Com. v. Lopez Perez, H.

J-S45027-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
HERMAIN LOPEZ PEREZ :
APELLANT :
: No. 2759 EDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered August 24, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-15-CR-0003570-2017
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., MURRAY, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED AUGUST 26, 2019
Hermain Lopez Perez (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence
entered after a jury convicted him of indecent assault1 and related offenses
committed against his girlfriend’s daughters, I.M. and M.C. Appellant
challenges the sufficiency of evidence and the trial court’s denial of his motion
to sever charges. Upon review, we affirm.
In October 2017, Appellant lived with his girlfriend (Mother), and her
five children, including two daughters I.M. (14 years old) and M.C. (7 years
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3126(a)(7) (complainant less than 13 years of age), (8)
(complainant less than 16).
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old), and a son, A.C. (13 years old). Appellant and Mother also had a 3 year
old child together. I.M. and A.C. have autism. A.C. also has “mental
retardedness”2 and is non-verbal. Trial Court Opinion, 12/10/18, at 41.
On October 19, 2017, the Commonwealth filed an information charging
Appellant with sexual crimes against I.M. and M.C., and simple assault3 of A.C.
Appellant filed an omnibus pre-trial motion seeking, inter alia, severance of
the charges. Appellant argued that evidence concerning the offenses as to
each of the three child victims would be more prejudicial than probative if
presented at one trial. After a hearing, the trial court denied the request.
A jury trial commenced April 23, 2018. The trial court detailed the
testimony presented by the Commonwealth. See Trial Court Opinion,
12/10/18, at 7-49. We summarize the charges, along with the trial evidence
seriatim.
First, with respect to M.C., the Commonwealth charged Appellant with
indecent assault/complainant less than 13. The Commonwealth also charged
Appellant with two counts each of endangering the welfare of children
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2 At trial, Mother, through a translator, used the term “mental retardedness.”
N.T. Trial, 4/24/18, at 150-151. Subsequently, the translator requested a
correction in the record to the term “mental retardation.” N.T. Trial, 4/25/18,
at 2. Neither party insisted on this correction, however. Id. at 5. Without
further explanation in the record of the children’s diagnoses, we, like the trial
court, quote the translated term, “mental retardedness.” See Trial Court
Opinion, 12/10/18, at 41.
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2701(a)(1).
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(EWOC), corruption of minors, and unlawful contact with a minor.4 The
family’s neighbor, Crystal Stevens, testified that on October 8, 2017, M.C.,
then seven years old, told Stevens “that she had been hit again,” and disclosed
that “she was being touched in inappropriate places” by Appellant. N.T. Trial,
4/23/18, at 8, 14. When Stevens asked M.C. to describe Appellant’s actions,
M.C. “motioned across her upper body.” Id. at 8-9. Stevens, who was a
school district employee and thus “a mandated reporter,” emailed M.C.’s
school counselor, Deborah Houseknecht, about this conversation. Id. at 10,
17-18.
Counselor Houseknecht read Stevens’ email and on October 9, 2017
(the day after Stevens sent the email), spoke with M.C. N.T. Trial, 4/23/18,
at 120, 123. Counselor Houseknecht testified that M.C. said her mother hit
her in the head that morning, and Appellant sometimes hit her in the back
with a belt. Id. at 124-125. Counselor Houseknecht and the school nurse
examined M.C., but did not see any indication she had been hit. Id. Counselor
Houseknecht asked M.C. why Appellant hit her with a belt, and M.C. replied
“because sometimes he hits me to wake me up when I’m sleeping” and
“because he touches me when I’m sleeping.” Id. at 127. When asked where
Appellant touched her, M.C. pointed to her breasts, vagina, and buttocks. Id.
M.C. also stated that Appellant touched her over her clothes and under her
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4 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4304(a)(1), 6301(a)(1)(ii), 6318(a)(1).
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clothes. Id. at 129. M.C. told Counselor Houseknecht that Appellant also
inappropriately touched her sister, I.M., and grabbed her brother, A.C., by the
neck and lifted him off the floor. Id. at 128-129, 131. Counselor Houseknecht
made reports to Children, Youth & Families (CYF) regarding the three children.
Id. at 136.
The next day, October 10, 2017, Chester County Detective Christine
Bleiler, assigned to the child abuse unit, conducted a forensic interview of M.C.
N.T. Trial, 4/24/18, at 174, 176. Protocol required the detective to first
engage in an “open narrative,” which is to ask the child “what brings [her]
here that day,” rather than asking leading questions. Id. at 177, 180. During
the interview, M.C. chewed on her shirt and was “visibly . . . more nervous”
when they discussed “the abuse scenario [sic].” Id. at 177. M.C. denied
several times that Appellant touched her. Id. at 180. At trial, Detective Bleiler
testified that she saw M.C. “was struggling and possibly didn’t understand why
she was there [at the forensic interview],” and, according to protocol, asked
M.C. what she told her school counselor. Id. at 180. The Commonwealth
played a videotape of Detective Bleiler’s interview of M.C., and introduced a
transcript of the interview. Id. at 176, 178. The transcript reveals that in
describing how and where Appellant touched her, M.C. also stated that
Appellant told her, “Don’t tell no one . . . when he does that.” Trial Exh. C-
34, Interview with M.C., at 26-28.
M.C. was eight years old at the time of trial and testified that once, when
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she was sleeping with Mother, Appellant’s hand touched the skin and “inside”
of her “front private part,” which is the part of her body where she “pee[s] out
of.” N.T. Trial, 4/24/18, at 57, 91-93. Appellant stopped when Mother woke
up and told M.C. to go back to her own bed. Id. at 92-93.
Mother testified that several months before the CYF investigation, M.C.
told her that Appellant “pressured her or touched her” and “point[ed] to her
private parts.” N.T., 4/24/18, at 153. Mother confronted Appellant, who
replied that they were merely playing. Id. at 154-155.
With respect to I.M., who has autism, the Commonwealth charged
Appellant with two counts of indecent assault/complainant less than 16. At
the time of trial, I.M. was 15 years old and attended a “special school.” N.T.
Trial, 4/24/18, at 4, 149. When asked whether she knew the difference of 10
and 7 (7 subtracted from 10), I.M. stated that she did not know, and although
she knew the name of the street where she lived, she could not say her house
number. Id. at 5, 7.
I.M. testified that on several occasions, Appellant touched her chest over
and under her shirt. N.T. Trial, 4/24/18, at 14-15, 44. Appellant also touched
I.M. while she was in bed, on her thigh and under her clothes. Id. at 18-21.
In these instances, I.M. screamed and, variously, yelled for Mother and bit,
scratched, and kicked Appellant. Id. On one occasion, Appellant hit I.M. in
the head. Id. at 22. On another occasion, I.M. was in the bathroom wearing
just her underwear when Appellant “grabbed” her and touched “the part of
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[her] body that [she] use[d] to go pee,” over her underwear. Id. at 25-26.
Another time, I.M. was sitting in the living room when Appellant touched the
skin on her “front private part,” by moving her underwear. Id. at 34, 36, 39.
I.M. kicked and bit Appellant. Id. at 35. Appellant said “he’s going to get the
knife off [sic],” but I.M. “ran and locked the door.” Id. During these incidents,
Appellant said something to I.M. in Spanish, but I.M., who does not know
Spanish, did not remember what he said. Id. at 16, 26, 45.
M.C. also testified that once, when she was in bed, she saw Appellant
touch I.M.’s “bottom,” while I.M. was sleeping in the nearby bunk bed. N.T.
Trial, 4/24/18, at 86. M.C. initially stated Appellant touched I.M. “[o]n top”
of her pajamas, but later stated that he touched the “inside” of I.M.’s skin.
Id. at 87, 103.
The Commonwealth additionally charged Appellant with simple assault
of Mother’s son, A.C. A.C., who was 13 at the time of trial, does not speak,
but uses “signs” to communicate, and he repeatedly sings children’s songs.
Id. at 76 (testimony of M.C.), 150-151 (testimony of Mother). As stated
above, M.C. told Counselor Houseknecht that “on numerous occasions,”
Appellant grabbed A.C. by the neck and lifted him off the floor. Id. at 131.
M.C. also testified that more than once, when A.C. was singing, she saw
Appellant grab A.C. by his neck, choke him, and tell him to stop singing. Id.
at 95-97. However, after the Commonwealth presented its case in chief, it
withdrew the charge of simple assault as to A.C. N.T. Trial, 4/25/18, at 6.
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Appellant did not testify or otherwise present a defense.
The jury returned guilty verdicts on all nine charges: one count of
indecent assault/complainant less than 13 (M.C.) and two counts each of
indecent assault/complainant less than 16 (I.M.), EWC, corruption of minors,
and unlawful contact with a minor.
On August 24, 2018, the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate
5 to 10 years of imprisonment,5 followed by 2 years of probation. The court
also ordered Appellant to comply with registration requirements under
SORNA.6
Appellant did not file a post-sentence motion. He filed this timely appeal
on September 21, 2018. Both the trial court and Appellant have complied
with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925.
Appellant presents two issues for our review:
1. Did the Commonwealth fail to produce sufficient evidence to
support the guilty verdicts of indecent assault, corruption of
minors, endangering the welfare of children and unlawful contact
with minors, when the children’s testimony was inconsistent with
each other and with their various prior statements?
2. Was [Appellant] denied due process by the trial court’s denial
of his motion to sever the charge of simple assault, allowing the
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5 The individual sentences, all to run consecutively, were: (1) 1 to 2 years’
imprisonment on two of the indecent assault counts; (2) 2 years’ probation
on the third indecent assault count; and (3) 6 to 12 months’ imprisonment on
each remaining count.
6Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9799.10–
9799.42.
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jury to hear testimony regarding physical abuse of one male child,
unrelated to the sexual abuse detailed by the minor girls,
especially since the Commonwealth withdrew the simple assault
charge prior to closing arguments?
Appellant’s Brief at 2.
In this first issue, Appellant argues that the evidence was insufficient to
support his convictions because the trial testimony of M.C. and I.M. was
inconsistent. Appellant contends that M.C. made different statements to her
neighbor Stevens and to Counselor Houseknecht; denied during her interview
with Detective Bleiler that Appellant touched her; and initially denied at trial
that Appellant touched her, but upon being asked “leading questions,” stated
that Appellant touched her. Appellant’s Brief at 29-30. Appellant further
claims that I.M. “gave various responses to the questions of whether she was
touched over or under her clothes, near her breast area or near her neck, and
whether it happened in the living room or in her mother’s bedroom.” Id. at
31. Appellant asserts that the inconsistencies in the testimony of M.C. and
I.M. raised reasonable doubt as to whether he “perpetrated any indecent
contact on M.C. or I.M.,” and furthermore, “[w]ithout sufficient evidence of
indecent contact, the verdicts on corruption of minors and [EWC] are not
sustainable.” Id. at 32. Also, with respect to his convictions of unlawful
contact with a minor, Appellant alleges there was insufficient evidence that he
said anything to M.C. or I.M. “for the purpose of engaging in sexual offenses,
other than by performing the acts [themselves].” Id. at 33, 35. Appellant
reasons that when M.C. told Detective Bleiler that Appellant told her “Don’t
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tell no one,” there was “no context or time frame mentioned,” and furthermore
M.C. never testified to this “Don’t tell no one” statement at trial. Id. at 35.
Appellant acknowledges that both M.C. and I.M. testified that he touched their
genital and chest areas. Appellant’s Brief at 10-12, 16-17, 30. Likewise, with
respect to his unlawful contact convictions, Appellant concedes that the
Commonwealth presented evidence — in the form of the forensic interview
video and transcript — that Appellant directed M.C. to not tell anyone about
the touching. Id. at 35. Appellant alleges that the victims’ trial testimony
“presented insufficient evidence to sustain a verdict of guilty.” See id.
At its essence, Appellant’s argument — that M.C.’s and I.M.’s testimony,
as well as M.C.’s forensic interview statements, were unbelievable — goes to
the weight, not the sufficiency, of the evidence. See Commonwealth v.
Widmer, 744 A.2d 745 (Pa. 2000) (a claim that verdict is contrary to the
weight of the evidence concedes that there is sufficient evidence to sustain
the verdict); Commonwealth v. Melvin, 103 A.3d 1, 43 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(“An argument regarding the credibility of a witness’s testimony ‘goes to the
weight of the evidence, not the sufficiency of the evidence.’”);
Commonwealth v. Trinidad, 96 A.3d 1031, 1038 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(“[V]ariances in testimony go to the credibility of the witnesses and not the
sufficiency of the evidence.”); Commonwealth v. W.H.M., 932 A.2d 155,
160 (Pa. Super. 2007) (claim that trial court erred in crediting child victim’s
trial testimony about indecent assault, over another version of events, goes
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to the weight, not sufficiency, of the evidence). Notably, Appellant did not
challenge the weight of the evidence before the trial court, and thus he has
waived appellate review.7 See Commonwealth v. Thompson, 93 A.3d 478,
490 (Pa. Super. 2014) (“[A] weight of the evidence claim must be preserved
either in a post-sentence motion, by a written motion before sentencing, or
orally prior to sentencing. Pa.R.Crim.P. 607[.]”). Accordingly, we decline to
further review Appellant’s evidentiary claim.
In his second issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in
denying his motion to sever. He argues that M.C.’s testimony that he choked
A.C. was more prejudicial than probative, and was irrelevant to his charges of
sexual assault of M.C. and I.M. Appellant further claims that because the
Commonwealth withdrew the simple assault charge, “the solicitation of this
testimony was intended only to disparage” Appellant. Appellant’s Brief at 37.
We disagree.
We review a trial court’s decision to join or sever indictments for abuse
of discretion. Commonwealth v. Brookins, 10 A.3d 1251, 1255 (Pa. Super.
2010). “The court may order separate trials of offenses . . . or provide other
appropriate relief, if it appears that any party may be prejudiced by offenses
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7 Moreover, the trial court correctly noted, and we reiterate, that the jury was
free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence, including conflicting evidence,
and “that the uncorroborated testimony of a victim, if believed by the trier of
fact, is sufficient to convict a defendant.” See Trial Court Opinion, 12/10/18,
at 7, 50, citing Commonwealth v. Mack, 850 A.2d 690, 693 (Pa. Super.
2004).
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. . . being tried together.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 583. “The critical consideration is
whether [the] appellant was prejudiced by the trial court’s decision. [The
a]ppellant bears the burden of establishing such prejudice.” Brookins, 10
A.3d at 1255 (citation omitted).
Where the defendant moves to sever offenses not based
on the same act or transaction . . . the court must . . .
determine: [1] whether the evidence of each of the
offenses would be admissible in a separate trial for the
other; [2] whether such evidence is capable of separation
by the jury so as to avoid danger of confusion; and, if the
answers to these inquiries are in the affirmative, [3]
whether the defendant will be unduly prejudiced by the
consolidation of offenses.
* * *
“Evidence of crimes other than the one in question is not
admissible solely to show the defendant’s bad character or
propensity to commit crime.” See Pa.R.E. 404(b)(1) . . . .
Nevertheless:
[E]vidence of other crimes is admissible to demonstrate
. . . a common scheme, plan or design embracing the
commission of two or more crimes so related to each
other that proof of one tends to prove the others . . . .
Additionally, evidence of other crimes may be admitted
where such evidence is part of the history of the case and
forms part of the natural development of the facts.
Brookins, 10 A.3d at 1256 (some citations omitted).
In addition to the trial testimony recounted above, we note the
testimony of Counselor Houseknecht, who stated that M.C. told her,
“[E]veryone in the house is afraid of [Appellant], he threatens everyone with
a belt.” N.T. Trial, 4/24/18, at 132. Consistent with the facts of this case and
the authority of Brookins, the trial court opined:
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[I]t is abundantly clear that the charges all flowed from the same
events and were intertwined. The three minor victims were living
with [Appellant] in the same house and interacted on a daily basis
as these crimes were committed over a period of time. The three
minor victims were aware of the assaults on each other, as they
sometimes occurred either in the presence of the other minors or
the minors could hear the assaults of the others. They involved
the natural development of the facts of this case and were
properly tried together.
Additionally, [Appellant] was not prejudiced by charges not
being severed. The evidence was not so cumulative that it would
have convicted [Appellant] only by showing his propensity to
commit crimes, nor was the jury incapable of separating the
evidence. Distinct evidence was presented for the crimes
committed against each minor victim and the verdict slip identified
each charge and victim separately. While it was unfortunate that
the jury heard the evidence of [Appellant’s] assault on minor
victim A.C., when the Commonwealth decided not to proceed on
that simple assault charge, it was not so unduly prejudicial.
[Appellant] received the benefit of having that charge dropped
and it was not listed on the verdict slip, so the jury was not aware
of that particular charge. The testimony regarding those acts
completed the story of the case and the interactions of [Appellant]
and the victims within the household.
Trial Court Opinion, 12/10/18, at 4. Upon review, we discern no abuse of
discretion by the trial court in denying Appellant’s motion to sever.
In sum, Appellant’s first claim is waived, and his second issue does not
merit relief. We thus affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/26/19
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