Estate of Julianna M. Gennaro Appeal of Gennaro, J

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN RE: ESTATE OF JULIANNA M. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
GENNARO, DECEASED : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: JOSEPH GENNARO :
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: No. 758 WDA 2022
Appeal from the Order Entered June 24, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Orphans’ Court at No(s): 02-20-03721
BEFORE: BOWES, J., MURRAY, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED: February 9, 2023
Joseph Gennaro (Appellant) appeals from the order denying his request
to serve as administrator of the estate of his daughter, Julianna, and granting
letters of administration to Heidi Charles, who is Julianna’s mother (Mother).
We affirm.
The orphans’ court summarized the factual and procedural case history
as follows:
Julianna M. Gennaro died, intestate, on June 24, 2020, at
the age of fifteen (15). The parents of Julianna had never married
and had long resided, separately, [M]other, residing in Allegheny
County and the father, [Appellant], residing in adjacent Beaver
County. It is not disputed that at all times pertinent to this matter,
[M]other had been the primary custodial parent of Julianna and
Julianna had resided with [M]other. Nor is it disputed that
Julianna was, at all times, a resident of Allegheny County.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Julianna’s death occurred … when she was struck by a train
near her home in Allegheny County. The death certificate
identified Julianna’s residence as the residence of [M]other on
Morgan Hollow Road, South Fayette Township, Allegheny County.
Thereafter, on August 10, 2020, [M]other caused a caveat to be
filed with the Allegheny County Department of Court Records,
Orphans’ Court Division, requesting that no letters testamentary
or letters of administration be issued without notice having first
been provided either directly to [M]other or to her counsel. On
August 13, 2020, Julianna’s father, [Appellant], caused a petition
to be filed with the Register of Wills Office in Beaver County,
Pennsylvania, entitled “Petition to Show Cause Why [Appellant]
Should Not Be Named Sole Administrator of the Estate of Julianna
Gennaro.” In that petition, [Appellant] averred that, at the time
of her death, Julianna had been a resident of Beaver County.
Approximately nine months later, on May 4, 2021, upon
consideration of preliminary objections having been filed in
response to [Appellant’s] Petition to Show Cause, the Beaver
County Court of Common Pleas Orphans’ Court directed that the
proceedings be transferred to Allegheny County. On that same
date, the Petition to Show Cause was filed with the Orphans’ Court
Division of Allegheny County on behalf of [Appellant], recaptioned,
however, as an Amended Petition for Citation. Apart from a
corrected averment that Julianna had been a resident of Allegheny
County, rather than Beaver County, at the time of her death, the
allegations set forth in the amended petition filed in Allegheny
County were substantially unaltered from those contained in the
petition that had been filed in Beaver County. In the amended
petition, the term “Beaver” had been scratched out of the original
petition and “Allegheny” had been handwritten above that scratch
out.
Subsequently, following presentation and argument before
Hearing Officer Timothy Finnerty at the Allegheny County Register
of Wills, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law were issued
regarding the Petition to Show Cause. Among the findings of fact
set forth by Hearing Officer Finnerty was that, although Julianna’s
death certificate stated that she had been a resident of Allegheny
County at the time of her death, [Appellant] had alleged otherwise
in the petition which he had earlier caused to be filed with the
Register of Wills Office in Beaver County, asserting in that petition
that Julianna was a resident of Beaver County.
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Among the further findings made by Hearing Officer Finnerty
was that [Appellant] had not seen Julianna regularly and that
[Appellant’s] actions of filing in Beaver County for his Citation to
Show Cause, signing a verification to that false pleading and
falsely portraying the amount of time he had, in fact, spent in
person with Julianna negatively affected the ability [of Appellant]
to administer the Estate. Accordingly, on April 19, 2022, Hearing
Officer Finnerty entered an order issuing [a] letter of
administration solely to [M]other. Objections to the hearing
officer’s findings of fact, conclusions of law and order and a
request for a de novo hearing before an Orphans’ Court judge
followed.
A conference went forward before the [orphans’ court] on
June 22, 2022. At that conference, counsel for [Appellant]
asserted that there was no basis on the existing record upon which
to exclude [Appellant] from an appointment as, at least, a co-
administrator of his daughter’s estate. More specifically, counsel
urged that there are four factors to be considered when
determining the fitness of an individual for appointment as an
administrator and those factors are whether the individual (1) is
a resident of Pennsylvania; (2) is insolvent; (3) has been
convicted of a crime; or (4) has a hostile interest in the matter.
That list of factors is derived from the decision in Fleming's
Estate 32 Pa. D & C 245, 252 (1938). As noted in the decision
rendered on appeal in that case, however, the bases for excluding
or removing a fiduciary are anchored in statute and may be
expressed more broadly than had been set forth in the common
pleas court opinion. [See In re Fleming's Estate, 135 Pa.
Super. 423, 427, 5 A.2d 599, 600 (1939).] …
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 9/6/22, at 1-4 (footnotes omitted).
On June 23, 2022, the orphans’ court entered an order denying
Appellant’s request for a de novo hearing on the order granting letters of
administration to Mother.1 The next day, the orphans’ court entered an order
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1The orphans’ court used a pen to cross through the language in the proposed
order drafted by Appellant’s counsel and handwrote “DENIED.” See Order,
6/23/22.
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denying Appellant’s petition for citation to show cause why the Register’s April
19, 2022, order should not be reversed. Order, 6/24/22. The orphans’ court
explained:
An uncontested fact in this case is that [] Appellant, Joseph,
opened an estate in a county that was not the last family or
principal residence of his daughter. [Appellant]’s action was, if
not deliberately contrary to law, then certainly an inexplicable
disregard of the death certificate and in gross error. For that
reason, [Appellant]’s request to be appointed administrator either
in lieu of or jointly with [M]other was denied.
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 9/6/22, at 5-6.
Appellant timely filed a single notice of appeal to both orders on June
29, 2022, and a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement on July
14, 2022.
On August 1, 2022, this Court issued a rule to show cause for Appellant
to address the appeal’s timeliness. We stated:
the orders do not appear to be final or otherwise appealable under
Pa.R.A.P. 342 (governing appealability of orphans’ court orders
and permitting appeal from enumerated orders). See, e.g.,
McCutcheon v. Philadelphia Elec. Co., 788 A.2d 345, 349 (Pa.
2002) (stating that appeal properly lies only from final order
unless otherwise permitted by rule or statute); see also Pa.R.A.P.
341(b)(1) (defining final order as one that disposes of all claims
in and parties to action); see also In re: Estate of Cherwinski,
856 A.2d 165, 166-67 (Pa. Super. 2004) … (providing that in
estate case, generally, confirmation of final account represents
final order, subject to filing and disposition of any exceptions).
Order, 8/1/22.
Appellant responded that the orphans’ court “made a final decision …
when it denied Appellant’s request for a de novo hearing and denied
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Appellant’s petition for citation to show cause why the Order granting letters
of administration should not be reversed.” Appellant’s Response, 8/15/22, at
1. Appellant emphasized his challenge to the orphans’ court’s decision that
he is “not fit to administer the Estate of his daughter, who died in a train
accident.” Id. He argued:
The Orphans’ Court granted letters of administration to [Mother]
and [she] has instituted a lawsuit relating to the incident which
caused decedent’s death. The claims adjudicated in the Orphans’
Court related solely to who would administer the Estate of
decedent. The Orphans’, Court made a final decision in this regard
when it denied Appellant’s request for a de novo hearing and
denied Appellant’s petition for citation to show cause why the
Order granting letters of administration should not be reversed.
In other words, [Mother] can administer the Estate in the
underlying lawsuit, while the Appellant has no say in the matter.
Therefore, Appellant’s claims have been disposed of.
***
The basis of Appellant’s claim is that he should be able to
administer the Estate of his daughter during the underlying
lawsuit. Once the underlying lawsuit is over, Appellant’s claims
are moot. If this Court were to quash Appellant’s appeal,
Appellant would have no right to make important decisions in the
administration of his daughter’s Estate.
Id. at 1-2 (citing In re Est. of Tigue, 926 A.2d 453, 456–57 (Pa. Super.
2007)).
On September 9, 2022, this Court entered an order quashing Appellant’s
appeal from the June 23, 2022, order. We stated,
the appeal is QUASHED in part insofar as it is taken from the June
23, 2022 order denying Appellant’s motion for de novo hearing.
McCutcheon v. Philadelphia Elec. Co., 788 A.2d 345, 349 (Pa.
2002) (reiterating that appeal properly lies only from final order
unless otherwise permitted by rule or statute); see also Pa.R.A.P.
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341(b)(1) (defining final order as one that disposes of all claims
in and parties to action).
Order, 9/9/22.
As to the June 24, 2022, order, we stated:
The rule is discharged, and the appeal shall proceed only insofar
as it is taken from the June 24, 2022 order denying Appellant’s
petition for citation to show cause. This ruling, however, is not
binding upon this Court as a final determination as to the propriety
of the appeal. The parties are advised that the issues may be
revisited by the merits panel to be assigned to this appeal, and
the parties should be prepared to address, in their briefs or at the
time of oral argument, any concerns the panel may have
concerning these issues.
Id.Appealability
We are persuaded by Appellant’s finality argument and his reliance on
In re Est. of Tigue, as well as Pa.R.A.P. 342(a)(5) (titled “Appealable
Orphans’ Court Orders” and providing “an appeal may be taken as of right …
from an order determining the status of fiduciaries, beneficiaries, or creditors
in an estate, trust, or guardianship”).2
Appellant correctly observes that the June 24, 2022, order disposed of
Appellant’s challenge to Mother’s administration of Julianna’s estate. It
appears that as administrator, Mother would impact “the status of fiduciaries,
beneficiaries, or creditors,” contrary to Rule 342.
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2Appellant cites Pa.R.A.P. 341 (Final Orders; Generally) as the basis for this
Court’s jurisdiction in his brief. See Appellant’s Brief at 1. However, in his
docketing statement, Appellant indicates that in addition to Rule 341,
Pa.R.A.P. 301 (Requisites for an Appealable Order) and 342 (Appealable
Orphans’ Court Orders) support this appeal. See Superior Court of
Pennsylvania, Civil Docketing Statement, 7/14/22, at 1.
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Moreover, we have stated:
The register’s decision to issue letters is a judicial act. Estate of
Osborne, 363 Pa. Super. 200, 525 A.2d 788, 794 n. 9 (1987). A
party contesting that act may appeal to the orphans’ court. [In
re Estate of] Dilbon, 690 A.2d [1216], 1218-1219 [(Pa. Super.
1997)]. In turn, a party challenging a ruling of the orphans’
court may, of course, appeal to this Court. See [In re
Estate of] Klink, 743 A.2d [482,] 484 [(Pa. Super. 1999)]; 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 742.
In re Est. of Tigue, 926 A.2d at 456 (emphasis added).
As indicated above, there is precedent for this Court to review a claim
that the orphans’ court improperly “determine[d] the proper individual to act
as administrator[.]” In re Est. of Klink, 743 A.2d at 485. See also Est. of
Fritz v. Fritz, 798 A.2d 243 (Pa. Super. 2002) (deciding appeal and vacating
orphans’ court order affirming Register of Wills’ grant of letters of
administration to first executor and denying letters of administration to second
executor). Most recently, we affirmed the orphans’ court order affirming the
Register of Wills’ refusal to appoint the appellant as administrator of an estate
in In re Est. of Schwartz, 275 A.3d 1032 (Pa. Super. 2022). Accordingly,
we address Appellant’s substantive issue.
Appellant’s Challenge to Mother as Administrator
Appellant presents the following question for our review:
1. Whether the trial court erred by denying Appellant’s Petition for
Citation to Show Cause Why the Register’s Order of April 19,
2022 Should Not be Reversed, when the Hearing Officer and
Trial Judge relied on facts that are immaterial to the analysis
of whether one is qualified to serve as an administrator?
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
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We have explained:
If the orphans’ court has held an evidentiary hearing, we will then
afford the court’s findings the same weight as a jury verdict, and
we will disturb the court’s decree only if it is unsupported by the
evidence or if it includes an error of law. Dilbon, 690 A.2d at
1218. However, if the orphans’ court did not take evidence,
then our appellate review is limited to determining if the
register abused its discretion. Klink, 743 A.2d at 484. An
abuse of discretion is not merely an error in judgment. In Re
Paxson Trust I, 893 A.2d 99, 112 (Pa. Super. 2006). Rather, it
involves bias, partiality, prejudice, ill-will, or misapplication of
law. Id.In re Est. of Tigue, 926 A.2d at 457 (emphasis added).
Here, the orphans’ court conducted a conference and heard argument
but did not “take evidence.” See id. We thus consider whether the Register
abused its discretion. Id.Appellant argues he was erroneously disqualified “from serving as an
administrator of his daughter’s estate on the grounds that he failed to properly
identify her county of residence.” Appellant’s Brief at 9 (citing In re Friese’s
Estate, 176 A. 225, 227 (Pa. 1934)).3 Appellant argues the decision was
based on “external factors that do not properly indicate [A]ppellant’s ability to
serve as administrator.” Id.The Register of Wills grants letters of administration pursuant to the
following statutory provisions:
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3 Mother counters: ”Appellant was not disqualified; rather, [Mother] was
determined to be the individual who would best administer the Estate.”
Appellee’s Brief at 8.
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(b) Letters of administration.--Letters of administration shall
be granted by the register, in such form as the case shall require,
to one or more of those hereinafter mentioned and, except for
good cause, in the following order:
(1) Those entitled to the residuary estate under the will.
(2) The surviving spouse.
(3) Those entitled under the intestate law as the
register, in his discretion, shall judge will best administer
the estate, giving preference, however, according to the sizes
of the shares of those in this class.
(4) The principal creditors of the decedent at the time of his
death.
(5) Other fit persons.
(6) If anyone of the foregoing shall renounce his right to letters
of administration, the register, in his discretion, may appoint a
nominee of the person so renouncing in preference to the
persons set forth in any succeeding paragraph.
(7) A guardianship support agency serving as guardian of an
incapacitated person who dies during the guardianship
administered pursuant to Subchapter F of Chapter 551 (relating
to guardianship support).
(8) A redevelopment authority formed pursuant to the act of
May 24, 1945 (P.L. 991, No. 385), known as the Urban
Redevelopment Law.
20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3155(b) (emphasis added, footnotes omitted).
We have stated:
As Section 3155 makes clear, it is the register who has the
authority and duty to issue letters. When doing so, the register
has some degree of discretion in selecting the
appointee. However, that discretion must be exercised within the
strictures of 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3155. More specifically, the register
can exercise discretion only within the class of entitled persons
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and cannot, without good cause, deviate from the order of
appointment set forth in the statute.
In re Est. of Tigue, 926 A.2d at 456 (citations omitted).
Section 3155 “preserves a register’s ability to deny letters of
administration for ‘good cause.’ 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3155(b).” In re Est. of
Schwartz, 275 A.3d at 1035. Referencing the note to § 3156, which governs
persons who are not qualified to administer an estate, we have observed that
the statutory scheme was intended to be “declaratory of existing
law [...] in allowing the register to disregard unfit persons
[citing Friese's Estate.]” 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 3156 Editor’s Note (Jt.
St. Govt. Comm. – 1949).
Id.
Our recent decision in In re Est. of Schwartz is instructive. In that
case, the appellant was a creditor of the decedent and unsuccessfully sought
appointment as administrator of the estate.4 On appeal, this Court concluded
that “the record supports a finding of good cause for the register’s decision to
deny [a]ppellant’s petition” seeking to be granted letters of administration.
Id. at 1037. Our decision was informed by the appellant’s “lack of candor.”
Id. at 1036, n.5. We stated:
Appellant did not disclose that he intervened in Decedent’s action
to set aside the tax sale, and that the matter is still pending. Nor
did Appellant disclose [the a]ppellee’s mortgage action pertaining
to the Property. ... In other words, the record supports a
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4 Appellant purchased the decedent’s home “at the upset tax sale, and
[d]ecedent’s action to set the tax sale aside, in which [the a]ppellant has
intervened, remain[ed] pending.” In re Est. of Schwartz, 275 A.3d at 1035.
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finding that Appellant was less than fully forthcoming in his
petitions.
Id. at 1036 (emphasis added, footnote omitted).
Here, the orphans’ court likewise observed:
Even if, as asserted by counsel for [Appellant], there had been no
intentional misrepresentation on [Appellant’s] part to the effect
that his daughter was residing with him in Beaver County,
[Appellant’s] averment of [Julianna’s] residence in Beaver County
was nonetheless in disregard of the Register’s Certification of
Death and indicative of either a failure to responsibly review or an
inability to comprehend that certification. The record establishes
the disconcerting fact of an unsupportable assertion under oath
that Julianna resided in Beaver County.
Orphans’ Court Opinion, 9/6/22, at 6.
The court reasoned:
The decision to exclude [Appellant] as administrator or co-
administrator rested upon the uncontroverted fact of [Appellant’s]
assertion under oath that his daughter resided in Beaver County.
Indeed, in the Petition for Citation filed on [Appellant’s] behalf it
is “denie[d] that [Appellant] knew that Decedent was a resident
of Allegheny County.” A death certificate constitutes only prima
facie evidence of its contents. Certainly, however, an application
for letters of administration, which includes the submission of a
death certificate as part of the necessary process, anticipates the
applicant’s knowledge of fundamental components of the death
certificate. An application that is inconsistent with, disregards or
indicates an incapacity to comprehend such components of the
death certificate would seem to suggest unfitness for competent
administration of an estate and incapacity to serve responsibly in
the role of administrator of an estate.
This matter concerns a Petition to Show Cause Why the
Resister’s Order of April 19, 2022, should not be reversed. The
Register awarded letters of administration to [M]other and
declined to, instead, issue letters to [Appellant]. The burden
rested with [Appellant] to demonstrate cause for setting aside the
Register’s Order. That burden consisted both of demonstrating
the unfitness of the then-current administratrix and also
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demonstrating the fitness and appropriateness of [Appellant] to
assume the role of administrator. Even assuming that it had been
demonstrated in this case that [M]other was unfit to serve as
administratrix, it would not necessarily have followed that the
[Appellant] should then, by default, be appointed as
administrator. Based on the record presented, it could not be
concluded that [Appellant] could serve responsibly as an
administrator of the estate.
Id. at 6-7 (footnote omitted).
The orphans’ court’s rationale is supported by “the record presented.”
See id. Consistent with both the record and prevailing legal authority, we
discern no abuse of discretion in the Register’s appointment of Mother as
administrator. We thus affirm the denial of Appellant’s petition for citation to
show cause why the Register’s order of April 19, 2022 should not be reversed.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/9/2023
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