Norman, D. v. Temple University Health

J-A09017-19
2019 PA Super 135DEREE J. NORMAN, ADMINISTRATOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
FOR ESTATE OF LYDIA F. SHEARLDS, : PENNSYLVANIA
DECEASED :
:
Appellant :
:
:
v. :
: No. 2456 EDA 2018
:
TEMPLE UNIVERSITY HEALTH :
SYSTEM D/B/A TEMPLE UNIVERSITY :
HOSPITAL, SCOTT R. BEAUDOIN, :
M.D., BRIAN BRADY, M.D., DANIEL J. :
BURKE, M.D., CHANDRA DASS, M.D., :
EDWARD DORAZIO, M.D., DAVID J. :
EDWARD, M.D., TAMIM S. :
KHADDASH, M.D., CHUL KWAK, M.D. :
AND JANE C. YOON, M.D. :
Appeal from the Order Entered July 13, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at
No(s): 170303647
BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., MURRAY, J., and PELLEGRINI*, J.
OPINION BY MURRAY, J.: FILED APRIL 29, 2019
Deree J. Norman (Appellant), Administrator of the Estate (Estate) of
Lydia F. Shearlds, Deceased (Decedent), appeals pro se from the order
dismissing his complaint because, as a pro se individual, he is precluded from
representing Decedent’s estate. We affirm.
Appellant is Decedent’s son and the administrator of her estate.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Appellant has two brothers. Trial Court Opinion, 10/31/18, at 1. On or about
April 4, 2015, Decedent was admitted to Temple University Hospital, “possibly
. . . due to complications with emphysema,” and she died the following day.
Id. at 2. The trial court summarized:
Appellant claimed that [Appellee] Dr. Jane C. Yoon committed
medical malpractice by improperly inserting [the Decedent’s]
feeding tube [and] that [Appellee] Temple University Health
System edited [the Decedent’s] medical records to censor her
treatment history. Appellant sought representation from two law
firms in pursuit of a medical malpractice claim [but they both
declined representation.] Appellant filed this lawsuit pro se on
March 31, 2017.
Id.
Appellant’s complaint named ten defendants — Temple University
Health System d/b/a/ Temple University Hospital; Scott R. Beaudoin, M.D.;
Brian Brady, M.D.; Daniel J, Burke, M.D.; Chandra Dass, M.D.; Edward
Dorazio, M.D.; David J. Edward, M.D.; Tamim S. Khaddash, M.D.; Chul Kwak,
M.D.; and Dr. Yoon (collectively, Appellees) — and raised claims of negligence
and fraud. “Appellant included documentation of the . . . Estate’s insolvency
as well as Appellant’s failure to procure legal representation,” and the trial
court granted Appellant in forma pauperis status. Trial Court Opinion,
10/31/18, at 2; Order, 4/12/17. Over the next nine months, Appellees and
Appellant filed, respectively, alternating preliminary objections and amended
complaints. Appellees also filed an answer to the amended complaint.
On January 3, 2018, the trial court entered an order stating that no
individual may represent an estate pro se, and staying the case for 60 days
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to allow the Estate to retain an attorney or prove that Appellant is its sole
beneficiary. Order, 1/3/18, citing In re Estate of Rowley, 84 A.3d 337, 341-
342 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013) (discussed infra).
Appellant filed a notice of appeal, and on February 27, 2018 — while the
appeal was pending — filed a petition in the trial court to extend the stay. On
March 12, 2018, this Court sua sponte quashed the appeal because the
January 3, 2018 order was not final or appealable. Norman v. Temple
University Health System, 466 EDA 2018 (per curiam order) (Pa. Super.
Mar. 12, 2018).
On March 27, 2018, the trial court granted Appellant’s petition to extend
the stay and permitted him an additional 60 days to obtain counsel.1 Order,
3/27/18. On May 30th, however, Appellees filed a motion to dismiss, averring
that: (1) more than 60 days had passed since the trial court’s March 27th
order; (2) Appellant’s third amended complaint indicated that he was not the
Estate’s sole beneficiary; and (3) Appellant had failed to secure counsel.
Appellant filed a response along with a memorandum of law, arguing that:
(1) the trial court improperly relied on In re Estate of Rowley, which was
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1 It was improper for Appellant to file his March 27, 2018 petition to extend
the stay because his appeal before this Court was pending. See Pa.R.A.P.
1701(a) (generally, after an appeal is taken, the trial court may no longer
proceed further in the matter). Nevertheless, we do not disturb the trial
court’s March 27, 2018 order, which was issued after the appeal was quashed
and jurisdiction remanded to the trial court.
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both outdated and distinguishable from this case; and (2) the trial court should
have considered Rellick-Smith v. Rellick, 147 A.3d 897 (Pa. Super. 2016),
which Appellant interpreted to permit pro se representation of an estate.
Appellant also inferred, without explanation, that he had a First Amendment
“right to redress the charges in his Complaint.” Appellant’s Memorandum of
Law in Support of Response in Opposition to Appellees’ Motion to Dismiss,
6/19/18, at 6.
On July 13, 2018, the court entered the underlying order granting
Appellees’ motion to dismiss and dismissing all of Appellant’s claims.
Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, and Appellant and the trial court have
complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. The trial court issued an opinion on October
31, 2018.
Appellant presents five issues for this Court’s review:
1. Did the Trial Court fail to fully analyze, conceptualize and or
comprehend that the decision in Estate of [Rowley] when
applied to a personal injury matter instead of an Estate matter it
violates [sic] . . . Appellant’s rights established by the First
Amendment of the Constitution?
2. Did the Trial Court fail to fully analyze, conceptualize and or
comprehend that the decision in Rellick-Smith v. Rellick more
accurately addresses the representation of an Estate
Administrator in a personal injury matter involving a deceased
testator?
3. Did the Trial Court fail to fully analyze, conceptualize and or
comprehend the vast difference between a personal injury matter
and an inheritance matter[?]
4. Is the appearance of impropriety pertinent in relation to the
Court’s overzealous assertion of an affirmative defense on behalf
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of Appellees only after Appellant identified the insufficiency of
Appellees’ answer to a complaint?
5. Did the Trial Court fail to exercise an equal level of due diligence
in seeking out a precedent that would not restrict Appellant’s
representation of his mother[?]
Appellant’s Brief at 1.
Preliminarily, we note that Appellant’s pro se brief fails to discuss
pertinent legal authority. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) (argument section of brief
shall present such discussion and citation of authorities as are deemed
pertinent); see also Wilkins v. Marsico, 903 A.2d 1281, 1284 (Pa. Super.
2006) (“This Court may quash or dismiss an appeal if the appellant fails to
conform to the requirements set forth in the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate
Procedure. [Pa.R.A.P. 2101.]”). Although Appellant’s five-page argument
includes a few citations to legal authority, it does not explain what legal
principles are embodied in the citations, or how they apply to this appeal.
Furthermore, although Appellant’s statement of questions involved raises five
issues, the argument section of his brief presents eight issues. See Pa.R.A.P.
2119(a) (argument shall be divided into as many parts as there are questions
to be argued). We remind Appellant: “Although this Court is willing to liberally
construe materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status confers no special
benefit upon the appellant. To the contrary, any person choosing to represent
himself in a legal proceeding must, to a reasonable extent, assume that his
lack of expertise and legal training will be his undoing.” Wilkins, 903 A.2d at
1284-1285 (citations omitted).
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On appeal, Appellant first avers that “the airing of grievances is a
constitutional [First Amendment] right” and a “requirement” imposed by the
court “without the unfettered access to a means to fulfill said requirement is
a contradiction of an individual’s constitutional rights.” Appellant’s Brief at 5.
Appellant further asserts that “the subjective requirement that imposed on
Appellant to hire counsel [in order to represent the Estate] violates Appellant’s
In Forma Pauperis status.” Id. at 7. Appellant states that he is “not
attempting to invoke a Sixth Amendment right,” but is “challenging the Court
to provide the Amendment to the Constriction that requires any person to hire
an attorney in the course of redressing a civil matter.” Id.
In rejecting Appellant’s claim that his constitutional rights were violated,
the trial court noted that Appellant cited “no evidence in support of the
argument that [the] Order violated his First Amendment rights.” Trial Court
Opinion, 10/31/18, at 4. The court also observed that while the Sixth
Amendment guarantees legal representation in a criminal matter, that right
does not extend to civil law suits. Id. at 7.
Upon review, we conclude that Appellant’s constitutional claims are
waived because they are undeveloped and lack citation to pertinent legal
authority. See Pa.R.A.P. 2101, 2119(a); Wilkins, 903 A.2d 1284. As noted
above, Appellant has not cited any authority suggesting that a litigant has a
constitutional right to representation by an attorney in a civil matter.
Appellant additionally contends that the trial court erred in finding that
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Appellant could only represent the Estate pro se if he were the only
beneficiary, and reasons, “the number of beneficiaries should have no effect
on the ability to proceed.” Appellant’s Brief at 6. Appellant further claims that
because this case is not an inheritance matter, but instead a personal injury
case, the trial court erred in relying on Estate of Rowley, and should have
applied Rellick-Smith. Id. at 9. Although only marginally developed, we
discern the essence of this argument; in addition, Appellant has provided
some legal authority. Accordingly, we will address the merits. See Wilkins,
903 A.2d at 1284.
Our standard of review of a trial court’s dismissal of a complaint is an
abuse of discretion. Coulter v. Ramsden, 94 A.3d 1080, 1086 (Pa. Super.
2014) (citation omitted).
Judicial discretion requires action in conformity with law on facts
and circumstances before the trial court after hearing and
consideration. Consequently, the court abuses its discretion if, in
resolving the issue for decision, it misapplies the law or exercises
its discretion in a manner lacking reason. Similarly, the trial court
abuses its discretion if it does not follow legal procedure.
Id. (citation omitted).
In In re Estate of Rowley, an individual who was the administrator of
his late mother-in-law’s estate, filed a pro se petition in the trial court to
vacate a county judicial tax sale of the decedent’s property. In re Estate of
Rowley, 84 A.3d at 339. The trial court dismissed the petition on the basis
that the pro se son-in-law/administrator was engaging in the unauthorized
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practice of law by representing the estate.2 Id.On appeal, the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court affirmed.3 The Court
first noted that generally, “non-attorneys may not represent parties before
the Pennsylvania courts and most administrative agencies.” In re Estate of
Rowley, 84 A.3d at 340. The Court considered Harkness v. Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review, 920 A.2d 162 (Pa. 2007), in which our
Supreme Court set forth factors for determining whether a person could
represent another’s interests before an administrative agency:
whether the proceedings by design are intended to be brief and
informal, not intended to be intensely litigated; whether the
evidentiary rules apply; the amounts generally at issue in
proceedings of that type; whether there is prehearing discovery;
whether normally only questions of fact and not complex legal
issues are involved; and whether the fact-finder is not required to
be a lawyer.
Id. at 341 (footnote omitted). The Commonwealth Court also considered two
federal decisions which held that a non-attorney could not represent a family
member’s estate. Id., citing Pridgen v. Andresen, 113 F.3d 391, 393 (2nd
Cir. 1997) (administratrix of an estate “may not proceed pro se when the
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2 The trial court first granted the administrator/son-in-law 60 days to retain
counsel before dismissing his petition. In re Estate of Rowley, 84 A.3d at
339.
3While “[t]his Court is not bound by decisions of the Commonwealth Court[,]
such decisions provide persuasive authority, and we may turn to our
colleagues on the Commonwealth Court for guidance when appropriate.”
Petow v. Warehime, 996 A.2d 1083, 1089 n.1 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citation
omitted).
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estate has beneficiaries or creditors other than the litigant [as] the action
cannot be described as the litigant’s own, because ‘the personal interests of
the estate, other survivors, and possible creditors will be affected by the
outcome’ of the proceedings”); Williams v. USP-Lewisburg, 2009 WL
4921316 at *2 (M.D. Pa. 2009) (“Like a corporation, an estate can only act
through an agent; in this case, and administrator.”). The Rowley Court
concluded: “Given the complex legal issues that may arise during the
representation of an estate . . . prohibiting a non-attorney from representing
an estate is essential to protecting the interests of the public.” In re Estate
of Rowley, 84 A.3d at 342.
In Rellick-Smith, the two defendants gained power of attorney over
the affairs of their relative prior to the relative’s death. Rellick-Smith, 147
A.3d at 899. Five months later, the relative created two certificate of deposit
(CD) accounts, in the names of herself, the two defendants, and a third
relative (the plaintiff). Id. Three years later, unbeknownst to the plaintiff,
the defendants acted under their power of attorney and removed the plaintiff’s
name from the CDs. Id. The relative subsequently died — becoming the
decedent — and the two defendants withdrew all of the money in the CDs.
Id. The plaintiff filed a complaint in the Orphans’ Court, alleging that she was
entitled to one-third of the value of the CDs. Id. at 898-899. The Orphans’
Court dismissed her complaint, finding that the plaintiff lacked standing to
sue, as she had “not pled that she is the personal representative of the
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[decedent’s] estate, which would allow [her] to request an accounting and
audit of the [defendants’] use of [their] authority under the [power of
attorney].” Id. at 903. On appeal, this Court disagreed and vacated the
Orphans’ Court order. Id. at 904. We held that “the Orphans’ Court erred in
ruling that only the decedent or her personal representative had standing to
challenge the [d]efendants’ change of the beneficiary designation under the
CDs,” and concluded that the plaintiff “had standing to challenge the propriety
of the [d]efendants’ unilateral action, as agents under the” power of attorney.
Id.
Instantly, the trial court observed that Rellick-Smith did not reverse
Rowley, and was factually distinguishable. Trial Court Opinion, 10/31/18, at
12-13. The court observed that in Rellick-Smith, “the plaintiff had standing
to file her suit pro se because she was enforcing her own rights as a beneficiary
of the trust [and] not enforcing or asserting any rights of the trust or estate
itself.” Id. at 12. Conversely, the trial court determined that Appellant’s case
is controlled by In re Estate of Rowley, where “the Commonwealth Court
held that the estate itself could not be represented in a lawsuit by a
beneficiary pro se where other beneficiaries and creditors existed.” Id. at 12-
13 (emphasis in original).
On appeal, Appellant does not address the trial court’s discussion of
Rellick-Smith, and instead presents the same conclusion — without a
developed legal argument — that the trial court rejected. Upon review, we
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hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in applying In re Estate
of Rowley — even though that case addressed a pro se administrator’s
standing to litigate before a state agency — to preclude Appellant’s pro se
representation of the Estate. See Coulter, 94 A.3d at 1086.
Appellant additionally argues that because he has not claimed to be a
lawyer, he cannot “be accused of practicing law.” Appellant’s Brief at 7. The
trial court rejected his argument:
This claim is the exact definition of the unauthorized practice of
law. Appellant is attempting to represent the . . . Estate.
Appellant is not a licensed attorney. As such, Appellant’s attempts
to represent the . . . Estate constitute an unauthorized practice of
law.
Trial Court Opinion, 10/31/18, at 8. Consonant with In re Estate of Rowley,
we agree. It is irrelevant whether Appellant held himself out to be a licensed
attorney; the dispositive fact is that Appellant, who is not an attorney, filed a
complaint on behalf of, and endeavored to represent, the Estate in this
litigation. Accordingly, Appellant’s claim does not merit relief.
Appellant’s final issues concern an alleged deficiency in Appellees’
answer to Appellant’s amended complaint. Appellant argues that the answer
“contain[ed] mere denials of” his complaint’s averments, and that Appellees
untimely filed a verification by Appellee Dr. Edward. Appellant’s Brief at 7-8.
The trial court acknowledged that Appellees’ answer did not initially include
Dr. Edward’s verification, but found that where nine physicians were sued,
and Appellees subsequently praeciped to attach Dr. Edward’s verification to
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subsequent filings, “the failure to attach the verification of one doctor out of
the nine involved in this matter was de minimus in nature.” Trial Court
Opinion, 10/31/18, at 10 (also noting “Pennsylvania jurisprudence allows a
party to correct verification errors.”). Although we discern no abuse of
discretion in the trial court’s determination, we decline to address it further
because of our holding that the trial court properly dismissed Appellant’s
complaint on the basis that he was precluded from representing the Estate
pro se.
For the reasons stated above, we affirm the order of the trial court. See
In re Estate of Rowley, 84 A.3d at 341-342.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/29/19
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