Com. v. Ortiz, V.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
VICTOR A. ORTIZ :
:
Appellant : No. 564 MDA 2022
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 17, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-06-CR-0003306-2019
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and NICHOLS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: FILED: FEBRUARY 22, 2023
Appellant Victor A. Ortiz appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed following his convictions for firearms not to be carried without a
license, discharge of a firearm into an occupied structure, and recklessly
endangering another person (REAP).1 Appellant challenges the sufficiency of
the evidence supporting his convictions. We affirm.
The underlying facts of this matter are well known to the parties. See
Trial Ct. Op., 6/30/22, at 1-6. Briefly, Appellant was arrested and charged
with multiple offenses after a firearm was recovered from a vehicle during a
traffic stop. See id.
At trial, the Commonwealth presented testimony from several
witnesses, who stated that shots were fired into an occupied rowhome at 515
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1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 6106(a)(1), 2707.1(a), and 2705, respectively.
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Perry Street in Reading, Pennsylvania at approximately 3:30 a.m. on March
9, 2018. N.T. Trial, 3/14/22, at 8. The owner of the home woke up after
hearing gunshots and noticed damage to his residence that was consistent
with bullet holes. Id. at 12-16.
The Commonwealth also presented then-Reading Police Department
Officer Yisleidy Minaya, who testified that she was on routine patrol on March
9, 2018, at approximately 3:30 a.m. Id. at 23. At that time, Officer Minaya
testified that she received a call that shots were fired into a nearby home and
that the vehicle involved in the shooting was a black Toyota Prius. Id. at 24-
25. Officer Minaya stated that approximately five minutes after the initial
report, she observed a vehicle matching that description and initiated a traffic
stop. Id. at 25-27. Upon her approach, Officer Minaya observed that there
were two people in the front seats and that Appellant was the only person
occupying the back seat of the vehicle. Id. at 29, 31-32.
After Reading Police Officer James Gresh arrived at the scene, the
officers instructed the occupants to exit the vehicle and conducted a search.
Id. at 32. As a result of the search, police recovered a small Taurus .45 caliber
firearm from the trunk area directly behind the rear seat on the driver side,
which was wrapped in a piece of clothing and the “slide was locked back as if
it was completely used, out of ammunition.” Id. at 33, 69-70.
Both officers testified that the trunk was easily accessible from the rear
passenger seat. Specifically, Officer Minaya described the vehicle as having
an “open trunk” that is “easily accessible from the rear seat” and stated that
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a person seated in that area could reach into the trunk. Id. at 33. Officer
Minaya also explained that she did not observe Officer Gresh having any
difficulties putting down one of the rear seats in order to access the trunk from
the rear seating area. Id. at 36. During cross-examination, Officer Minaya
further described the vehicle as a hatchback where there was no cover
stretched between the rear seat and the hatch. Id. at 57. Additionally, Officer
Gresh testified that the trunk is “easily accessible from the rear of the vehicle.
There’s nothing preventing you from reaching the trunk.” Id. at 69-70.
Ultimately, a jury convicted Appellant of the above-referenced
offenses.2 On March 17, 2022, the trial court imposed an aggregate sentence
of 52 months to 132 months’ incarceration, to be followed by a period of 24
months’ probation. Appellant did not file any post-sentence motions. On April
12, 2022, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. Both Appellant and the
trial court complied with the mandates of Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether there was sufficient evidence to sustain the conviction
on the charge of firearms not to be carried without a license
where the Commonwealth failed to establish beyond a
reasonable doubt that the Appellant was even in physical
possession of a Taurus PT145PRO firearm while inside a black
Toyota Prius or was even aware that a Taurus PT145PRO
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2 The Commonwealth also charged Appellant with conspiracy to commit the
following offenses: firearms not to be carried without a license, discharge of a
firearm into an occupied structure, and recklessly endangering another
person. See generally 18 Pa.C.S. § 903. The jury acquitted Appellant of the
conspiracy charges.
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firearm was located inside the trunk area of the black Toyota
Prius?
2. Whether there was sufficient evidence to sustain the conviction
on the charge of discharge of a firearm into an occupied
structure where the Commonwealth failed to establish beyond
a reasonable doubt that the Appellant fired a Taurus PT145PRO
firearm into a residence located at 515 Perry Street, Reading,
PA while inside a black Toyota Prius as no witness observed
where from inside the vehicle the shots came from or if the
Appellant was actually inside the vehicle at the time of the
reported shots fired?
3. Whether there was sufficient evidence to sustain the conviction
on the charge of [REAP] where the Commonwealth failed to
establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the Appellant fired a
Taurus PT145PRO firearm into a residence located at 515 Perry
Street, Reading, PA while inside a black Toyota Prius as no
witness observed where from inside the vehicle the shots came
from or if the Appellant was actually inside the vehicle at the
time of the reported shots fired?
Appellant’s Brief at 5-6 (formatting altered).
Initially, we note that although Appellant raises three issues for review,
he has only included one argument section in his brief. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a)
(stating that “[t]he argument shall be divided into as many parts as there are
questions to be argued”). Additionally, Appellant’s entire argument section is
dedicated to his first claim of error concerning firearms possession, and there
is no discussion regarding his remaining claims. See Commonwealth v.
Martz, 232 A.3d 801, 811 (Pa. Super. 2020) (stating that “[t]he Rules of
Appellate Procedure state unequivocally that each question an appellant raises
is to be supported by discussion and analysis of pertinent authority” (citations
omitted)). Therefore, although Appellant’s failure to comply with the Rules of
Appellate Procedure does not impede our review of Appellant’s first issue, we
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conclude that Appellant’s second and third issues are waived. See
Commonwealth v. Levy, 83 A.3d 457, 461 n.2 (Pa. Super. 2013) (declining
to find waiver on the basis of the appellant’s failure to comply with the Rules
of Appellate Procedure where the errors did not impede this Court’s review);
Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa. Super. 2007) (explaining
that when an appellant fails to properly raise and develop issues in briefs with
arguments that are sufficiently developed for our review, we may dismiss the
appeal or find certain issues waived). Our disposition is without prejudice to
Appellant’s right to raise a collateral challenge to his convictions.
In his first claim, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence
supporting his conviction for carrying a firearm without a license. Appellant’s
Brief at 26-27. In support, Appellant argues that “at most, the evidence
showed that he was merely present in another person’s vehicle that contained
a weapon[.]” Id. Appellant notes that “the recovered firearm was not
registered to [] Appellant and his fingerprints were not found on it.” Id. at
27. Further, he asserts that his “access to and control over the area in which
the weapon was found was equal to either the driver or the front seat
passenger.” Id. Finally, Appellant argues that the firearm was not in plain
sight and was instead found after police searched the trunk of the car. Id.
Therefore, Appellant concludes that there is insufficient evidence to establish
constructive possession. Id.
In reviewing Appellant’s claim, our standard of review is as follows:
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The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence
is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light
most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence
to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond
a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we may not weigh
the evidence and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In
addition, we note that the facts and circumstances established by
the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be
resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and
inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may be
drawn from the combined circumstances. The Commonwealth
may sustain its burden of proof of proving every element of the
crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly
circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test,
the entire record must be evaluated and all the evidence actually
received must be considered. Finally, the trier of fact while
passing on the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the
evidence produced, is free to believe all, part[,] or none of the
evidence.
Commonwealth v. Bragg, 133 A.3d 328, 330-31 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation
omitted).
Pursuant to Section 6106 of the Crimes Code, “[a]ny person who carries
a firearm in any vehicle or any person who carries a firearm concealed on or
about his person, except in his place of abode or fixed place of business,
without a valid and lawfully issued license under this chapter commits a felony
of the third degree.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106(a)(1). “[T]o establish a violation of
[S]ection 6106, the Commonwealth must establish that a defendant acted
intentionally, knowingly or recklessly with respect to each element . . . .”
Commonwealth v. Scott, 176 A.3d 283, 291 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citations
and quotation marks omitted).
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The Commonwealth may meet its burden by proving constructive
possession beyond a reasonable doubt and may do so using circumstantial
evidence of a defendant’s possession of the item at issue. Commonwealth
v. Bowens, 265 A.3d 730, 741 (Pa. Super. 2021) (en banc), appeal denied,
279 A.3d 508 (Pa. 2022). This Court has defined constructive possession as
follows:
Constructive possession is a legal fiction, a pragmatic construct to
deal with the realities of criminal law enforcement. Constructive
possession is an inference arising from a set of facts that
possession of the contraband was more likely than not. We have
defined constructive possession as conscious dominion. We
subsequently defined conscious dominion as the power to control
the contraband and the intent to exercise that control. To aid
application, we have held that constructive possession may be
established by the totality of the circumstances.
Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 67 A.3d 817, 820 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation
omitted).
“The evidence must show a nexus between the accused and the item
sufficient to infer that the accused had the power and intent to exercise
dominion and control over it.” Commonwealth v. Peters, 218 A.3d 1206,
1209 (Pa. 2019) (citation omitted). “Dominion and control means the
defendant had the ability to reduce the item to actual possession immediately
or was otherwise able to govern its use or disposition as if in physical
possession.” Id. (citations omitted). Further, a defendant’s power and intent
to control does not need to be exclusive. See Commonwealth v. Johnson,
26 A.3d 1078, 1094 (Pa. 2011) (explaining that “constructive possession may
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be found in one or more actors where the item in issue is in an area of joint
control and equal access” (citation and brackets omitted)).
However, our Supreme Court has cautioned that “[m]ere presence or
proximity to the contraband is not enough.” Peters, 218 A.3d at 1209
(citations omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Parrish, 191 A.3d 31, 37
(Pa. Super. 2018) (stating that “the location and proximity of an actor to the
contraband alone is not conclusive of guilt. Rather, knowledge of the
existence and location of the contraband is a necessary prerequisite to proving
the defendant’s intent to control, and, thus, his constructive possession”
(citations omitted)).
Here, the trial court addressed Appellant’s claim as follows:
In the instant matter, viewing the record in the light most
favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict-winner, we find
that the evidence was sufficient to secure a conviction of Appellant
on the charges to which the jury found him guilty. Appellant was
found as the rear seat passenger in a vehicle, matching the
description of the vehicle involved in the shots fired incident
shortly afterward. When the officers searched the vehicle, they
found a firearm in the trunk area behind the seat where Appellant
was sitting. The rear driver’s side seat had open access to the
trunk area where the firearm was found. Markings on the shell
casings found at the scene matched those from the firearm found
during the search of the vehicle. The officers who search[ed] both
the vehicle and its occupants did not find any other firearms. The
evidence, while circumstantial, was not so deficient that the jury
could not resolve any doubt as to Appellant’s guilt.
Trial Ct. Op. at 9-10 (some capitalization omitted).
Following our review of the record and viewing the evidence in the light
most favorable to the Commonwealth, we agree with the trial court that there
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was sufficient evidence to establish that Appellant constructively possessed
the firearm recovered from the vehicle. See Bragg, 133 A.3d at 330-31. As
noted previously, Appellant was the only person in the back seat of the vehicle,
and could “easily access” the firearm that was recovered in the trunk of the
hatchback vehicle. See N.T. Trial at 29-33, 36. Moreover, the record reflects
that Appellant did not have a license to legally possess a firearm. See id. at
149. Additionally, because Officer Minaya stopped the vehicle approximately
five minutes after the initial report of a shooting and there were no other cars
in the area, it was reasonable for the jury to infer that Appellant was aware of
the gun in the trunk. See id. at 24-25. Therefore, based on the totality of
these circumstances, the Commonwealth has carried its burden of proving
that Appellant constructively possessed a firearm without a license. See
Bragg, 133 A.3d at 330-31; Hopkins, 67 A.3d at 820; see also Parrish,
191 A.3d at 37.
Accordingly, we affirm.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/22/2023
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