Com. v. Hess, G.

J-A09027-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
GREGORY ALLEN HESS,
Appellant No. 398 MDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 31, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0004812-2014
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., SHOGAN and OTT, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED JULY 17, 2017
Appellant, Gregory Allen Hess, appeals from the judgment of sentence
entered following his convictions of criminal conspiracy to commit first-
degree murder, criminal use of a communication facility, and criminal
solicitation to commit first-degree murder. We affirm.
The trial court summarized the procedural history of this case as
follows:
[Appellant] was separately charged with multiple offenses
involving three different hire-to-kill plots against three different
victims. The series of hire-to-kill plots began with the allegation
that [Appellant] hired Calvin Jones, Jr. (“Jones”) to kill
[Appellant’s] wife’s friend or paramour, Chris Ward. [Appellant]
was arrested on April 18, 2014, on charges of Criminal
Solicitation to Commit First Degree Murder and Criminal Use of a
Communication Facility. This case was docketed at CP-67-CR-
2961-2014.
J-A09027-17
After Jones turned police informant, [Appellant] was next
charged with hiring Michael Crampton (a/k/a Mike Jones)
(“Crampton”), a fellow York County Prison inmate, to kill Jones.
[Appellant] was again arrested on June 11, 2014 and charged
with Criminal Conspiracy and Solicitation to Commit First Degree
Murder and Criminal Use of a Communication Facility.1 In order
to secure his release from prison, Crampton also became a
police informant.
1
Defense counsel’s motion states that [Appellant]
was incarcerated from June 11, 2014 until his
release on nominal bail on March 16, 2015. Def.’s
Post-Sentence Motion, ¶ 2.
Lastly, [Appellant] was charged on or about July 14, 2014
with Conspiring or Soliciting two other York County Prison
inmates, Edward Luttrell and Deonsae Bryant, to kill Crampton.
The charges involving the plots against Jones and Crampton as
victims were joined at the preliminary hearing on July 25, 2015,
under one OTN, which became docketed at CP-67-CR-4812-
2014.
On October 15, 2014, the Commonwealth filed a motion
requesting consolidation of [Appellant’s] cases, 2961-2014 and
4812-2014.2 [Appellant] opposed consolidation of the cases and
also requested that the [c]ourt sever the Jones (victim)
Solicitation charge from the Crampton (victim) Solicitation
charge that were previously joined at the preliminary hearing in
case 4812-2014. On October 30, 2014, the Honorable Thomas
H. Kelley, VI denied the Commonwealth’s motion to consolidate
cases 2961-2014 and 4812-2014, but left all charges in 4812-
2014 consolidated.3 [Appellant’s] jury trial in case 2961-2014
began on May 18, 2015 and concluded on May 27, 2015. The
jury found [Appellant] not guilty on the two counts charged,
Soliciting the Murder of Chris Ward and Criminal Use of a
Communication Facility.
2
The Motion also requested consolidation of the
cases against the Defendant’s Co-Defendants, Toby
Hess, docketed at CP-67-CR-4621-2014, CP-67-CR-
4625-2014; and [Deonsae] Bryant, docketed at CP-
67-CR -4740-2014.
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3
The undersigned was reassigned this case in or
about October 2015 after Judge Kelley’s departure
from the bench and Judge Trebilcock’s activation in
the United States Army.
[Appellant’s] jury trial in the instan[t] case, 4812-2015,
began on November 9, 2015 and concluded on November 20,
2015. [Appellant] was found guilty on Count 2: Criminal
Conspiracy to Commit First Degree Murder of Michael
Crampton,4 Count 3: Criminal Use of a Communication Facility,5
and Count 4: Criminal Solicitation to Commit First Degree
Murder of Calvin Jones.6 [Appellant] was sentenced on
December 31, 2015 to an aggregate term of 12-24 years in state
corrections. [Appellant’s] Post-Sentence Motion, filed on
January 11, 2016, then follows.
4
18 Pa.C.S.§ 903(a)(1), § 2505(a).
5
18 Pa.C.S. § 7512(a).
6
18 Pa.C.S. § 902(a), § 2502(a).
Order Denying Post-Sentence Motion, 2/17/16, at 1-3. The trial court
denied Appellant’s post-sentence motion. This timely appeal followed. Both
Appellant and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant presents the following issues for our review:
1. WHETHER THE LOWER COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION
WHEN IT GRANTED THE COMMONWEALTH[’]S REQUEST TO
KEEP THE OTN CASES CONSOLIDATED?
2. WHETHER THE EVIDENCE WAS INSUFFICIENT TO FIND THE
APPELLANT GUILTY OF THE OFFENSES OF: CRIMINAL
CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT MURDER; CRIMINAL USE OF
COMMUNICATION FACILITY; AND CRIMINAL SOLICITATION TO
COMMIT FIRST DEGREE MURDER?
3. WHETHER THE VERDICT WAS AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE
EVIDENCE?
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4. WHETHER THE LOWER COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION
WHEN IT SENTENCED THE APPELLANT CONSECUTIVELY?
Appellant’s Brief at 6 (capitalization in original).
Appellant first argues that the trial court abused its discretion in
refusing to sever the two cases. Appellant’s Brief at 20-30. Appellant claims
the evidence presented in the cases was confusing and difficult for the jury
to separate. Id. at 24. He also contends that the jury relied upon evidence
in one case to infer Appellant’s guilt in the other case. Id. Ultimately,
Appellant contends that he was prejudiced by trying the cases together. Id.
Whether to join or sever offenses for trial is within the trial court’s
discretion and will not be reversed on appeal absent a manifest abuse
thereof, or prejudice and clear injustice to the defendant. Commonwealth
v. Wholaver, 989 A.2d 883, 898 (Pa. 2010). Consolidation and severance
of criminal matters are governed by Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal
Procedure 582 and 583, which provide in relevant part as follows:
RULE 582. JOINDER--TRIAL OF SEPARATE INDICTMENTS
OR INFORMATIONS
(A) Standards
(1) Offenses charged in separate indictments or
informations may be tried together if:
(a) the evidence of each of the
offenses would be admissible in a
separate trial for the other and is capable
of separation by the jury so that there is
no danger of confusion; or
(b) the offenses charged are based on
the same act or transaction.
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* * *
RULE 583. SEVERANCE OF OFFENSES OR DEFENDANTS
The court may order separate trials of offenses . . . if it appears
that any party may be prejudiced by offenses . . . being tried
together.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 582, 583.
In Commonwealth v. Burton, 770 A.2d 771 (Pa. Super. 2001), this
Court summarized the appropriate tests to be applied under these rules as
follows:
Pursuant to these rules, we must determine:
“[1] whether the evidence of each of the offenses
would be admissible in a separate trial for the other;
[2] whether such evidence is capable of separation
by the jury so as to avoid danger of confusion; and,
if the answers to these inquiries are in the
affirmative; [3] whether the defendant will be unduly
prejudiced by the consolidation of the offenses.”
[Commonwealth v. ]Boyle, 733 A.2d [633,] at 635 [(Pa.
Super. 1999)] (quoting Commonwealth v. Collins, 703 A.2d
418, 422 (Pa. 1997)) [(quoting Commonwealth v. Lark, 543
A.2d 491, 496-497 (Pa. 1988))]. In deciding whether the
evidence of each offense would be admissible in a separate trial,
we must keep in mind that
“evidence of distinct crimes are [sic] not admissible
against a defendant being prosecuted for another
crime solely to show his bad character and his
propensity for committing criminal acts. However,
evidence of other crimes . . . may be admissible . . .
where the evidence is relevant for some other
legitimate purpose . . . .”
Id. at 636 (citations omitted). Legitimate purposes include:
“(1) motive; (2) intent; (3) absence of mistake or
accident; (4) a common scheme, plan or design
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embracing commission of two or more crimes so
related to each other that proof of one tends to
prove the others; or (5) to establish the identity of
the person charged with the commission of the crime
on trial, in other words, where there is such a logical
connection between the crimes that proof of one will
naturally tend to show that the accused is the person
who committed the other.”
Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Buchanan, 689 A.2d 930, 932
(Pa. Super. 1997)).
Burton, 770 A.2d at 778. Additionally, evidence of other crimes may be
admitted where such evidence is part of the history of the case and forms
part of the natural development of the facts. Collins, 703 A.2d at 422-423.
Our Supreme Court has further instructed that consolidation of indictments
requires only that there are shared similarities in the details of each crime.
Commonwealth v. Newman, 598 A.2d 275, 278 (Pa. 1991). Moreover, in
Lark, our Supreme Court explained the following:
Another “special circumstance” where evidence of other crimes
may be relevant and admissible is where such evidence was part
of the chain or sequence of events which became part of the
history of the case and formed part of the natural development
of the facts. This special circumstance, sometimes referred to as
the “res gestae” exception to the general proscription against
evidence of other crimes, is also known as the “complete story”
rationale, i.e., evidence of other criminal acts is admissible “to
complete the story of the crime on trial by proving its immediate
context of happenings near in time and place.”
Lark, 543 A.2d at 497 (citations omitted).
Our review of the record supports the trial court’s determination to
deny Appellant’s request to sever the charges. The evidence established
that Crampton met Appellant in April of 2014, when they were both in York
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County Prison. N.T., 11/12-13/15, at 510. While in prison, Appellant
offered Crampton, who was expecting to be released soon, $10,000.00 and
then $15,000.00 to kill Jones. Id. at 512-515. Crampton understood that
the purpose for killing Jones was to prevent Jones from testifying against
Appellant. Id. at 513. Appellant attempted to provide Crampton with
various telephone numbers as well as information regarding Jones’s
residence, Jones’s place of employment, and photographs of Jones that had
been taken surreptitiously at a court proceeding. Id. at 520-522. On June
4, 2014, when Crampton was not released from prison as he had expected,
Crampton sent a letter to the York County District Attorney offering to
provide evidence against Appellant. Id. at 536-537. After meeting with
members of the District Attorney’s office, Crampton’s charges were then
dismissed and he was released from prison. Id. at 536-537. Subsequently,
on June 10, 2014, Crampton met with Appellant outside of prison to discuss
the terms of payment for Crampton to kill Jones. Id. at 546-551. Appellant
subsequently was arrested, and Crampton was informed that he was also
the target of a killing. Id. at 553-554.
The record further establishes that, after Appellant’s bail was revoked
and he returned to York County Prison, he became reacquainted with
Luttrell, a fellow inmate. N.T., 11/12-13/15, at 674-679. Once the two men
became friendly, Appellant began telling Luttrell that Appellant hated
Crampton because Crampton had set-up Appellant, and Appellant wanted
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Crampton to be killed before Appellant’s preliminary hearing. Id. at 688-
690. As Appellant became more anxious, Luttrell suggested that fellow
inmate Bryant, who was due to be released, could shoot Crampton. Id. at
691-692. At the behest of Appellant, Luttrell then approached Bryant to
shoot Crampton. Id. at 692-695. Bryant agreed that he would shoot
Crampton in the head. N.T., 11/16-17/15, at 863. In fact, Bryant testified
to the details of a conversation between himself, Appellant, and Luttrell
regarding the details of the shooting of Crampton, which would prevent
Crampton from appearing at Appellant’s preliminary hearing. Id. at 874-
876.
The facts establish that the two episodes, i.e., the hiring of Crampton
to kill Jones and the hiring of Bryant to kill Crampton, occurred a short time
apart. In the first episode, Appellant solicited Crampton to kill Jones to
prevent Jones from testifying against Appellant. In the second episode,
Appellant solicited Bryant, via Luttrell, to kill Crampton to prevent Crampton
from testifying against Appellant. Therefore, we agree with the trial court
that, although the intended victims of the two incidents were different, the
evidence of each set of offenses would be admissible in a separate trial for
the other under the theory that the evidence of each case was necessary in
the other to enable the Commonwealth to present a cohesive narrative to
the jury, i.e., to tell the “complete story.”
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Moreover, Appellant has not presented a viable argument that the jury
was incapable of separating the crimes to avoid confusion. Our Supreme
Court has held that “where a trial concerns distinct criminal offenses that are
distinguishable in time, space, and the characters involved, a jury is capable
of separating the evidence.” Collins, 703 A.2d at 423. Appellant has failed
to prove that the jury was not capable of separating evidence of the
respective crimes to avoid confusion. Indeed, the record establishes that
the jury found Appellant not guilty of criminal solicitation of the first-degree
murder of Crampton. Consequently, there is no indication that Appellant
was prejudiced by the consolidation of the offenses. Hence, Appellant has
failed to establish the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to sever the
charges.
Appellant next argues that there was insufficient evidence to support
his convictions. Appellant’s Brief at 30-44. Specifically, Appellant contends
that the evidence was insufficient to find him guilty of criminal conspiracy to
commit murder of the first degree of Crampton. Id. at 30-34. Also,
Appellant claims that the evidence was insufficient to convict him of criminal
use of communication facility. Id. at 34-37. Lastly, Appellant alleges the
evidence was insufficient to convict him of criminal solicitation to commit
first-degree murder of Jones. Id. at 37-44.
As a preliminary matter, “to preserve their claims for appellate review,
appellants must comply whenever the trial court orders them to file a
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Statement of [Errors] Complained of on Appeal pursuant to [Rule] 1925.
[As a general rule, a]ny issues not raised in a [Rule] 1925(b) statement will
be deemed waived.” Commonwealth v. Castillo, 888 A.2d 775, 780 (Pa.
2005) (quoting Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306, 309 (Pa. 1998)).
“If [an appellant] wants to preserve a claim that the evidence was
insufficient, then the [Rule] 1925(b) statement needs to specify the element
or elements upon which the evidence was insufficient.” Commonwealth v.
Manley, 985 A.2d 256, 262 (Pa. Super. 2009). See also Commonwealth
v. Williams, 959 A.2d 1252, 1257-1258 (Pa. Super. 2008) (finding waiver
of sufficiency of evidence claim where the appellant failed to specify in Rule
1925(b) Statement the elements of particular crime not proven by the
Commonwealth).
Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement asserts, “The [e]vidence was
insufficient for the jury to find [Appellant] guilty of all the [o]ffenses.”
Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) Statement, 3/28/16, at 1. Appellant’s non-specific
claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence fails to specify which
elements of which crimes were allegedly not proven by the Commonwealth.
Consequently, Appellant waived this claim on appeal. Castillo; Lord;
Manley.
Furthermore, even if he had properly preserved the issue for appeal,
Appellant would not be entitled to relief. We observe that we analyze
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arguments challenging the sufficiency of the evidence under the following
parameters:
Our standard when reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether the evidence at trial, and all reasonable
inferences derived therefrom, when viewed in the light most
favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict-winner, are sufficient
to establish all elements of the offense beyond a reasonable
doubt. We may not weigh the evidence or substitute our
judgment for that of the fact-finder. Additionally, the evidence
at trial need not preclude every possibility of innocence, and the
fact-finder is free to resolve any doubts regarding a defendant’s
guilt unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a
matter of law no probability of fact may be drawn from the
combined circumstances. When evaluating the credibility and
weight of the evidence, the fact-finder is free to believe all, part
or none of the evidence. For purposes of our review under these
principles, we must review the entire record and consider all of
the evidence introduced.
Commonwealth v. Trinidad, 96 A.3d 1031, 1038 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Emler, 903 A.2d 1273, 1276-1277 (Pa. Super.
2006)).
The trial court addressed the general sufficiency of the evidence to
support each of Appellant’s convictions. In disposing of Appellant’s post-
sentence motion, the trial court offered the following extensive discussion
pertaining to Appellant’s claim that the Commonwealth presented insufficient
evidence to convict him of criminal solicitation to commit the first degree
murder of Calvin Jones, at Count 4:
We find there was sufficient evidence for the jury to find
[Appellant] guilty of this offense. The Criminal Solicitation
statute reads:
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A person is guilty of solicitation to commit a crime if
with the intent of promoting or facilitating its
commission he commands, encourages or requests
another person to engage in specific conduct which
would constitute such crime or an attempt to commit
such crime or which would establish his complicity in
its commission or attempted commission.
[18 Pa.C.S. § 902.]
Crampton testified that he met [Appellant] in April 2014,
when both were incarcerated in York County Prison. Crampton
was in prison on pending drug charges and a state parole
detainer. Crampton testified that he and [Appellant] had
multiple conversations involving Jones’s killing. The
conversations began when Crampton and [Appellant] were in the
prison’s pre-class section and [Appellant] requested that
Crampton kill Jones to prevent Jones from testifying against
[Appellant] in case 2961-2014. At the time, Jones was
scheduled to testify against [Appellant] at a preliminary hearing
on May 9, 2014. Crampton testified that [Appellant] initially
offered him $10,000.00 to commit the killing, but later agreed to
pay $15,000.00, in two installments of $7,500.00.
[Appellant] gave Crampton information about Jones on two
pieces of paper while in prison. On one piece, [Appellant] wrote
his son, Toby Hess’s name and phone number, [Appellant’s] own
name, inmate number, and phone number, and wrote “Calvin
Curtis Jr. Labron (snitch) Harris St HBG.” On the second piece of
paper, [Appellant] wrote directions to Jones’s job in Harrisburg.
Crampton testified that [Appellant] asked him to contact his son,
Toby after Crampton was released from prison. Crampton
testified that he believed he would soon be released from prison,
and advised [Appellant] of this belief.
Crampton had a preliminary hearing scheduled on May 28,
2014, however, he was not released as he had hoped due to a
state parole detainer issue. Because Crampton was not
released, he wrote to the York County District Attorney’s Office
on June 3, 2014 that [Appellant] had requested he “take out”
Jones. On June 9, 2014, Crampton was interviewed by the DA’s
office, released from prison, and placed a recorded call to
[Appellant] while working with authorities.
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Additionally, Crampton contacted [Appellant] the next day
to set up an in-person meeting. Crampton did not tell police
about this meeting because he hoped to secretly receive the full
$15,000.00 in advance of killing Jones, while still cooperating
with authorities to get consideration on his pending drug
charges. When Crampton met with [Appellant] on
approximately June 11, 2014, Crampton assured [Appellant]
that he could handle the job. Although Crampton now requested
the money upfront, there was no money exchanged during the
in-person meeting. [Appellant] was arrested shortly after this
meeting and no one was killed.
[Appellant] rigorously attacked Crampton’s credibility.
[Appellant] painted Crampton out as opportunistic for
withholding information about the solicitation until he could
secure his own release from prison in June 2014. The defense
presented multiple witnesses, including: Crampton’s cousin who
testified that he had not seen Crampton when he met with
[Appellant] in-person as Crampton had testified; Crampton’s
cellmate, who testified he had not heard the Crampton-
[Appellant] conversations; and Mitchel Perez, a witness whose
testimony included that Crampton stated he was “setting up
some white boy,” which was [Appellant].
[Appellant] took the stand and acknowledged talking to
Crampton while in prison but denied requesting that Crampton
kill Jones. [Appellant] testified that he gave Crampton his and
Toby’s phone numbers as Crampton repeatedly asked
[Appellant] for a job. Several of the witnesses who were prison
inmates testified that [Appellant] had a reputation for being a
wealthy and successful businessman. [Appellant] testified that
his in-person meeting with Crampton was for the purpose of
bringing Crampton a job application.
[Appellant] also testified as to why he wrote down Jones’s
address for Crampton. Crampton advised [Appellant] that he
was a drug dealer and that he hated snitches. [Appellant]
testified that he gave Crampton Jones’s address so that
Crampton could avoid selling drugs to Jones, a snitch.
Along with Crampton’s testimony, the Commonwealth
presented testimony from [Appellant’s] son, Toby Hess. Toby
testified that [Appellant] called him from prison to request that
Toby attend [Appellant’s] preliminary hearing on May 9, 2014,
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and take photos of Calvin Jones. As the phone call was made by
[Appellant] in prison, it was recorded and played for the jury.
Toby testified that following the preliminary hearing, [Appellant]
called him again from prison to confirm the photos were taken
and requested that Toby keep the photos on his phone.
Toby also testified that he obtained a prepaid phone with a
Maryland phone number for [Appellant] and programmed
Crampton’s phone number in it. Toby texted Crampton the
Maryland phone number on about June 10, 2014. [Appellant]
disputed that the prepaid phone was set up to contact
Crampton, and argued that [Appellant’s] attorney had directed
[Appellant] to obtain a prepaid phone for a lawful purpose of
keeping in communication.
After reviewing the evidence and drawing all reasonable
inferences in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth, there
was sufficient evidence to convict [Appellant] of this offense.
The Commonwealth presented evidence to which a jury could
find that [Appellant] deliberately intended to have Jones killed in
order to prevent Jones from testifying against him in the related
case, and requested that Crampton [carry] out the task.
Crampton testified that he informed [Appellant] that he could
handle that task during their in-person meeting. The jury was
free to believe Crampton’s testimony, and find [Appellant’s]
rendition of the facts less believable. Indeed, this trial required
extensive weighing of witness credibility. In the end, the jury
did not find [Appellant’s] explanation of the evidence credible,
and the Court will not disturb that determination.
Order Denying Post-Sentence Motion, 2/17/16, at 4-8 (footnotes omitted).
With regard to Appellant’s claim that the Commonwealth failed to
present sufficient evidence to support his convictions of criminal conspiracy
to commit the first-degree murder of Crampton at Count 2, and criminal use
of a communication facility at Count 3, the trial court offered the following
analysis in its opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a):
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In Count 2, Appellant was convicted of Criminal Conspiracy
to Commit the First Degree Murder of Michael Crampton. To be
convicted of criminal conspiracy, the jury must find that:
(1) the defendant intended to commit or aid in the
commission of the criminal act; (2) the defendant
entered into an agreement with another ... to
engage in the crime; and (3) the defendant or one or
more of the other co-conspirators committed an
overt act in furtherance of the agreed upon crime.4
4
Commonwealth v. Montalvo, 956
A.2d 926, 932 (Pa. 2008) (internal
citations and quotations omitted).
When viewed in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth as the verdict winner, we find there was
sufficient evidence to convict Appellant of these remaining
charges. The Commonwealth presented evidence that showed
Appellant met two of his co-conspirators, [Luttrell] and [Bryant ]
while all were incarcerated in the York County Prison. Appellant
stated to Luttrell his desire that Crampton be killed prior to
Crampton testifying against Appellant at his preliminary hearing.
Luttrell decided that Bryant would be a good candidate to
complete the killing. Luttrell approached Bryant in York County
Prison about killing Crampton, and explained that in exchange,
Appellant would provide Bryant a job and a truck after Bryant’s
release. Bryant testified that he liked the offer as he wanted to
financially support his family with the job. Bryant agreed and
testified that he intended on shooting Crampton in the head.
Bryant also testified that the plan included preliminary
arrangements for someone to provide him with money to
purchase a gun to complete the murder.
Bryant told Luttrell that he would be released from prison
soon, although his release did not occur. Luttrell testified that
all communication between Appellant and Bryant went through
him. Bryant testified that on one occasion the three men were
together in the Prison yard to discuss the murder, but generally
Luttrell was Appellant’s “mouthpiece” between Bryant and
Appellant.
In order to develop a trust among the co-conspirators,
they arranged a money transfer to Bryant’s girlfriend, Sandel.
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Bryant testified that the trust deposit was to prove to Appellant
that he could be trusted not to talk to the police. To begin the
transfer, Appellant needed to get a hold of his son, Toby, to
obtain the agreed upon cash, $500. Luttrell [arranged] for
Appellant to use another prison inmate’s unique phone PIN in an
attempt to evade detection. Luttrell also gave Appellant
Sandel’s contact information, which came from Bryant.
Appellant called Toby using the inmate’s PIN and arranged
for Toby to take the $500 cash to Sandel, who was not
incarcerated. Toby drove to Sandel’s residence and conveyed
the $500 to her. Sandel then took a portion of that money and
put it on Luttrell’s prison account, thereby completing their
intended trust deposit. Luttrell testified that he received a cut of
the money for working as the middleman in the transfer. The
Commonwealth argued that this money transfer was an overt act
in furtherance of the conspiracy.
Fortunately, the conspiracy did not lead to Crampton’s
murder. Luttrell decided to advance his own efforts to get out of
prison and into the York County Drug Court program by writing
to the York County District Attorney’s Office and disclosing the
plot to kill Crampton. Appellant, Bryant, and Toby Hess were
charged with the conspiracy. Bryant was not released from
prison. Crampton testified that he instead went on the run after
he received verbal death threats at his home.
Giving the Commonwealth all reasonable inferences, the
jury could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant
intended to kill Crampton to prevent him from testifying against
Appellant; that Appellant entered into an agreement with others
to commit the killing; and found that the trust deposit was an
act in furtherance of this conspiracy.
Appellant was also found guilty in Count 3 of Criminal Use
of a Communication Facility. Pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S. § 7512(a),
a person commits this offense, a felony three, if the person
“uses a communication facility to commit, cause or facilitate the
commission or the attempt thereof of any crime which
constitutes a felony under this title.” The definition of a
“communication facility” includes a telephone.5
5
18 Pa.C.S. § 7512(c).
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The Commonwealth presented evidence that Appellant,
while incarcerated in the York County Prison, used the prison’s
phone to call his son, Toby. Using the prison’s phone, Appellant
requested that Toby take photographs of [Jones] while Toby
attended Appellant’s preliminary hearing. The Commonwealth
introduced two pertinent recorded phone conversations between
Appellant and Toby. On the first recorded call, Appellant
requested that Toby [attend] the preliminary hearing and take
photos of Jones. On the second recorded call, Appellant called
Toby again from prison to confirm that Toby took the photos at
the preliminary hearing, and requested that Toby retain the
photos in his cell phone.
When viewed with all the evidence presented at trial, the
phone conversations linked Appellant with using Toby and
Crampton to aid his plot to kill Jones. We find that the
Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to convict
Appellant of this offense as Appellant used the prison’s phone to
facilitate or further the commission of a felony, i.e., the
solicitation of [Jones’] murder. Further, as described above,
there was evidence that Appellant used the prison’s phone to
contact Toby in relation to the conspiracy to kill [Crampton].
Accordingly, the jury verdict should stand.
Trial Court Opinion, 5/6/16, at 3-7.
Thus, the evidence at trial was sufficient to show Appellant was guilty
of the crimes of criminal solicitation to commit the first-degree murder of
Jones, criminal conspiracy to commit the first-degree murder of Crampton,
and criminal use of a communication facility. Therefore, we conclude
Appellant’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence would merit no relief
even if it had been properly preserved.
In his third issue, Appellant argues that the verdict was against the
weight of the evidence. Appellant’s Brief at 44-49. Essentially, Appellant
contends that the Commonwealth’s witnesses lacked credibility because they
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had convictions for crimen falsi, and that they lied in order to benefit
themselves in the form of reduced sentences, participation in treatment, and
dismissal of charges.
In Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049 (Pa. 2013), our Supreme
Court set forth the following standards to be employed in addressing
challenges to the weight of the evidence:
A motion for a new trial based on a claim that the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence is addressed to the
discretion of the trial court. Commonwealth v. Widmer, 560
Pa. 308, 319, 744 A.2d 745, 751-[7]52 (2000);
Commonwealth v. Brown, 538 Pa. 410, 435, 648 A.2d 1177,
1189 (1994). A new trial should not be granted because of a
mere conflict in the testimony or because the judge on the same
facts would have arrived at a different conclusion. Widmer, 560
A.2d at 319-[3]20, 744 A.2d at 752. Rather, “the role of the
trial judge is to determine that ‘notwithstanding all the facts,
certain facts are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them
or to give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny
justice.’” Id. at 320, 744 A.2d at 752 (citation omitted). It has
often been stated that “a new trial should be awarded when the
jury’s verdict is so contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s
sense of justice and the award of a new trial is imperative so
that right may be given another opportunity to prevail.” Brown,
538 Pa. at 435, 648 A.2d at 1189.
An appellate court’s standard of review when presented
with a weight of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard
of review applied by the trial court:
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the
exercise of discretion, not of the underlying question
of whether the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. Brown, 648 A.2d at 1189. Because the
trial judge has had the opportunity to hear and see
the evidence presented, an appellate court will give
the gravest consideration to the findings and reasons
advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial
court’s determination that the verdict is against the
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weight of the evidence. Commonwealth v.
Farquharson, 467 Pa. 50, 354 A.2d 545 (Pa. 1976).
One of the least assailable reasons for granting or
denying a new trial is the lower court’s conviction
that the verdict was or was not against the weight of
the evidence and that a new trial should be granted
in the interest of justice.
Widmer, 560 Pa. at 321-[3]22, 744 A.2d at 753 (emphasis
added).
This does not mean that the exercise of discretion by the
trial court in granting or denying a motion for a new trial based
on a challenge to the weight of the evidence is unfettered. In
describing the limits of a trial court’s discretion, we have
explained:
The term “discretion” imports the exercise of
judgment, wisdom and skill so as to reach a
dispassionate conclusion within the framework of the
law, and is not exercised for the purpose of giving
effect to the will of the judge. Discretion must be
exercised on the foundation of reason, as opposed to
prejudice, personal motivations, caprice or arbitrary
actions. Discretion is abused where the course
pursued represents not merely an error of judgment,
but where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable
or where the law is not applied or where the record
shows that the action is a result of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill-will.
Widmer, 560 A.2d at 322, 744 A.2d at 753 (quoting Coker v.
S.M. Flickinger Co., 533 Pa. 441, 447, 625 A.2d 1181, 1184-
[11]85 (1993)).
Clay, 64 A.3d at 1054-1055. “Thus, the trial court’s denial of a motion for a
new trial based on a weight of the evidence claim is the least assailable of its
rulings.” Commonwealth v. Diggs, 949 A.2d 873, 879-880 (Pa. 2008).
The trial court aptly addressed this issue challenging the weight of the
evidence in its order denying Appellant’s post-sentence motions as follows:
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The [c]ourt finds this argument [challenging the weight of
the evidence to be] unpersuasive. The jury heard the attacks on
the Commonwealth’s witnesses’s credibility and bias. This
evidence had to be weighed against [Appellant’s] and defense
witnesses’s credibility as well. There were multiple occasions
where [Appellant’s] testimony conflicted with the
Commonwealth’s witnesses during the approximately two-week
trial. After weighing the substantial amount of witness
testimony and evidence, the jury found [Appellant] guilty on
Counts 2 through 4. We decline to grant a new trial as the
[c]ourt will not reassess the jury’s determination of credibility or
find that “certain facts are so clearly of greater weight” that to
ignore or give them equal weight would deny justice.22 The
verdict did not shock the conscience or was against the weight of
the evidence, so the [c]ourt will not grant relief.
22
Widmer, 744 A.2d at 752.
Order Denying Post-Sentence Motion, 2/17/16, at 10.
Based upon our complete review of the record, we are compelled to
agree with the trial court. Here, the jury, sitting as the finder of fact, was
free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence against Appellant. The jury
weighed the evidence and concluded Appellant perpetrated the three crimes
in question. We agree that this determination is not so contrary to the
evidence as to shock one’s sense of justice. We decline Appellant’s
invitation to assume the role of fact-finder and reweigh the evidence.
Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
refusing to grant relief on Appellant’s challenge to the weight of the
evidence.
Appellant last argues that the trial court abused its discretion in
fashioning his sentence. Appellant’s Brief at 49-52. Basically, Appellant
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presents several claims that he believes support his contention that he
should not have received consecutive sentences.
We note that our standard of review is one of abuse of discretion.
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing
judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest
abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Shugars, 895 A.2d 1270, 1275
(Pa. Super. 2006). It is well settled that there is no absolute right to appeal
the discretionary aspects of a sentence. Commonwealth v. Hartle, 894
A.2d 800, 805 (Pa. Super. 2006). Rather, where an appellant challenges the
discretionary aspects of a sentence, the appeal should be considered a
petition for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. W.H.M., 932 A.2d
155, 163 (Pa. Super. 2007).
As we observed in Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162 (Pa.
Super. 2010):
An appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his
sentence must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by satisfying a
four-part test:
[W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1)
whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal,
see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue
was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion
to reconsider and modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P.
[720]; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal
defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a
substantial question that the sentence appealed from
is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
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Id. at 170 (citing Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528 (Pa. Super.
2006)).
Objections to the discretionary aspects of a sentence are generally
waived if they are not raised at the sentencing hearing or in a motion to
modify the sentence imposed. Moury, 992 A.2d at 170 (citing
Commonwealth v. Mann, 820 A.2d 788 (Pa. Super. 2003)). In
Commonwealth v. Reeves, 778 A.2d 691 (Pa. Super. 2001), we
reaffirmed the principle articulated in Commonwealth v. Jarvis, 663 A.2d
790 (Pa. Super. 1995), wherein this Court observed that, although
Pa.R.Crim.P. 1410 (presently Rule 720) characterizes post-sentence motions
as optional, the rule expressly provides that only issues raised in the trial
court will be deemed preserved for appellate review. Reeves, 778 A.2d at
692. Applying this principle, the Reeves Court held that an objection to a
discretionary aspect of a sentence is waived if not raised in a post-sentence
motion or during the sentencing proceedings. Id. at 692-693. See also
Commonwealth v. Parker, 847 A.2d 745 (Pa. Super. 2004) (holding
challenge to discretionary aspect of sentence was waived because appellant
did not object at sentencing hearing or file post-sentence motion);
Commonwealth v. Petaccio, 764 A.2d 582 (Pa. Super. 2000) (same).
Further, we are mindful that a failure to include the Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)
statement does not automatically waive an appellant’s discretionary aspects
of sentencing argument. Commonwealth v. Roser, 914 A.2d 447, 457
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(Pa. Super. 2006). However, we are precluded from reaching the merits of
the claim when the Commonwealth lodges an objection to the omission of
the statement. Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Love, 896 A.2d 1276,
1287 (Pa. Super. 2006)). See also Commonwealth v. Farmer, 758 A.2d
173, 182 (Pa. Super. 2000) (observing that we may not reach the merits of
discretionary aspects of sentencing claims where the Commonwealth has
objected to the omission of a Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement and finding the
issue to be waived). Cf. Commonwealth v. Lutes, 793 A.2d 949, 964 (Pa.
Super. 2002) (holding that if the appellant fails to comply with Pa.R.A.P
2119(f), Superior Court may entertain a discretionary sentencing claim if
Commonwealth does not object to the appellant’s failure to comply with
Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f)).
Herein, the first requirement of the four-part test is met because
Appellant timely brought this appeal following the denial of his post-sentence
motion. However, our review of the record reflects that Appellant did not
meet the second requirement because he did not include a challenge to the
discretionary aspects of his sentence in his post-sentence motion or at the
time of sentencing. Post-Sentence Motion, 1/11/16 (Record Entry #50).
Likewise, the third requirement is not met. Specifically, Appellant failed to
include in his appellate brief the necessary separate concise statement of the
reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f).
The Commonwealth is aware of the defect in Appellant’s brief and has
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objected to this omission by Appellant. Commonwealth’s Brief at 44-45.
Therefore, Appellant’s issue is waived, and we are precluded from
addressing the merits of his claim on appeal. Accordingly, we affirm the
judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/17/2017
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