Com. v. Davis, C.

J-S41006-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
CHRISTOPHER RAYMOND DAVIS :
:
Appellant : No. 2008 MDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 11, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-38-CR-0000270-2013
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 27, 2019
Christopher Raymond Davis appeals from his judgment of sentence,
entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County, after a jury
convicted him of one count of criminal attempt1 (criminal homicide)2 and two
counts of aggravated assault.3 Upon careful review, we affirm.
The facts of the case are as follows: Davis was working as a bouncer at
Woofer Magoo’s (the Bar) on the night of March 2, 2012. That night, the
victim, Jose Pacheco, went to the Bar with Jeremy Grose and the woman
Pacheco was dating at the time, Dianna Lebron. Pacheco left the Bar at
approximately 1:30 or 2:00 A.M., but Lebron did not leave with him.
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1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 901.
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2501.
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Thereafter, Pacheco tried to get back into the Bar, but Davis prevented his re-
entry. Pacheco punched Davis, and the two continued to fight outside of the
Bar until it was broken up by another bouncer. Davis was visibly upset when
he returned to work at the Bar.
Later, Davis and Pacheco met in a parking lot on the corner of 7th and
Willow Streets (“Willow Street Lot”), where they began to fight each other; no
one else joined in on the fight. Around the same time, Sergeant Jeffrey Marley
of the Lebanon Police Department was on patrol near the 700 block of Willow
Street. He noticed several people standing in the Willow Street Lot, and saw
people making gestures in a manner that suggested a fight had occurred or
was about to occur. Sergeant Marley saw Grose shove Pacheco into a van,
which sped out of the Willow Street Lot. Sergeant Marley engaged his
emergency lights and followed the van to Good Samaritan Hospital. Grose
then jumped out of the van covered in blood screaming, “his boy got stabbed.”
N.T. Trial, 11/6/13, at 9. Grose told Sergeant Marley that the stabbing
occurred at the Willow Street Lot.
Pacheco was in the back of the van, “very pale in color” and “appeared
to be lifeless.” Id. at 10. Hospital personnel escorted Pacheco into the
hospital and determined he had been stabbed approximately 11 times.
Sergeant Marley questioned Pacheco as he was fading in and out of
consciousness. Pacheco indicated that a bouncer stabbed him. Sergeant
Marley asked if the bouncer was from Woofer Magoo’s and Pacheco nodded in
the affirmative.
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At trial, Vivian Rodriguez testified that she was at the Bar until
approximately 2:00 A.M. on the night of the altercation. When she left the
Bar, she noticed Davis also leave and walk toward the Willow Street Lot. Id.
at 38. She stated that she observed Davis fighting in the lot with another
person she did not know. Id. at 38–39. She also testified that she observed
Davis making stabbing motions during the fight. Id. at 39. She then
witnessed the other person fall to the ground, at which point she observed
Davis run away from the scene. Id. at 39, 42.
Grose testified that he and Davis’s cousin, Jermel Davis (Mel), were the
closest to the fight. He stated Mel was approximately 10 to 20 feet away from
Davis and Pacheco, circling around the fight. Id. at 175. Grose explained
that he turned away for a moment, but when he looked back, he saw Pacheco
with stab wounds, and no one other than Davis was standing near Pacheco.
Id. at 175–76.
After the fight, Detective Keith Uhrich of the Lebanon City Police
Department surveyed the Willow Street Lot, where he found trails of blood,
two hats, and two knives. Id. at 21, 22–23. One knife had an eagle on it,
and the other knife was a box cutter. The knife with the eagle on it had blood
on the handle and the blade. Id. at 29. Later, Detective William Walton
sought to locate Davis. He went to the home of Andrew Robinson, a bouncer
at the Bar, but Davis was not with him. Robinson explained that Davis left
the bar with Mel, and suggested that Davis and Mel may be at Mel’s girlfriend’s
house. Detective Walton went to Mel’s girlfriend’s house, where they found
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Mel’s girlfriend sitting in a red van. Detective Walton searched the red van
and found a knife similar to the knife found at the Willow Street Lot, and a
small amount of blood on the van’s passenger door exterior. Id. at 207–10.
Despite Detective Walton’s best efforts, he was unable to locate Davis. Id. at
214.
Davis was later found in New York, and on May 16, 2012, he was
arrested and charged with the above-named offenses. Id. at 214. On
November 6, 2013, a jury found Davis guilty on all counts and, on September
7, 2016, the trial court sentenced him to 20 to 40 years’ imprisonment. On
October 5, 2016, Davis filed a notice of appeal. Subsequently, on July 3,
2017, Davis sought remand on the basis of newly-discovered evidence in the
form of a witness who claimed to have witnessed the fight and who would
testify that Davis did not stab Pacheco. On August 8, 2017, this Court granted
Davis’s motion for remand and vacated Davis’s judgment of sentence.
Commonwealth v. Davis, 1677 MDA 2016 (Pa. Super. filed 8/8/17)
(unpublished memorandum decision).
On October 23, 2017, the trial court held an evidentiary hearing on the
newly-discovered evidence claim. On June 20, 2018, the trial court denied
Davis’s motion for a new trial and ordered Davis to appear for the re-
imposition of sentence on July 11, 2018, at which point the trial court re-
imposed the original sentence. Davis filed a timely post-sentence motion on
July 20, 2018, which the trial court also denied. On December 5, 2018, Davis
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filed a timely notice of appeal to this Court followed by a court-ordered
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.
Davis raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion by
finding that there was sufficient evidence produced at trial to
sustain a conviction for counts 1 through 3 of the criminal
information.
2. Whether the trial court erred and or abused its discretion by
failing to find that the verdict was contrary to the weight of the
evidence.
3. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion by
failing to grant [Davis] a new trial.
4. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion by
having multiple judges preside over [Davis]’s criminal trial.
5. Whether [Davis] is entitled to a new trial when the trial court
failed to preserve the transcripts from [Davis]’s trial due to
circumstances outside of [Davis]’s knowledge and control.
6. Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion by
denying [Davis]’s post-sentence motion.[4]
Brief of Appellant, at 6–7 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Davis first claims the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to
sustain his convictions. Id. at 6. Specifically, Davis claims the
Commonwealth failed to present any physical evidence linking him to the
weapon or the actual crime. Davis is entitled to no relief.
____________________________________________
4 Davis presented no separate argument on this claim, and simply
incorporated by reference his arguments with respect to his other issues.
Accordingly, we will not separately address this claim.
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We review Davis’s sufficiency of the evidence claim under the following
standard:
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in
the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient
evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the
crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we
may not [re-]weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment
for [that of] the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts
and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by
means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying
the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the finder
of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the
weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none
of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Giordano, 121 A.3d 998, 1002–1003 (Pa. Super. 2015).
The jury convicted Davis of one count of criminal attempt (criminal
homicide). Under 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 901(a), “[a] person commits an attempt
when, with the intent to commit a specific crime, he does any act which
constitutes a substantial step toward the commission of that crime.” Here,
the specific crime Davis intended to commit is criminal homicide. “A person
is guilty of criminal homicide if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or
negligently causes the death of another human being.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
2501(a). To prove criminal attempt (criminal homicide), a person must take
a “substantial step toward the commission of a killing, with the specific intent
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in mind to commit such an act.” Commonwealth v. Dale, 836 A.2d 150,
153 (Pa. Super. 2003). “[T]he use of a deadly weapon on a vital part of the
human body is sufficient to establish the specific intent to kill.”
Commonwealth v. Hilliard, 172 A.3d 5, 12 (Pa. Super. 2017) (internal
citations omitted).
Davis was also convicted of two counts of aggravated assault. A person
is guilty of aggravated assault if he “attempts to cause serious bodily injury
to another, or causes such injury intentionally, knowingly or recklessly under
circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.”
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(1). Further, a person is guilty of aggravated assault
if he “attempts to cause or intentionally or knowingly causes bodily injury to
another with a deadly weapon.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(4). A victim suffers
a “serious bodily injury” when the injury “creates a substantial risk of death .
. . permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function
of any bodily member or organ.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2301.
Here, the evidence adduced by the Commonwealth at trial was more
than sufficient to establish Davis’s guilt. Pacheco and Davis fought earlier
outside of the Bar on the night of the stabbing. N.T. Trial, 11/6/13, at 58–59.
After the initial fight, multiple witnesses—including Davis himself—described
Davis as “mad” and “upset” when he returned to work. Id. at 88, 104–105,
113, 257. When questioned at the hospital immediately after the attack,
Pacheco stated the bouncer from the Bar stabbed him. Id. at 13. Pacheco
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later gave a statement identifying Davis as the bouncer who stabbed him, and
further picked Davis out of a photo array. Id. at 148–49, 151–52. In addition,
Grose testified that he and Mel were the closest to the fight, and when Grose
saw Pacheco’s stab wounds, no one other than Davis was standing near
Pacheco. Id. at 175–76. Further, DNA evidence showed Pacheco’s blood on
Davis’s baseball cap, the passenger side door of Mel’s girlfriend’s van, and the
knife found at the Willow Street Lot. Id. at 237–38. Additional evidence
showed that there was another knife in the van similar to the knife found at
the Willow Street Lot, which was used to stab Pacheco. Id. at 210, 288.
Finally, the Commonwealth presented eyewitness testimony of Rodriguez,
who testified that she saw Davis stab Pacheco at the Willow Street Lot, and
that they were the only two involved in the fight. Id. at 38–43. In sum, the
evidence presented at trial clearly demonstrated that Davis intended to cause
Pacheco serious bodily injuries, see 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(4), and that Davis
took “a substantial step toward the commission of a killing.” Dale, 836 A.2d
at 153. Accordingly, he is entitled to no relief.
Davis next claims that the verdict was contrary to the weight of the
evidence. Brief of Appellant, at 6.
A claim alleging the verdict was against the weight of the evidence
is addressed to the discretion of the trial court. Accordingly, an
appellate court reviews the exercise of the trial court’s discretion;
it does not answer for itself whether the verdict was against the
weight of the evidence. It is well[-]settled that the jury is free to
believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to determine the
credibility of the evidence, and a new trial based on a weight of
the evidence claim is only warranted where the jury’s verdict is so
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contrary to the evidence that it shocks one’s sense of justice. In
determining whether this standard has been met, appellate review
is limited to whether the trial judge’s discretion was properly
exercised, and relief will only be granted where the facts and
inferences of record disclose a palpable abuse of discretion.
Commonwealth v. Houser, 18 A.3d 1128, 1135–36 (Pa. 2011) (citations
and internal quotation marks omitted).
Here, Davis argues that the lack of physical evidence linking him to the
crime, as well as inconsistencies in the testimony at trial, support a
determination that the verdict was contrary to the weight of the evidence.
However, the Commonwealth presented sixteen vigorously cross-examined
witnesses, as well as video recordings, audio recordings, and physical
evidence. It was within the sole discretion of the jury to assess the credibility
of the testimony and weigh the evidence presented at trial. Commonwealth
v. Williams, 854 A.2d 440, 445 (Pa. 2004). Sitting as fact-finder, the jury
was free to believe all, part or none of the testimony presented. Houser, 18
A.3d at 1135–36. The jury was also free to resolve any inconsistencies in the
testimony. See Commonwealth v. Horne, 89 A.3d 277, 286 (Pa. Super.
2014). Accordingly, we can discern no abuse of discretion on the part of the
trial court in rejecting Davis’s weight claim.
Next, Davis claims that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to
grant him a new trial based on newly-discovered evidence. Brief of Appellant,
at 6. He is entitled to no relief.
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On July 3, 2017, Davis’s counsel filed with this Court a motion for
remand, stating that he had received a letter from an individual named Michael
McGrath. This letter indicated that McGrath had witnessed the events leading
to Davis’s incarceration and was able to provide exculpatory evidence. In
response, this Court vacated Davis’s judgment of sentence and remanded the
case back to the trial court for an evidentiary hearing to determine whether a
new trial was warranted. At the hearing, McGrath testified that he saw the
fight and stated that Mel jumped into the fight and stabbed Pacheco. See
N.T. Evidentiary Hearing, 10/23/17, at 52–54. After the hearing, the trial
court issued an order denying Davis’s motion for a new trial and directed that
Davis appear for re-imposition of sentence.
To receive a new trial based on newly-discovered evidence, an appellant
must prove the evidence:
(1) could not have been obtained prior to the conclusion of the
trial by the exercise of reasonable diligence; (2) is not merely
corroborative or cumulative; (3) will not be used solely to impeach
the credibility of the witness; and (4) would likely result in a
different verdict if a new trial were granted.
Commonwealth v. Padillas, 997 A.2d 356, 363 (Pa. Super. 2010).
Here, the trial court properly concluded that McGrath’s testimony was
merely corroborative of Davis’s assertion that Mel stabbed Pacheco, which he
presented at trial through cross-examination of the Commonwealth’s
witnesses and presentation of physical evidence. See N.T. Trial, 11/6/13, at
184–91. In addition, McGrath’s testimony would have served solely to
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impeach the credibility of witnesses who affirmed that Davis was the one who
stabbed Pacheco, and that Davis and Pacheco were the only two fighting. See
id. at 13–14, 39, 148–50 (Sergeant Marley, Vivian Rodriguez, and Detective
Fields providing consistent testimony that Davis stabbed Pacheco); See also
id. at 121–22, 174–75 (Pacheco and Jeremy Grose providing consistent
testimony that Davis and Pacheco were the only two involved in the fight).
Finally, McGrath’s testimony goes against the overwhelming evidence
supporting Davis’s conviction and would likely not result in a different verdict.
Accordingly, the court did not err in declining to grant Davis a new trial.
Davis next asserts the trial court abused its discretion by having multiple
judges preside over the trial. Brief of Appellant, at 6. However, Davis did not
raise this objection at trial or in his post-sentence motion. Accordingly, he
has waived this issue on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (stating issues not
raised at trial are waived and cannot be considered for first time on appeal).
Finally, Davis asserts that he is entitled to a new trial because the trial
court failed to preserve the transcript from his trial. Brief of Appellant, at 6.
Again, Davis failed to raise this objection in his post-sentence motion, and the
issue is waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). In any event, the transcript was
located and filed of record on November 20, 2017. Thus, the notes of
testimony were available to Davis in ample time to prepare his post-sentence
motion and subsequent appellate brief. For these reasons, Davis is entitled
to no relief.
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Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 09/27/2019
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