Com. v. Colton, R.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
RONALD EUGENE COLTON :
:
Appellant : No. 798 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered April 25, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-08-CR-0000027-2016
BEFORE: OLSON, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED: MAY 24, 2019
Ronald Eugene Colton appeals from the order denying him relief under
the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. Colton
claims, inter alia, the judgment of sentence imposed following his guilty plea
to the offense of failure to comply with registration requirements1 is
unconstitutional. We reverse the order of the PCRA court and remand for
proceedings consistent with this memorandum.
In August 2013, Colton pled guilty under a separate docket number to
one count of invasion of privacy,2 based on his conduct in October 2012.3 The
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4915.1(a)(1).
2 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 7507.1(a)(1).
3 Colton took photographs of his girlfriend’s minor daughter through a
bathroom window.
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court sentenced Colton to one year of probation. Colton did not file a direct
appeal.
In January 2016, the Commonwealth filed charges against Colton for
failure to comply with registration requirements, and the case was assigned
the instant docket number. The Commonwealth alleged that because Colton
had been convicted of invasion of privacy in 2013, he was obligated to register
with the Pennsylvania State Police pursuant to the Sexual Offender
Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10-
9799.42. SORNA classifies invasion of privacy as a Tier I sexual offense, see
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9799.14(b)(10), and imposes certain registration requirements
on sexual offenders. See id. at § 9799.15. The Commonwealth alleged that
Colton failed to register his address with the Pennsylvania State Police within
three days after his release from jail in December 2015,4 and failed to update
the registration number on his vehicle within three days.
Colton pled guilty to one count of failure to comply with registration
requirements. The court sentenced him on June 16, 2016, to a mandatory
minimum of two years’ incarceration, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9718.4(a)(1)(i),5 and a maximum of seven years’ incarceration. Colton did not
appeal.
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4 Colton registered nine days after his release.
5 This statute was held unconstitutional in Commonwealth v. Blakney, 152
A.3d 1053, 1056 (Pa.Super., filed Dec. 16, 2016). As we vacate Colton’s
judgment of sentence, we need not address the application of the mandatory
minimum.
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Within a year after his sentencing hearing, on May 12, 2017, Colton filed
a timely pro se PCRA petition. The PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed
multiple amended petitions. The PCRA court denied relief on April 25, 2018,
and Colton appealed.
Colton presents the following issues:
I. Given that Ronald Colton committed the crime of invasion of
privacy after [SORNA] was enacted on December 20, 2011 but
before its December 20, 2012 effective date, was it an ex post
facto application of SORNA, in violation of the Federal and
Pennsylvania Constitutions, to prosecute Ronald Colton for an
alleged untimely registration under SORNA?
II. Was Ronald Colton subject to SORNA, given the date he
committed the crime of invasion of privacy?
III. Did SORNA violate both the Federal and Pennsylvania
Constitution due process clause[s] because the statute was vague
and misleading as to when the statute began to apply to sexual
behavior[?]
IV. Was Ronald Colton’s SORNA guilty plea unlawfully induced?
V. Given that Ronald Colton plead guilty to a SORNA registration
violation, was sentenced for said violation and never appealed, is
Ronald Colton now precluded from contending that the said plea
and sentence needs to be set aside because the application of
SORNA to Ronald Colton in this case violates both the ex post facto
clause of the United States Constitution and Pennsylvania
Constitution?
VI. Was Ronald Colton’s trial attorney ineffective in permitting and
encouraging Mr. Colton to plead guilty?
Colton’s Br. at 4 (answers below omitted).
Colton argues that his sentence for failure to comply with registration
requirements is unconstitutional because he engaged in the conduct leading
to his invasion of privacy conviction in October 2012, before the December
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2012 effective date of SORNA, and when no similar registration requirements
applied to a conviction for invasion of privacy. Thus, Colton argues, application
of SORNA would be in violation of the ex post facto clauses of the state and
federal constitutions, as the Pennsylvania Supreme Court announced in
Commonwealth v. Muniz, 164 A.3d 1189, 1193 (Pa. 2017) (OAJC), cert.
denied sub nom. Pennsylvania v. Muniz, 138 S.Ct. 925 (2018). Colton also
alleges that he received no notice that he would be subjected to SORNA
registration requirements when he pled guilty to or was sentenced for invasion
of privacy.6 He thus argues his 2016 conviction for violating SORNA violates
his due process rights. Colton argues that because SORNA registration
requirements do not apply to his sentence for invasion of privacy, he is eligible
for PCRA relief because his plea of guilty to the offense of failure to comply
with registration requirements was unlawfully induced and was not knowing,
intelligent, or voluntary; was the result of ineffective assistance of counsel;
and resulted in an unconstitutional and unlawful sentence. See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9543(a)(2)(i), (ii), (iii), (vii).
SORNA was enacted in December 2011 and took effect in December
2012. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has declared that “SORNA’s
registration provisions are punitive and . . . retroactive application of SORNA’s
registration provisions violates the federal and state ex post facto clauses.”
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6 Because Colton’s conviction for invasion of privacy is not before us, the
certified record for that case has not been transmitted.
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Commonwealth v. Greco, 203 A.3d 1120, 1123 (Pa.Super. 2019) (citing
Muniz, 164 A.3d at 1193).7 This Court has subsequently held that “for
purposes of our ex post facto analysis, it is SORNA’s effective date, not its
enactment date, which triggers its application,” and “application of SORNA to
sex offenders for offenses committed before its effective date violates the ex
post facto clauses of the United States and Pennsylvania Constitution.”
Lippincott, 2019 PA Super 118 at *5-6.8
The retroactive application of SORNA implicates the legality of a
sentence. Greco, 203 A.3d at 1123. We may assess the legality of a sentence
sua sponte, provided we have jurisdiction. Lippincott, 2019 PA Super 118 at
*2 n.6.9 In Commonwealth v. Rivera-Figueroa, 174 A.3d 674 (Pa.Super.
2017), this Court held Muniz announced a substantive rule of law that “should
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7 “While Muniz is not a majority decision, the concurring opinion joins the
Supreme Court’s lead opinion to the extent it concludes that SORNA is punitive
and that it was unconstitutional as applied to the appellant, in violation of both
state and federal ex post facto prohibitions.” Commonwealth v. Lippincott,
___ A.3d ____, 2019 PA Super 118 at *4 (Apr. 15, 2019) (en banc).
8In response to Muniz, SORNA has been amended to distinguish the reporting
requirements for those who committed offenses prior to its December 2012
effective date from the requirements for those who committed offenses
between the effective date of Megan’s Law in 1996 and the effective date of
SORNA in 2012. See Commonwealth v. Bricker, 198 A.3d 371, 375-76
(Pa.Super. 2018).
9 The issue of the legality of a sentence is not waived by the entry of a guilty
plea. See Commonwealth v. Main, 6 A.3d 1026, 1028 (Pa.Super. 2010);
see also Class v. U.S., 138 S.Ct. 798, 807 (2018) (holding guilty plea does
not bar defendant from challenging the constitutionality of the statute of
conviction).
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be retroactively applied in state collateral courts to comply with the United
States and Pennsylvania Constitutions.” 174 A.3d at 678. Collateral relief
premised on Muniz is only available via a timely PCRA petition. See Greco,
203 A.3d at 1125 (holding declaration that defendant was not subject to
SORNA was an untimely request for PCRA relief); see also Commonwealth
v. Johnson, 200 A.3d 964, 966-67 (Pa.Super. 2018); Commonwealth v.
Murphy, 180 A.3d 402, 405 (Pa.Super.), appeal denied, 195 A.3d 559 (Pa.
2018).
Here, Colton filed a PCRA petition within one year from the date his
judgment of sentence became final. His petition was thus timely, and brings
the constitutionality of his sentence squarely within the jurisdiction of this
Court. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1), (3); Greco, 203 A.3d at 1123.
Colton committed invasion of privacy in October 2012, prior to the
December 2012 effective date of SORNA, when no reporting requirements
were attached to that offense. Although Colton did not commit the offense
until after the 2011 enactment of SORNA, and although he was not sentenced
until August 2013, after SORNA took effect, our precedent has established
that application of SORNA to Colton’s sentence for invasion of privacy is
retroactive and unconstitutional. Muniz, 164 A.3d at 1193; Lippincott, 2019
PA Super 118 at *6. Colton’s conviction for failure to comply with SORNA’s
registration requirements must therefore be vacated. See Commonwealth
v. Wood, ___ A.3d ____, 2019 PA Super 117 at *8 (Apr. 15, 2019) (en banc)
(vacating judgment of sentence following guilty plea for failure to comply with
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registration requirements due to retroactive application of SORNA).
Accordingly, we reverse the order of the PCRA court denying relief and remand
for proceedings consistent with this memorandum.
Order reversed. Case remanded for proceedings consistent with this
memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date:5/24/2019
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