In the Interest of: R.C.-E., a Minor

J-S02032-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: R.C.-E., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: J.C., MOTHER :
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: No. 931 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-DP-0002538-2015
IN THE INTEREST OF: G.C.-E., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
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APPEAL OF: J.C., MOTHER :
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: No. 932 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-DP-0002539-2015
IN THE INTEREST OF: A.M., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: J.C., MOTHER :
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: No. 933 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-DP-0001077-2013
IN THE INTEREST OF: A.M., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
J-S02032-18
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APPEAL OF: J.C., MOTHER :
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: No. 1033 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-DP-0001077-2013
IN THE INTEREST OF: R.C.-E., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: J.C., MOTHER :
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:
: No. 1034 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-DP-0002538-2015
IN THE INTEREST OF: G.C.-E., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: J.C., MOTHER :
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: No. 1035 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-DP-0002539-2015
BEFORE: BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and RANSOM*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:
FILED JULY 25, 2018
____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S02032-18
J.C. (“Mother”) appeals the orders entered on February 21, 2017,
wherein the juvenile court denied her request to remove her three children,
A.M., R.C.-E., and G.C.-E., from foster care and place them with L.F.
(“Grandmother”).1 The orders also denied Mother’s request for the juvenile
court to recuse itself from future dependency proceedings involving this
family. We quash the appeals docketed at 1033, 1034, and 1035 EDA 2017,
and affirm the orders that are the genesis of the appeals docketed at 931,
932, and 933 EDA 2017.
A.M., R.C.-E., and G.C.-E. were born during 2004, 2012, and 2013,
respectively. In October 2015, the children were adjudicated dependent, and
the Philadelphia Department of Human Services (“DHS”) placed them in foster
care. Since May 2016, all three children have resided together in their current
foster home, which is a pre-adoptive resource. Mother and Grandmother each
were granted supervised visitation. While Grandmother was not a party, she
attended the dependency hearings. DHS previously explored Grandmother
for kinship placement, but it ultimately determined that her housing was not
appropriate. Mother disputed the agency’s decision, but the juvenile court
declined to provide immediate relief. Instead, it held the matter in abeyance
and continued argument over the following two permanency review hearings.
____________________________________________
1The court entered a separate order for each child. Other than the captions
and identifying information, the three orders are identical.
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On February 21, 2017, the juvenile court held a permanency review
hearing that addressed, inter alia, 1) Grandmother’s petition to intervene
formally in the dependency proceedings; and 2) Mother’s petition to place the
three children with Grandmother. The court ultimately deemed Mother’s
entreaty as a request for judicial removal of the children from their pre-
adoptive foster home. During the ensuing proceeding, Mother proffered
several requests for the juvenile court judge to recuse himself. The recusal
requests were denied, and at the close of the evidentiary proceeding, the
juvenile court denied Mother’s motion to remove the children from their pre-
adoptive foster care.2 Additionally, the court excluded Grandmother from
attending the children’s future appointments. In pertinent part, the juvenile
court directed,
THE COURT FURTHER ORDERS: Maternal Grandmother’s
motion to intervene, and Mother’s . . . request of judge recusal
are denied. Judicial removal denied. Maternal grandmother is not
allowed to attend child’s appointments. Child to remain as
committed. Next court date must be tried contested goal change
[and] termination [of Mother’s parental rights].
....
Such disposition having been determined to be best suited
to the protection and physical, mental and moral welfare of the
child.
____________________________________________
2 The juvenile court also denied Grandmother’s petition to intervene. In a
separate, consecutively-listed appeal to this Court, the instant panel reviewed
the merits of the juvenile court’s determination and affirmed the February 21,
2017 permanency review order denying her request to intervene in the
dependency proceedings. In re A.M., 2018 WL 1979123 (unpublished
memorandum filed April 27, 2018).
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Permanency Review Order, 2/21/17, at 2.
On March 17, 2017, Mother filed timely notices of appeal from the
permanency review orders, wherein she challenged “the appropriateness of
the [children’s] permanency plan” generally. Notice of Appeal, 3/17/17. The
concomitantly filed Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement raised issues relating to, inter
alia, the denial of her request to remove the children from their current foster
home and Grandmother’s exclusion from the children’s appointments. On
March 23, 2017, we docketed Mother’s appeals consecutively at 931, 932, and
933, EDA 2017.
On the same date that we docketed the foregoing appeals, the thirtieth
day of the appeal period, Mother filed in the juvenile court three additional
notices of appeal referencing only the portion of the February 21, 2017
permanency review order that denied her requests for recusal. We listed
those appeals on the docket at 1033, 1034, and 1035 EDA 2017, and
consolidated all six appeals for disposition.
Mother presents the following questions for review:
1. Whether the lower court committed an error of law and abuse
of discretion in denying Mother[’s]request for a permanency
hearing pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351 (e).
2. Whether the lower court committed an error of law and abuse
of discretion in establishing and/or maintaining a concurrent plan
for adoption without a hearing pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351 (e).
See also, Interest of Z.V., __ A.3d __ (Pa. Super. March 23,
2017).
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3. Whether the lower court committed an error of law and abuse
of discretion by ordering Mother to prosecute a “Judicial Removal”
hearing in lieu of a permanency hearing.
4. Whether the lower court committed an abuse of discretion by
forbidding Maternal Grandmother, without cause, from continuing
to attend the children's appointments for medical and special
services.
5. Whether the lower court committed an error of law and abuse
of discretion in denying Mother[’s]request for Recusal under Rule
2.11 of the Pennsylvania Code of Judicial Conduct, on the basis
that the Court should disqualify himself from further proceedings
in this matter because his impartiality might reasonably be
questioned.
6. Whether the lower court erred denying Mothers request for
Recusal because of the appearance of bias and/or ill [will].
7. Whether the Superior Court should decline to consider the
“Factual and Procedural History” contained in the lower court
opinion because it is dependent upon statements not in evidence
below.
Mother’s brief at 4.
We review the juvenile court orders for an abuse of discretion. In re
R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010). “[T]he standard of review in
dependency cases requires an appellate court to accept the findings of fact
and credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the
record, but does not require the appellate court to accept the lower court's
inferences or conclusions of law.” Id.At the outset, we discuss the procedural posture of these overlapping
appeals. First, as it relates to Mother’s second, superfluous appeal challenging
only the trial court’s denial of her requests for recusal, those appeals should
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be quashed. Since the only appealable juvenile court docket entries in these
cases were the February 17, 2017 permanency review orders, which Mother
timely appealed at 931, 932 and 933 EDA 2017, the subsequent appeals listed
at 1033, 1034, and 1035 EDA 2017 are redundant. Thus, we are obligated to
quash those appeals. See, e.g., Neidert v. Charlie, 143 A.3d 384, 387 n.3
(Pa.Super. 2016) (summarily disposing premature and duplicative appeal);
Gates v. Gates, 967 A.2d 1024, 1026 n.1 (Pa.Super. 2009) (“We quash the
appeal listed on our docket at 1026 WDA 2008 because it is duplicative of the
appeal Mother filed at 1023 WDA 2008.”); Corbett v. Weisband, 551 A.2d
1059 (Pa.Super. 1988) (quashing one of two appeals filed from same
judgment entered in favor of same defendant).
Moreover, assuming arguendo that Mother’s first timely appeal
subsumed her subsequent claim that the juvenile court erred in denying her
various requests for the juvenile court judge to recuse from the dependency
proceedings, we could not address that argument herein because issues
relating to the denial of a motion to recuse are interlocutory. See Haviland
v. Kline & Specter, P.C., 2018 PA Super 67 (March 22, 2018) (discussing
settled principle that order denying motion to recuse judge from further
proceedings is interlocutory). Mother’s instant challenges to the trial court’s
decision to deny her entreaties to recuse are premature appeals that are
neither appealable as of right under Pa.R.A.P. 311 nor collateral orders under
Pa.R.A.P. 313. Accordingly, for both of the foregoing reasons, the appeals
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docketed at 1033, 1034, and 1035 EDA 2017 must be quashed. Hence, we
do not address the merits of the fifth and sixth issues leveled in Mother’s
statement of questions involved.
The merits of the remaining appeals are reviewable. In H.S.W.C.-B.,
our Supreme Court addressed the finality of permanency review orders and
concluded that dependency orders granting or denying status changes are
considered final when entered, even though the dependency proceedings
continue to progress. The pertinent facts of that case follow. The juvenile
court denied the petition filed by Child and Youth Services (“CYS”) to change
the permanency goals of two children from reunification to adoption. We
quashed CYS’s ensuing appeal because the permanency review order was an
interlocutory order that merely maintained the status quo. The High Court
reversed, reasoning, “[m]aintaining the status quo could put the needs and
welfare of a child at risk.” Id. at 910. It further developed, “the denial of
goal changes which are in the best interest of the child should not be sheltered,
permanently, from independent review[.]” Id.
As it relates to the salient issue in the case at bar, the High Court
continued, “[f]oster care may be the status quo, but to allow these children
to languish in foster care not only defies common sense, but it is contradictory
to the applicable law and to the best interest of the children. . . . Without
appellate review, [a] scenario [where children grow up in an indefinite state
of limbo] could be perpetuated, denying children much-needed permanency.”
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Id at 910-11 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Hence, the
Court concluded that, although the order denying CYS’s request for a goal
change maintained the status quo for the children in foster care, “an order
granting or denying a status change, as well as an order terminating or
preserving parental rights, shall be deemed final when entered.” Id. at 911.
Thus, the High Court reversed our decision to quash the appeal.
Recently, in In Interest of N.M., 2018 PA Super 119 (filed May 4,
2018), this Court confronted the appealability of a juvenile court order that
denied the parents’ request to change their child’s placement from foster care
to kinship care with the paternal grandmother. In dicta, the N.M. Court
cabined the application of H.S.W.C.-B. to goal change orders and purported
to exclude from its scope orders altering foster placement. After quoting the
relevant portion of the Supreme Court’s discussion in H.S.W.C.-B., the N.M.
Court simply stated, “[u]nlike the mother in H.S.W.C.–B., who requested a
goal change, Parents here requested a placement change—from foster care to
kinship care. Thus, we do not find H.S.W.C.–B. controlling.” N.M., supra at
* 7.3
____________________________________________
3 We observe that the N.M. Court omitted from its discussion any
considerations regarding the risk of harm associated with failing to confront
the order on appeal without delay, and it neglected to provide a cogent
explanation regarding why an order relating to a child’s safety in foster
placement should be viewed differently from an order granting or denying a
goal change when both orders affect the status quo. As set forth in H.S.W.C.-
B., a dependency order is immediately reviewable if waiting for the entry of a
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Significantly, however, notwithstanding its discussion of H.S.W.C.-B.,
the N.M. Court proceeded to the merits of the order denying the parents’
placement request and affirmed it. We reasoned that, since this Court had
consolidated the parent’s initial appeal with their subsequent appeal from the
goal change order, it could review the orders collectively. 4 Thus, the N.M.
Court’s brief analysis of our Supreme Court’s holding in H.S.W.C.-B. is dicta
insofar as it was not essential to its ultimate decision to uphold the merits of
the order declining to alter the child’s foster placement. As our High Court
reiterated, “dicta is an opinion by a court on a question that is directly
____________________________________________
final order will cause a child to languish in a potentially unsafe condition. The
N.M. Court’s analysis ignores this reality. More importantly, it espouses a
distinction between goal change orders and placement orders without
engaging in even a superficial inquiry regarding the effect of maintaining the
status quo on the child’s best interest, which is the paramount consideration
in dependency proceedings.
4 The N.M. Court’s discussion concerning the reviewability of interlocutory
dependency orders was inaccurate insofar as it referenced the termination of
parental rights, rather than the goal change order, as the cornerstone of what
it styled as the “permanency appeals.” The Court plainly conflated goal
change orders with decrees terminating parental rights. As we have
previously explained, goal change proceedings under the Juvenile Act and the
involuntary termination of parental rights under the Adoption Act are distinct
actions asserted under the authority of different statutes and argued in
different divisions of the Court of Common Pleas. In re Adoption of B.R.S.,
11 A.3d 541, 545 n.3 (Pa.Super. 2011). Thus, dependency matters are not
incorporated into termination of parental rights appeals by design, and this
Court does not mechanically review a dependency record as part of an appeal
from the termination of parental rights. Indeed, unless a concomitant goal
change order is specifically appealed and consolidated with the termination of
parental rights appeal, we do not address dependency matters in termination
of parental rights cases.
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involved, briefed, and argued by counsel, and even passed on by the court,
but that is not essential to the decision.” Castellani v. Scranton Times,
L.P., 124 A.3d 1229, 1243 n.11 (Pa. 2015) (emphasis added) (quoting Valley
Twp. v. City of Coatesville, 894 A.2d 885, 889 (Pa.Cmwlth. 2006)). As
dicta has no precedential value, we are not bound the N.M. Court’s brief
rationale. Id. Accordingly, pursuant to H.S.W.C.-B., we review the merits
of Mother’s remaining arguments that challenge (1) the manner that the
juvenile court conducted the February 2017 hearing; and (2) the court’s
decision to maintain the status quo with respect to the children’s foster
placement.
We address collectively the first, third, and fourth issues that Mother
raised in her questions presented for review, and after a thorough review of
the certified record, the parties’ briefs and the pertinent law, we affirm the
February 21, 2017 orders on the basis of the cogent and well-reasoned opinion
entered on May 24, 2017, by the distinguished Judge Joseph Fernandes.
Specifically, the certified record supports the juvenile court’s conclusion that
“[t]he court heard testimonial evidence that overwhelmingly supported that
the Children should not be removed from the care of the foster family.” Trial
Court Opinion, 5/24/17, at 11. Similarly, the record supports the juvenile
court’s determination that precluding Grandmother from attending the
children’s appointments in Mother’s stead promotes the children’s best
interest. See id. at 12 (“In order to ensure that Mother took responsibility
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for attending the Children’s appointments, [Grandmother] was ordered not to
attend any further appointments for the Children.”).
Mother’s final issue relates to the juvenile court’s recitation of fact in the
“Factual and Procedure Background” section of the Rule 1925(a) opinion. As
this issue necessarily was omitted from the Rule 1925(b) statement that
Mother filed concomitant with the notices of appeal, it is unreasonable to find
the argument waived in these circumstances. Nevertheless, Mother’s
complaint is unavailing. Stated plainly, regardless of any purported
deficiencies with the juvenile court’s recitation of the factual and procedural
histories, our review of the certified record confirms that the evidence
supports the court’s decision to deny Mother’s request to alter the children’s
foster placement. Thus, we do not disturb the orders denying the requested
relief.
Thus, for all of the foregoing reasons, we quash the appeals listed at
1033, 1034, and 1035 EDA 2017, review the merits of the issues that relate
to the appeals docketed at 931, 932, and 933 EDA 2017, and affirm the
juvenile court’s orders based upon Judge Fernandes’s comprehensive opinion
entered in these cases on May 24, 2017.
Orders affirmed.
Judge Nichols concurs in the result.
Judge Ransom did not participate in the consideration or decision of this
case.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/25/18
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Circulated 07/13/2018 10:32 AM
Received 8/28/2017�48:38 PM Superior Court Eastern District
Filed 8/28/2017 11 :48:38 PM Superior Court Eastern District
. 931 EDA 2017
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FOR THE COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA .. . .......
·.. ·�
FAMILY COURT DIVISION
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In the Interest of R. c.-E., a minor CP-51·DP·0002538-2015
In the Interest of G. C.-E., a minor CP.51-DP-0002539-2015
In the Interest of A, M., a minor CP-51-DP-0001077-2013
51-FN·002084-2013
APPEAL of: J.C., Mother 931/932/933 EDA 2017
OPINION
Fernandes, J.:
Appellant J.C. ("Mother") appeals from the order entered on February 21, 2017, denying
Mother's request for a judicial removal in regards to A. M. ("Child 1"), R C.-E. ("Child 2"), and
G. C.-E. ("Child 3") (collectively "Children") pursuant to 42 Pa. C. S. A. §6351(e). Maureen Pie,
Esq., counseJ for Mother, filed a timely Notice of Appeal with a Statement of Matters
Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Rule 1925(b). Mother's counsel also filed a separate
Notice of Appeal for the same order with a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal
pursuant to Rule 192S(b) in which Mother appeals the trial court's denial of Mother's request
for Court Recusal.'
Factual and Procedural Background:
This family became known to OHS in May 2013 due to concerns for the safety and welfare of
the Children's sibling ("Sibling"). OHS received allegations that the Child 2's father ("Father'')
was physically abusive to Child 1, Child 2, and Sibling. DHS learned that Sibling, who suffered
from a brain tumor, had sustained bruises on her chest and there were concerns that she
was physically abused. Sibling was admitted to the hospital due to her illness on May zz,
I Mother's second appeal should be quashed or consolidated. Under Pa. R. A. P. § 1925, a statement of errors
complained of on appeal shall be filed concomitantly with the notice of appeal addressing complained of errors
in the trial court's order. Mother's counsel filed two separate Notices of Appeal and Statements of Matters
Complained of on Appeal for each child from the same order. Therefore, the matters complained of on the
second Notice of Appeal and Statements of Matters Complained of on Appeal for each child should be quashed.
Page 1 of 12
2013. On May 23, 2013, Child 2 was admitted to the hospital after his x-rays revealed that
he had sustained one to three possible acute rib fractures. The Children's mother ("Mother")
indicated that she did not know how Child 2 was injured but believed that his injuries may
have been caused by a hyperactive twelve-year-old neighbor. Father denied blackening
Child l's eye in the past. Neither Mother nor Father could explain Child 2's rib fractures or
Sibling's bruises. DHS learned that Child 1 was truant; she had thirty-six unexcused absences
and seven late arrivals during the 2012-2013 school year, and sixty-four unexcused absences
and nine late arrivals during the 2011�2012 school year. OHS also learned that Mother
suffered from bipolar disorder, but was not taking her medication due to her pregnancy with
Child 3. DHS received allegations that Mother and Father used marijuana. On May 23, 2013,
DHS obtained an Order for Protective Custody ("OPC") for Child 1 and she was placed in
foster care through Episcopal Community Services. On May 24, 2013, a shelter care hearing
was held for Child 1 at which the OPC was lifted and temporary commitment to DHS was
ordered to stand, On July 2, 2013, Child 1 was adjudicated dependent, the temporary
commitment was discharged, and DHS was ordered to supervise Child l's care after
reunification with Mother. The court also ordered that Mother be referred to the Behavioral
Health System ("BHS") for an evaluation and consultation; that DHS conduct home visits
twice a week; that Mother comply with all services; that Mother permit the child advocate to
enter the home; and that Functional Family Therapy ("FFT") be implemented in Mother's
home forthwith. On September 30, 2013, Child 3 was born and Mother named Father as
Child 3's father. On December 9, 2013, the court discharged DHS supervisions and the
dependent petition for Child 1. On June 16, 2014, DHS received a General Protective Services
("GPS") report alleging that on June 9, 2014, Child 1 was found in Center City, Philadelphia;
that Child 1 was wandering and crying; that Child 1 did not know her address or telephone
number; that Child 1 could only provide the name of her school; that Child 1 wastransported
to her school by police; and that the police had obtained Child 1 's home address. Mother was
contacted by the school at the end of the day. When questioned, Mother claimed she thought
Child 1 was on the school bus that morning. Child 1 was returned to Mother's care in
September 2013. Child 1 was diagnosed with a learning disability, was enrolled in special
education classes, and had an Individualized Education Plan ("IEP"). Child 1 also had a
history of memory retention problems. Mother failed to ensure that Child 1 was safe on the
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school bus and that she arrived safely. The report was found to be valid. On June 21, 2014,
DHS learned .that Sibling had stage four brain cancer and was receiving bi-monthly oncology
treatments, Mother also informed DHS that the Children had not seen their primary care
physician in about a year. On September 3, 2014, DHS filed dependent petitions for Child 1
and Sibling due to concerns for their safety and welfare, On October 15, 2014, an
adjudicatory hearing was held for Child 1 and Sibling; Child 1 and Sibling were adjudicated
dependent and DHS was ordered to supervise their care. The court also ordered that DHS or
the assigned Community Umbrella Agency ("CUA") explore parenting classes for Mother;
that CUA explore appropriate in-home services for Children and Sibling; that Mother ensure
that the Children and Sibling attend all medical appointments; and that Mother be referred
to BHS for consultation and evaluation. On November 5, 2014, the CUA Asoclaclon
Puertorriquefios en Marcha ("APM") visited Mother's home and learned that Child 1 was
enrolled in a fourth grade special education class, was diagnosed with autism, and that she
received speech therapy and life skills services at school. Mother also notified APM that she
attended mobile family therapy; that she had issues regarding her housing and landlord; and
that she had a bed bug infestation. APM and DHS attempted to visit Mother's home from
December 2, 2014, to February 18, 2015, but Mother refused to allow them to enter the
home. On February 25, 2015, APM visited Mother's home and observed stains on the walls
from the extermination, carpet/rug residue on the floors, and other repair projects in
progress. Mother informed APM that she was not paying rent and Intended to relocate. That
same day, the initial CUA Single Case Plan ("SCP") was developed. The goal for the Children
was to remain in the home. CUA noted that the Children were at risk of removal and
placement absent effective preventative services. Mother's SCP objectives were to comply
with CUA services; to cooperate with all parties involved with her case; to continue services
with the Child Guidance Family First Program; to stabilize her mental health issues; to
continue to receive therapy, comply with all recommendations of her therapists, and
participate in a scheduled mental health evaluation; to continue with all mental health
services with the Family First Program; to stabilize her children's health issues; to ensure
that all medical appointments for all of her children were kept; and to ensure that Sibling's
special needs were met. On March 30, 2015, APM visited Mother's home and observed that
Child 1 had two red marks on her face and one on her head which seemed to have scarring
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or bruising around the mark On June 10, 2015, Child 1 was reunited with Mother and the
dependent petition was discharged. On August 26, 2015, DHS received a GPS report alleging
that Mother, Children, and Sibling were evicted from their home; that the family had
temporarily resided at an extended stay hotel and that. Family-Based Services had obtained
a storage locker for Mother's possessions and paid the hotel bill through September 2, 2015;
that Mother's housing plan was not established; that Sibling was gravely ill and receiving
daily treatment at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (''CHOP"); that Sibling used a
wheelchair and was extremely weak; Sibling slept and ate often due to her medication; that
Mother was resistant to signing consent forms, residing in a shelter, and utilizing parenting
skills and Early intervention services for Child 2 and Child 3; and that Sibling would likely be
unable to reside In the shelter due to her compromised immune system. The report alleged
that Mother received her income on the first day of every month; that Mother indicated that
she was able to obtain housing; that Mother recently lost her housing due to a fraudulent
landlord and lost $2400 on August 5, 2015; and that Mother refused to enter a shelter
because Children and Sibling's grandmother was unable to move with the family. The report
also alleged that Child 1 was diagnosed with autism; that Child 2 and Child 3 had
undiagnosed developmental delays; that Children and Sibling had prior exposure to lead;
that Mother had a history of mental health issues; that Mother received Supplemental
Security Income ("SSI") benefits for Sibling; that Child l's application for benefits was
incomplete; that Father was abusive towards the Children and Sibling; and that Mother had
prior evictions which prevented her from obtaining suitable housing. The report was found
to be valid. On August 26, 2015, DHS visited Mother, Children, and Sibling at the hotel and
offered to pay for the family to reside there for two more weeks, but Mother refused. Mother
agreed to obtain a housing application from the Office of Supportive Housing ("OSH"). On
August 27, 2015, OHS contacted Mother, who informed them that she and all the children
were residing at a friend's home. DHS visited the house on the next day and determined that
the home was appropriate for the care of the children. On September 11, 2015, DHS learned
that Mother had been evicted from the friend's home after an argument, but Children and
Sibling remained in the care of the friend. DHS also visited Mother's home and determined
that her home was not appropriate for the Children and Sibling; Mother admitted that she
had not gone for the application from OSH. On September 14, 2015, the friend contacted
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DHS and stated she was unwilling to allow the children to continue their residence in her
home. On September 15, 2015, DHS obtained OPC's for the Children and Sibling. Sibling was
admitted to CHOP and the Children were placed in foster care through APM. At a shelter care
hearing held on September 16, 2015, the court lifted the OPC and ordered the temporary
commitment to stand. The court further ordered that Mother be referred to the Achieving
Reunification Center ("ARC") for housing; that Mother be referred to the Clinical Evaluation
Unit ("CEU") for a drug screen and assessment with dual diagnosis consideration; that
Mother may have supervised visits with the Children at the agency; that the terms of
Mother's visits could be modified by agreements of the parties; and that Mother sign any
paperwork needed to assist DHS in planning and caring for the Children. Mother tested
positive for marijuana on September 16, 2015. That same day, an initial SCP was developed
and Mother's objectives were to obtain appropriate housing for the family; to comply with a
referral to ARC; to cooperate with CUA services, including visits, communication, signing
documents, etc.; to receive mental health treatment; and to submit to a mental health
evaluation and comply with treatment and recommendations. On October 1, 2015, Child 1
was adjudicated dependent for the second time, while Child 2 and Child 3's dependent
matters were continued and their temporary commitment was ordered to stand. The court
ordered that Mother was permitted to have two-hour supervised visits with the Children,
twice per week at the agency; that visits were to begin immediately; that the terms of
Mother's visits may be modified by agreement of parties; that Mother be re-referred to the
CEU for a forthwith drug screen. Mother's drug screen was positive for marijuana on October
6, 2015. On October 7, 2015, Child 2 and Child 3 were adjudicated dependent and committed
to DHS. Mother was ordered for a forthwith drug screen, an evaluation with dual diagnosis,
and monitoring to include three random drug screens prior to the next court date; that DHS
refer Mother for a Parenting Capacity Evaluation; that Mother sign all appropriate release
and consent forms; and that Mother comply with all medical requests. On January 4, 2016,
January 61 2016, and February 17, 2016, Mother tested positive for marijuana. On April 5,
2016, the CEU completed a progress report for Mother which showed that she rescheduled
her court ordered drug and alcohol assessment multiple times before finally attending on
March 21, 2016, at which time she refused to submit to a urinalysis causing the assessment
to remain incomplete. At the April 6, 2016, permanency hearing, the court ordered that the
Page 5 of 12
Children remain committed to DHS; that Mother's visitation may j:)e further modified by
agreement of parties; that Mother provide APM with her work schedule; that Mother be
referred to the CEU for an assessment, forthwith drug screen, and three random drug
screens; that Mother comply with the appointment for a Parenting Capacity Evaluation on
April 22, 2016; that Mother be referred to BHS for monitoring, consultation and evaluation;
thatAPM was permitted to sign IEP requests unless Mother agreed to sign within forty-eight
hours; that Mother sign all consents for the Children; and that APM assist Mother with
transportation for services. On July 22, 2016, Sibling passed away. On September 22, 2016,
Mother's SCP objectives were modified so Mother was to attain reunification with the
Children; to comply with a referral to ARC; to keep all visits with the Children; to cooperate
with CUA services, including visits, communication, and signing documents; to confirm all
visits with her Children twenty-four hours in advance; to obey all court orders; to attend the
CEU for an assessment pursuant to the court's order; to comply with any recommendations
made as a result of the CEU evaluation; to comply with requests for random drug screens
within twenty-four hours of the request; to provide proof of individual therapy pursuant to
the court's order; and to reschedule the second part of the Parenting Capacity Evaluation.
The Children are currently placed with foster parents in a safe, permanent, and pre-adoptive
home. The Children call the foster parents HM om" and "Dad." (N .T. 2/21/17, pgs. 59-60). The
foster mother testified that she takes them to their routine medical appointments. (N.T.
2/21/17, pgs, 60-61). Child 2 receives specialty appointments and Child 1 attends treatment
for autism at SPIN. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs, 62-64). The foster mother testified that the Children
are excited to see both their maternal grandmother ("MGM'') at the beginning of visits and
their foster parents at the end of the visits. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 65). The foster mother also
testified that Child 1 recently returned from a visit with her mother ("Mother'') and indicated
that Mother told her that the foster mother was trying to buy her love by taking her to the
movies and on vacations. The foster mother testified that Child 1 has since been acting unlike
herself. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 67-68). Child 2 also informed the foster mother that Mother told
him to tell the judge that his foster brother hits him and shows him inappropriate material
on the television. (N .T. 2/21/17, pg. 68). The foster mother testified that when she asked
Child 2 whether he had seen anything wrong on the television, he said he had not and had
Page6 of12
just seen dolphins and music videos. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs, 74·75). After a doctor's
appointment, Child 1 came home upset and tearful, asking when she would meet with the
judge. When asked why she was upset, Child 1 told the foster mother that MGM had told her
she had to tell the judge that she wanted to live with Mother and MGM. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs.
71-72). When Child 1 asked whether she would be allowed to live with Mother and MGM,
the foster mother told her she would talk to the case manager, but it was not a decision that
the foster mother could make. After which, the foster mother testified that she brought Child
1 downstairs for some ice cream and television. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 72· 73).
A CUA case aid from APM who supervised visits between the Children and Mother and MGM
testified that she had absolutely no concerns about the foster parent. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 88·
92). The APM supervisor to the case aid testified that the case aid and another worker
reported that Mother, Child 1 and the case aid met in a separate room for an hour and it was
mentioned that the foster brothers were picking on Child 1 and calling her names. (N.T.
2/21/17, pgs. 97-98, 122, 131). The allegation was investigated and APM determined that it
was not sufficient to remove the Children from the foster parents' home. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg.
98-99). Another CUA worker testified that she characterized the foster brother's picking on
Child 1 as a sibling picking on another sibling. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 134). The only concern
brought to the supervisor regarding Child 2 was that his hair was not done, but discussion
on the subject showed that he did not like his hair braided so it was instead kept in a ponytail.
(N .T. 2/21/17, pgs, 100-101). Child 3 had recently been taken to the doctor for a new eczema
cream prescription which was slowly clearing up a rash. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 100). The APM
supervisor testified that there had not been any active investigation since she was assigned
the case in July 2016. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 100, 102). The APM supervisor also testified that
placement with the foster parents over MGM is in the best interests of the Children because
they have been with the foster parents for about ten months and are bonded to them. (N.T.
2/21/17, pgs. 107-108).
MGM testified that Child 1 was not getting the therapy that she needs and that Child 1 should
have been in therapy for autism before, rather than just starting recently. (N.T. 2/21/17,
pgs. 148-149). MGM also testified that Child l's clothes are dirty and her hair is not done
when attending visits. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 151). MGM also claims that Child 1 indicated that
Page 7 of 12
she wanted to live with either MGM or Mother, not the foster parents. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg.
153). MGM also claimed that Child 1 indicated that the foster mother was bribing her with
cellular phones and taking her places in order to convince her to stay there. (N.T. 2/21/17,
pgs. 154-155). MGM claimed that Child 2 comes to visits without his hair done, using curse
words, and saying that the foster mother hits him. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 156-157). MGM
testified that Child 2 showed her a bruise on his leg that he indicated came from the foster
mother hitting him with a slipper. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 157). MGM also testified that Child 3
has been cursing and she complained that the foster mother was hitting her on the butt and
legs. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 160). MGM also testified that Child 3's eczema was not being taken
care of and looked irritated. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 161). MGM testified that she reported all
incidents to the APM supervisor. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 152, 155, 157·158).
Mother testified that she agreed with all of the issues laid out by MGM. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg.
179). Mother testified that Child 3 dances inappropriately for a three year old and claimed
that the foster mother taught her to dance that way. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 179). Mother also
testified that Child 3 comes to visits dirty and often has accidents from confusion in her potty
training. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 181). Mother testified that Child 1 does not do her homework
and attends school with an odor; Mother indicated that she called the school to find this
information, (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 183). Mother testified that Child 1 still has difficulty
understanding the death of Sibling and thinks she can visit with Sibling. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg.
184). Mother testified that she is concerned that Child 1 is not receiving therapy outside of
her school counselor. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 186). Mother also testified that Child 1 toJd her that
the foster mother and CUA informed her that she was no longer allowed to speak to Mother.
(N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 192-193). Mother testified that CUA was notified about each incident by
conversation and testimony at prior court hearings, but no one followed up with her about
them. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 180, 182). Mother also testified that she is unable to attend all of
Child l's appointments due to work, but MGM attends all of the Children's appointments.
(N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 199-200). The DHS witnesses were unwavering and credible, though
Mother and MGM were not
Discussion:
Page 8 of 12
Mother raises the following errors on appeal:
1. That the lower court committed an error of law and abuse of discretion In denying
Mother's request for a permanency hearing pursuant to 42 Pa. C. S. § 6351 (e).
2. That the lower court committed an error oflaw and abuse of discretion in establishing
and/or maintaining a concurrent plan for adoption without a hearing pursuant to 42
Pa. C. S. § 6351 (e). See also, In Re Z.V., 1211 EDA 2016, Memorandum Opinion J-
S89032-16, January 24, 2017, Motion to Publish GRANTED February 17, 2017.
3. That the lower court committed an error of law and abuse of discretion by ordering
Mother to prosecute a "[udicial Removal" hearing in lieu of a permanency hearing.
4. That the lower court committed an error of law and.abuse of discretion by forbidding
Maternal Grandmother, without cause, from continuing to attend the children's
appointments for medical and special services.
Mother's issues 1, 2, and 3 will be consolidated as: Did the trial court err or abuse its
discretion when it held a review hearing as to whether it was in the best Interest of the
Children to be removed from their pre-adoptive foster home, and maintained the concurrent
plan for adoption? Mother's issue 4 will be dealt with on its own merit.
A court may conduct permanency hearings for the purpose of determining or reviewing the
permanency plan of the child and whether placement continues to be best suited to the
safety, protection and physical, mental and moral welfare of the child. lli 42 Pa. C.S.
§6351(e). A change in a child's permanency goal is governed by the Pennsylvania Juvenile
Act at a permanency review hearing. ·� 42 Pa. C.S. §63S 1 (f). The trial court must focus on
the Children and determine the goal in accordance to the Children's best interests, not those
of the parents. In re S.B .. 943 A.2d 973, 978 (Pa. Super.2008). "Safety, permanency and well-
being of the child musttake precedence over all consideration. "Sef: id. (Citing In re N.C.,
909 A2D 8/8, 823 (Pa. Super. 2006)). Section 6351 (f) lists matters to be determined at a
permanency hearing2. An important aspect of permanency review hearings is the
2The Juvenile Act controls the disposition of dependent children. Section 6351 (f) Matters to be determined at
permanency hearing. At each hearing. the court shall:
( 1) determine the continuing necessity and appropriateness of the placement;
Page 9 of 12
appropriateness of the placement as well as whether the current placement goal for the child
is appropriate and feasible. (42 Pa. C.S. §6351(f)(1) and (4)).
At the time of this review hearing, Child 1 had already been in OHS care two times. Child 1,
the oldest child, has been in care for twenty months and the younger children, Child 2 and
Child 3, have been in care for seventeen months. The City Solicitor filed termination and goal
change petitions on December 16, 2016. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs, 9-10). It was Mother's counsel's
allegations that the pre-adoptive foster home was not appropriate and it was in the best
interests of the Children to be moved to MGM. However, the trial court had already heard
extensive testimony about the efforts that CUA had made to investigate MGM as a possible
kinship 'resource for all the Children at the review hearing on December 19, 2016. After
hearing the testimony, the trial court found that maternal cousin's home, with whom MGM
lives, is not appropriate for kinship. (N.T. 12/19/161 pgs, 57, 59). Consequently, the review
hearing on February 21, 2017, was limited in scope to the appropriate placement of the
Children as requested by Mother's counsel. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 52; N.T. 12/19/16, pgs. 97-
98, 100). It should be noted that at the time of the February 21, 2017, hearing, the case was
in compliance with the Juvenile Act, whereby a permanency hearing Is to occur every six
months. (42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)). The last permanency review hearing had been on
December 19, 2016. The court, therefore, did not err or abuse its discretion in limiting the
scope of the February 21, 2017, permanency review hearing to placement and testimony
regarding removal of the Children from the pre-adoptive foster home.
The Children are in a safe, permanent, and pre-adoptive home. The Children call the foster
parents "Mom" and "Dad." (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 59-60). The foster parents take care of all the
Children's needs. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs, 60-61, 72-73, 107·108). The foster parents also make
sure that the Children attend all of their medical appointments. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs, 60-64).
Child 3 had recently been to the doctor for a new prescription of eczema cream, which was
(2) determine the appropriateness, feasibility and extent of compliance with the permanency plan
developed for the child;
(3) determine the extent of progress made toward alleviating the circumstances which necessitated
the original placement;
( 4) determine the appropriateness and feasibility of the current placement goal for the child;
(5) project a likely date by which the goal for the child might be achieved;
(6) determine whether the child is safe.
Page 10 of 12
slowly clearing up her rash. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 100). The APM supervisor testified that the
Children have been with the foster parents for about ten months and are bonded to them.
(N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 107-108). Mother and MGM testified that the Children were arriving to
visits dirty and they complained of being hit by the foster mother. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs, 156·
157, 160, 179, 181). MGM and Mother's testimony relate almost the same concerns that
previously had been heard by the trial court at the extensive permanency review hearing on
December 19, 2016. (N.T. 2/21/17, 148-158, 179-186). Mother admitted to such and that
there was no follow up. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 180, 182). However, the APM supervisor
testified that prior investigations showed that there was not a sufficient showing that
necessitated a removal of the Children from the home. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 98-99, 100, 102).
The CUA case aid from APM also testified that she had absolutely no concerns about the
foster parent. (N.T. 2/21/17, pgs. 88-92). The court heard testimonial evidence that
overwhelmingly supported that the Children should not be removed from the care of the
foster family. (N. T. 2/21 /17, pgs. 107 · 108). The Children are still in the least restrictive
placement that meets the needs of the Children and no other least restrictive alternative is
available. The Children's placement with the foster parent is appropriate. The Chl1dren are
safe, and it is in their best Interests to remain with the foster parents. The trial court did not
err or abuse its discretion when it found that the Children should not be removed from the
home.
The goal plan for the Children on February 21, 2017, was stil1 reunification with Mother. A
goal change had not yet occurred. The Court noted at the end of the hearing that the goal
had only been changed at the SCP level, not by the court. (N.T. 2/21/17, pg. 209). However,
since the trial court properly found that the Children should not be removed from their pre·
adoptive home, a concurrent goal of adoption would not be improper.
Standing in a dependency proceeding is granted to a person if the person is a parent of the
children, stands in loco parentis to the children, or cares for or controls the child. ill J.n...rQ
J.P., 832 A.2d 492 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2003): In re LL 691 A 2d 520 (1997). Mother was ordered
to attend the Children's medical appointments, once scheduled. As the Children's Mother,
Mother has authority to sign any releases or consents necessary for the Children's medical
needs and well-being. MGM does not have standing to participate in the dependency
Page 11 of 12
proceeding as she is not a parent of the Children, does not stand in loco parentls to the
Children, and does not care for or control the Chl1dren. MGM does not have any authority to
sign any releases or consents for the Children. In order to ensure that Mother took
responsibility for attending the Children's appointments, MGM was ordered not to attend
any further appointments for the Children. In addition, MGM's attendance of the Children's
medical appointments, speclflcally Child l's medical appointments, causes distress to the
Children as evidenced by testimony. MGM was having inappropriate conversations with
Child 1 about the case to influence the child to request the trial court to return to Mother and
also live with MGM. (N.T, 2/21/17, pgs. 71�72). The trial court found that Mother and MGM
were not credible. Therefore, the trial court did not err or abuse its discretion when it
forbade MGM from attending any further doctor's appointments for the Children.
Conclusion:
For the aforementioned reasons, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that
the Children should not be removed from their pre-adoptive home. It is in the Children's
best interest to remain with their current foster parent Similarly, the trial court did not
abuse its discretion when it ordered MGM not to attend the Children's medical appointments.
Accordingly, the Order entered on February 21, 2017, should be affirmed.
B=�
�
.
Joseph Fernandes, J.
��
Page 12 of 12
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FOR THE COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA
FAMILY COURT DIVISION
In the Interest of R. C.-E., a minor
In the Interest of G. C.·E., a minor CP-51-DP-000253 9· 2 015
In the Interest of A. M., a minor CP-51-DP-0001077-2013
51-FN-002084-2013
APPEAL of: J.C., Mother 931/932/933 EDA 2017
Proof of Service
1 hereby certify that this court is serving today, May 24, 2017, the enclosed Opinion upon
the following persons:
Katherine Holland, Esq.
City of Philadelphia Law Department
1515 Arch Street, 16th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Attorney for DHS
Lisa Barrimond, Esq.
1441 Sansom Street
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Attorney for Appellee/Children
Maureen Pie, Esq.
8 Summit Street, Suite 200
Philadelphia, PA 19118
Attorney for Appellant/Mother, J.C.
Edelina Schuman, Esq.
2811 Ogden Street
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Attorney for Father
By:tl�i�
Vijaya.Sigh� U
Law Clerk to the Hon. Joseph Fernandes
Philadelphia Family Court
1501 Arch Street, Suite 1431
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Telephone: (215) 686-2660