar to negligence actions between patrons and
ski resorts and between two or more patrons of a ski resort.” Id.
In Bell, we reiterated our Supreme Court’s test for determining
whether summary judgment is appropriate in an action for injuries sustained
while skiing:
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3
Generally, in a negligence action, a plaintiff’s own negligence will not
bar recovery as long as the plaintiff’s negligence is not greater than that
attributed to the defendant; rather, damages are diminished in proportion to
the amount of negligence attributable to the plaintiff. 42 Pa.C.S. § 7102(a).
This framework is known as comparative negligence.
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First, this Court must determine whether [Appellant]
was engaged in the sport of downhill skiing at the time of
[his] injury. If that answer is affirmative, we must then
determine whether the risk ... is one of the “inherent risks”
of downhill skiing, which [Appellant] must be deemed to
have assumed under the Act. If so, then summary
judgment was appropriate because, as a matter of law,
[Appellant] cannot recover for [his] injuries.
Id. at 269-70 (quoting Hughes v. Seven Springs Farm, Inc., 762 A.2d
339, 344 (Pa. 2000)). The “risks inherent to the sport of downhill skiing
[are] those that are common, frequent, and expected[,]” including the risk
of colliding with another skier. Id. at 270 (quotation omitted).
Kisiel avers that, on the date of the collision, he and Wiszynski had
agreed on which path to follow down the ski slope. Wiszynski then stated
that he would follow Kisiel. The pair proceeded down the hill. At some point
thereafter, Wiszynski appeared to lose control. Kisiel claims that despite
having time to avoid hitting him, Wiszynski collided with Kisiel.
Kisiel contends that the “risk of being hit from behind . . . after verbal
agreement by the two skiers to follow one another” is not an inherent risk of
downhill skiing as contemplated by the Skier’s Responsibility Act. Kisiel’s Br.
at 1. Kisiel attempts to distinguish this matter from prior cases involving the
Skier’s Responsibility Act, arguing that they involved parties who “did not
know each other and did not have any agreement between them that the
one will follow the other.” Id. at 2. He argues that “the risk to be hit from
the back by an unknown skier is much greater than to be hit by an
acquaintance skier who just told you that he will follow you.” Id. at 3.
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Kisiel’s attempt to distinguish Bell is unconvincing. As we stated in
Bell:
[O]ur Supreme Court has specifically accounted for the
exact risk of harm [the appellant]’s claim arises from and
categorized this risk – the risk of colliding with another
skier or snowboarder – as a risk of downhill skiing that is
common, frequent, expected and, therefore, inherent to
the sport of downhill skiing.
5 A.3d at 273. Thus, by engaging in downhill skiing, Kisiel has, by law,
assumed the risk of collision, and Wiszynski owed no duty to protect Kisiel.
Id. Neither the legislature nor our jurisprudence recognizes a distinction
where the parties know each other or have an agreement regarding their
skiing. Therefore, because there were no genuine issues of material fact and
Wiszynski was entitled to judgment as a matter of law, the trial court
properly granted Wiszynski’s motion for summary judgment.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/14/2017
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