Com. v. Kirksey, A.

J-S66012-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
AVERY AUVIAN KIRKSEY,
Appellant No. 1933 WDA 2016
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 5, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-25-CR-0000187-2014
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED DECEMBER 21, 2017
Appellant, Avery Auvian Kirksey, appeals from the judgment of
sentence of an aggregate term of 84 to 180 months’ incarceration,1 imposed
after he was convicted of simple assault, recklessly endangering another
person, carrying a firearm without a license, and persons not to possess a
firearm. We affirm.
On appeal, Appellant presents two questions for our review, which we
have reordered for ease of disposition:
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
We note that in the trial court’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, it incorrectly
states that Appellant’s aggregate sentence is 90 to 180 months’
incarceration. See Trial Court Opinion (TCO), 1/13/17, at 1. Our review of
the sentencing order, however, demonstrates that Appellant’s aggregate,
minimum term is 84 months’ imprisonment.
J-S66012-17
A. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing []
Appellant and whether that [] sentence is manifestly
excessive, clearly unreasonable and inconsistent with the
objectives of the Sentencing Code[?]
B. Whether the evidence was sufficient to find [] Appellant guilty
of [carrying a firearm] without a license and persons not to
possess a firearm?
Appellant’s Brief at 3 (unnecessary capitalization and emphasis omitted).
Initially, we conclude that Appellant has waived his first issue - a
discretionary aspects of sentencing claim - for two reasons. First, Appellant
did not file a post-sentence motion raising this claim before the trial court.
See Commonwealth v. Bromley, 862 A.2d 598, 603 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(“It is well settled that an [a]ppellant’s challenge to the discretionary aspects
of his sentence is waived if the [a]ppellant has not filed a post-sentence
motion challenging the discretionary aspects with the sentencing court.”).
Second, aside from stating general principles regarding our review of
sentencing claims, Appellant’s entire argument consists of the following:
Appellant argues that the trial court’s imposition of a
period of eighty-four (84) to one-hundred eighty (180) months’
incarceration is manifestly excessive, clearly unreasonable and
inconsistent with the objectives of the Pennsylvania Sentencing
Code. Appellant argues that the objectives of Section 9721(a) of
the Pennsylvania Sentencing Code could have been achieved
without the imposition of such a lengthy sentence.
…
[] Appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his
sentence by arguing that the trial court abused its discretion in
sentencing Appellant to such a lengthy period of incarceration,
given the mitigating factors of this case. Specifically, []
Appellant challenges the length of his sentence given the fact
that he has rehabilitative potential.
-2-
J-S66012-17
Appellant’s Brief at 9-10. Appellant’s cursory argument, which provides no
discussion of the mitigating circumstance of his ‘rehabilitative potential,’ is
insufficient to permit meaningful review of his sentencing claim.
Accordingly, we conclude that his first issue is waived for our review on this
basis, as well. See Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa.
Super. 2007) (“This Court will not act as counsel and will not develop
arguments on behalf of an appellant. Moreover, when defects in a brief
impede our ability to conduct meaningful appellate review, we may dismiss
the appeal entirely or find certain issues to be waived.”).
In any event, even if not waived, we would deem Appellant’s
sentencing claim meritless for the reasons set forth by the Honorable John
Garhart of the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County in his Rule 1925(a)
opinion. See TCO at 4-6. Additionally, having reviewed the certified record,
the briefs of the parties, and the applicable law, we also adopt Judge
Garhart’s well-reasoned assessment of Appellant’s challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his firearm convictions. See id. at 2-4.
Accordingly, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
-3-
J-S66012-17
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/21/2017
-4-
.• Circulated 11/27/2017 09:55 AM
CO.MMONWEALTH OF PENNS�&!R�OF R[:CORDsN THE COURT OF CO.MMON PLEA� ·
· . ": OFERIECOUNTY,PENNSYLVANIA
v. 2017 JAN 13 · PM 3: O©;RIMINAL DIVISION
.
AVERY AUVIAN KJRKSEY ERIE COUl·iT '( 2 .
CLER�� OF CCTURTS No: 187" Ol4
EFUt:. PJ-\ 16507.
1925(a) OPINiON
Januatyft
Garhart, J., 2017
Following a jury trial before The Honorable Shad Connelly, the Appellant was convicted
of Simple Assault, Recklessly Endangering Another Person, Firearms Not to be Carried Without
a License, and Persons not to Possess a Firearm. Appellant was sentenced on September 5, 2014,
, ��--t���� �gg!egate Eeriod of .ni1l�tL.(9.Q)_..to. one::hundre.d eighty. .(18.0.) .months:..incarceration.------· ._. . ·-
Appellantfailed to file any post-sentence motion or Notice of Appeal.
On July 6, 2015 Appellant filed a pro se PCRA Petition seeking. re-instatement of his
appellaterights. The PCRA Petition was denied on December 4, 2015. Appellant filed a timely .
Notice of Appeal from the Order dismissing his PCRA Petition. The Superior Court vacated the
Order of the trial court denying the PCRA Petition and remanded the case. On remand, this Court
issued an order dated November 30, 2016, reinstating the appellate rights of the Appellant and
directing him to file aNotice of Appeal within thirty (30) days. A timelyNotice of Appeal was
filed on December 22, 2016, and a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal was filed on
January 12, 2017.
Appellant bases his appeal on two issues: (1) that the Commonwealth failed to present ·
sufficient evidence to find the Appellant guilty of Firearms Not to be 'Carried Without a License
(18 Pa C.S.A. §6106), and Persons not to Possess a Firearm (18 Pa. C.S.A. §6105); and (2) that
the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing the Appellant, which sentence was manifestly
excessive, clearly unreasonable, and inconsistent with the objectives of Tue 'Sente.ncmg Code�
1
I. DISCUSSION
A. Whether the Commonwealth failed to. present sufflcien! evidence to fmd the
Appellant .guilty beyond a reasnnable doubt of Firearms Not to be Carried
Without a License (18 Pa. C.S.A. §6106), and Persons not to Possess a
Firearm (18 Pa. C.S.A. §6105)?
In Commonwealth v. Savage, 695 A.2d 820 (Pa. Super. 1997), the Superior Court
stated that:
In evaluating a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we must determine
whether, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to 'the Commonwealth
as verdict winner,· together with all reasonable inferences therefrom, the trier of
fact could have found that each and every element of the crimes charged was
established beyond a reasonable doubt.
635 A.2d 1103 (Pa. Super. 1994). Additionally, the jury as·fact-finder may "believe al), part, or
none of the evidence introduced at trial." Commonwealth v. Lawley, 741 A.2d 205, 212 (Pa;
Super. 1999). In assessing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence; the standard is well-
settled.
In applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our
judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts and circumstances
established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant's guilt may be resolved by the fact
finder unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The
Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence.
Commonwealth v. Distefano, 782 a.2d 574, 582 (Pa. super 2001)(citations and quotations.
omitted).
In the case at hand, the Appellant was convicted of one count of Firearms Not to be
Carried Without a License, which provides in relevant part:
2
......
� ,. • I
l(-!' �·-·.
,1 .' · .:
[A]ny person who carries a firearm in any vehicle or any person who carriesa firearm·
concealed on or about his person, except in his place of abode or fixed place of
business, without a valid and lawfully issued license under this chapter commits a
felony of the third degree.
(18 Pa. C.S.A. §6106). Appellant was also convicted of one count of Persons· not to Possess a
Firearm, which prohibits the possession of a firearm, whether visible or concealed, by a person
who has been convicted of certain felonies, (18 Pa. C.S.A. §6�05(a)). Both statutes require the
fact finder to be convinced, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the Appellant was in possession of
a firearm. A thorough review of the record convinces this Court that the jury was presented
with sufficient evidence to conclude that the Appellant was, in fact, in possession of a gun at
. the.Jime::.of:the-ineidentJ.n=question,-,despitecthe�facMhat�no�gtmcwas1)roduced=at=-tria1��-' ��-=·, -- •·• - ·
The Commonwealth presented the credible testimony of the victim, Gregory Cooper,
(hereinafter "Cooper") who was a participant in the events of September 23, 2013. Cooper was
sitting on his front porch when a group of teenagers began fighting outside his residence.
Cooper testified that he intervened iri the fight when he saw a young man "stomping" on the
head of a girl. N.T.,7/17/14, p. 20. Cooper chased the youngman who then fell. Standing over
him, cooper told the young man "You know, you don't stomp no girls." N.T., 7/17/14, p. 20.
The young man was a friend of Appellant. Appellant, who was among the crowd of teenagers,
approached Cooper and shoved him. Cooper admits to punching Appellant in the mouth. N.T.
p. 21. At that point, Appellant pulled the gun on Cooper. Cooper testified:
Q. How did he [Apellant] take being punched in the mouth?
A. He didn't like it. He pulled a gun out on me.
N.T., p. 21. Furthermore, Cooper testified that the gun was hidden on Appellant's person:
Q. When you saw this gun=-when you first confronted him, did you see that gun on his
person?
A. No, sir. .
Q. Where did he get the gun from?
3
A. Pulled it from his, I want to say his waist or_his pocket.
. Q. Was it concealed prior to him pulling it out?
A.Yes.
N.T., p. 21�22.
The· incident occurred in a crowd of teenagers. The Defense argued at trial that the
Commonwealth had not met its burden of proof in that it failed to present any other witnesses,
from among the crowd, to testify against the Appellant, that Cooper was an unreliable witness,
and that Cooper's testimony was uncorroborated. Furthermore, the Defense argued that the
Commonwealth's failure to produce the gun. was fatal.
In viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, as the verdict .:
•••• • -----• •-- -· ----••• ... ,:. -•-- ----•••·---··..:...:._c_.c...._;---=------'---�-'- •• _:_:_ · -
-=
•=
" " c=•=
"'--' - ·•= -
• ="-'-- "
-"-------''-r.:.-:;:-: ,·-•••••• •
winner, together with all reasonable inferences, this Court believes that the jury could have ·
found that the Appellant
. carried a gun and that he had concealed it under his clothing, before
.
pointing it at Cooper. Furthermore, this Court finds that there was sufficient evidence of every
other element of the crimes charged (including the lack of a license, the prior conviction for
felony charges, and the fact that the gun was carried outside the Appellant's abode or business)
in order for the jury to reach their conclusion beyond a reasonable doubt. See Commonwealth v.
Savage, 695 A.2d 820 (Pa. Super. 1997).
B. Whether the Court appropriately sentenced Appellant?
It is well settled that sentencing is given over to the sound discretion of the trial
Judge and that the standard on appeal is "a manifest abuse of discretion."
Sentencing is. a matter vested in the sound discretion of the sentencing judge, and
a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion.
In this context, an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an error in
judgment. Rather, the appellant must esta_blish, by reference to the record, that
the sentencing court ignored .Qr .misapplled the law, exercised its judgment for
4
reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly
unreasonable decision.
Commonwealth
. v. Rodda, 723 A.2d 212, 214 (Pa.Super, 1999) (en bane) .(internal quotations .and
citations omitted). An abuse of discretion maynot be found merely because an appellate court
might have reached ·a different conclusion, but requires "a result of manifest unreasonableness,
or partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will, or such lack of support so as to be clearly erroneous."
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A2d 162 (Pa. Super"2010)(citing Commonwealth v. Walls, 592
Pa 557,926 A.2d 957 (2007).
Where the sentencing court has the benefit of a pre-sentence report, the law presumes that
. -the-court--=:WaS::.awartHlf:Jhe.::tele:vanUnformation°'regarcling�th�·appellant!s""'oharaoter'"and�weighed·
those considerations along with the mitigating statutory factors delineated in the Sentencing
Code. Commonwealth v. Cruz-Centeno, 668 A.2d 536, 545 (Pa.Super. 1995)(quotation and
citations omitted). Having beep. fully informed by the pre-sentence report, the sentencing court's
discretion should not be disturbed. Id.
Here, the Court considered the following at time of sentencing: (1) the Pennsylvania
Sentencing Code; (2) the pre-sentence investigative report; (3) the Pennsylvania Guidelines on
Sentencing; (4) oral statements of defense counsel, the defendant, and · Attorney for the
Commonwealth. N.T. Sentencing, 09/05/14, at 12. The Court furthernoted that:
The court has considered this defendant's age, his background, his
character, and rehabilitative needs, the nature, circumstances, and seriousness of
the offense, and the protection of the community. .
The court agrees with the description of the crimes as the district attorney
has set before it. And obviously the jury found the defendant guilty of being
responsible for those actions which constitute the crimes in question.
the court is very concerned because the defendant is not a first-timer
before a criminal court or juvenile court.In 2010 the juvenile -the defendant was
adjudicated as a. juvenile delinquent on a burglary charge, which is a felony of the
first degree. And were he an adult at that time, .he would have been looking at a
possible 20 years of incarceration. But he was given an opportunity in the
5
<·:'. :.*f'
.
··?.· ..
'• ...
',\ ..
community treatment program and· then placed on probation and within
approximately a year discharged from the juvenile court. Within one month of
that discharge from the juvenile court for the burglary charge he was charged with
robbery, which was a felony two and punishable by up to ten years of
incarceration were he an adult. · ·
But, again, the defendant was adjudicated delinquent and committed to
Glenn flAills, and within approximately ·a year· released from that program and
discharged from the juvenile court. Within a year and. a half from that time as an
adult the defendant then committed these crimes, which involved the firing of a
Ioaded weapon and assaults or an assault on at least one other person.
So, in the past four years the defendant has been given. a number of
opportunities to turn his ·life around. And not only has he not done that, things
have _progressed to this point where he is now looking at charges that carry
· maximum sentences of approximately 26 years of incarceration .... And now you
have to face the consequences for those choices. And you are at this point a clear
. andpresent danger to this community, and you must be incapacitated.
· -··�·· ..
�----�- ·-·
Appellant was consequently. sentenced within the standard range of the
Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines. The sentence was not manifestly excessive or
unreasonable, but rather was consistent with the objectives of the Sentencing Code,
namely to incapacitate a clear and present danger to the community. Furthermore, the
reasons . record.
. for the sentence were clearly set forth on the
The court has discretion to impose sentences consecutively or concurrently and,
ordinarily, a ·challenge to this exercise of discretion does not raise a substantial question.
Commonwealth v, Moury, 992 A.2d at 171. The imposition of consecutive, rather than
concurrent sentences may raise a substantial question in only the most extreme
ci.J:clllilst�ces. Id. Here, the imposition of a consecutive sentence was appropriate given
the nature of Appellant's actions and in light of the fact that he was not' entitled to a
"volume discount". Commonwealth v. Hoag, 665 A.2d 1212, 1214 (Pa. Super. 1995).
6
..
n. CONCLUSION
Based on the above, this Court respectfully requests that Appellant's judgment of .
sentence be affirmed. The Clerk of Court is hereby directed to submit the record to the,
Pennsylvania Superior Court for its review.
�-'--'-'�--- ·: •.· •·········. --····· ·-·.
cc: District Attorney's Office
Emily Merski, Esq.
7