Com. v. Williams, N.

J-S68001-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
NATHAN HENRY WILLIAMS :
:
Appellant : No. 649 WDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order May 1, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-02-CR-0015286-2011
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., DUBOW, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED MARCH 21, 2019
Appellant, Nathan Henry Williams, appeals pro se from the order
denying his petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act
(“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
On direct appeal, the trial court summarized the underlying facts of this
case as follows:
The facts introduced at trial established that on August 28,
2011, at approximately 6:00 a.m., Devola Hatten was in her
bedroom on Colwell Street when her attention was drawn outside
when she heard screaming. She indicated it was a female voice
yelling “help, help, call the police, call the police.” (N.T. 46). She
went to the window, looked out and in the dim light of that early
morning, saw two shadowy figures entering an alleyway. One was
chasing the other. She saw the first figure being chased stop, turn
around and strike towards her pursuer in a scratching or clawing
motion. (N.T. 47). She could not identify either person nor could
she state, from that distance, what their gender was. She
believed that one was a female based on the voice she heard.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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After they disappeared in the alleyway, she returned to her
bed. She looked out the window a few minutes later and saw a
single figure walking away from the area where the two had been
heading. She also indicated that she did not call the police nor go
down there because occurrences like that were not unusual. The
area that she was looking into was often frequented by prostitutes
and drug dealers.
Corey Ribovic, who lived in an apartment building near the
same alleyway, testified that at approximately noon on August
29th, he went on his balcony to smoke a cigarette when he
observed what appeared to be a mannequin lying at the edge of
his apartment complex’s parking lot. He called the police and later
learned that, in fact, what he observed was the body of the victim.
When the police arrived, they found the woman’s naked
body lying face down. She had a ligature around her neck. Her
clothes were burned and her body had burns in her genital region.
An empty bottle of alcohol lay nearby and appeared to have only
recently been left there. The crime scene was preserved,
including the victim’s body, which was taken to the Medical
Examiner’s Office for autopsy. Prior to the autopsy, evidence was
retrieved from the victim’s body. Swabs were taken from her
vagina, rectum and inside her mouth. Her fingernails were clipped
and any material under them was preserved. The ligature was
taken off her neck and preserved. All of these materials were
subjected to DNA analysis. The cause of death, according to the
pathologist, Todd Lukasevic, M.D., was strangulation.
Trial Court Opinion, 1/27/14, at 4–5.
Because Appellant’s DNA matched the DNA recovered from the victim,
on January 9, 2012, Appellant was charged with criminal homicide, rape,
involuntary deviate sexual intercourse (“IDSI”), and abuse of corpse.1 On July
16, 2012, a jury convicted Appellant of first-degree murder and abuse of
corpse. The jury found Appellant was not guilty of the crimes of rape and
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1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 2501, 3121(a)(1), 3123(a)(1), and 5510, respectively.
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IDSI. On September 24, 2012, the trial court sentenced Appellant to serve a
mandatory term of life imprisonment for the murder conviction. Appellant
also received a concurrent sentence of one to two years for the abuse of corpse
conviction. Appellant filed timely post-sentence motions, which were denied
by operation of law. Subsequently, on December 23, 2014, this Court affirmed
Appellant’s judgment of sentence, and our Supreme Court denied Appellant’s
petition for allowance of appeal on June 10, 2015. Commonwealth v.
Williams, 116 A.3d 699, 896 WDA 2013 (Pa. Super. filed December 23, 2014)
(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 117 A.3d 297 (Pa. 2015).
On March 2, 2016, Appellant filed this timely pro se PCRA petition. PCRA
counsel was appointed and subsequently withdrew because he had
participated in the prosecution of Appellant. The PCRA court then appointed
new PCRA counsel, who filed a motion to withdraw and a Turner/Finley no-
merit letter.2 On February 9, 2017, the PCRA court filed its notice of intent to
dismiss and permitted PCRA counsel to withdraw. Appellant filed an objection
to the notice to dismiss. On May 1, 2017, the PCRA court entered an order
dismissing Appellant’s PCRA petition. This timely appeal followed. The PCRA
court did not direct Appellant to file a statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b). On May 30, 2017, the PCRA court entered an order stating that its
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2Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth v.
Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
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reasons for dismissal of Appellant’s PCRA petition were set forth in the notice
of intent to dismiss, thereby satisfying the requirements of Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
Appellant presents the following issues for our review, which we
reproduce verbatim:
Was Counsel ineffective at the Preliminary hearing for: failing to
act as an advocate by stipulating to her client’s guilt that violated
the Cronic standard for effective assistance of Counsel, as Counsel
failed to function in any meaningful sense as the Commonwealth’s
adversary, or there was a brakdown in the adversrial prosess
Was Counsel ineffective at the jury trial for: failing to effectively
challenge the sufficiency of the Commonweath’s evidence to
sustain the frist degree murder conviction beyond a reasonable
doubt at the end of trial and move the Court to vacate the frist
degree murder conviction
Was Counsel ineffective at the jury trial for: failing to effectively
challenge the sufficiency of the Commonwealth’s evidence to
sustain the abuse of corpes conviction beyond a reasonable doubt
at the end of trial and move the Court to vacate the abuse of
corpes conviction
Whether the trial Court erred in dismissing Appellant’s frist PCRA
Petition without a hearing
Appellant’s Brief at 6.
When reviewing the propriety of an order denying PCRA relief, we
consider the record “in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the
PCRA level.” Commonwealth v. Stultz, 114 A.3d 865, 872 (Pa. Super.
2015) (quoting Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(en banc)). This Court is limited to determining whether the evidence of
record supports the conclusions of the PCRA court and whether the ruling is
free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1183 (Pa.
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Super. 2012). We grant great deference to the PCRA court’s findings that are
supported in the record and will not disturb them unless they have no support
in the certified record. Commonwealth v. Rigg, 84 A.3d 1080, 1084 (Pa.
Super. 2014).
Moreover, a PCRA court may decline to hold a hearing on the petition if
it determines that the petitioner’s claim is patently frivolous and is without a
trace of support in either the record or from other evidence. Commonwealth
v. Jordan, 772 A.2d 1011, 1014 (Pa. Super. 2001). A reviewing court on
appeal must examine each of the issues raised in the PCRA petition in light of
the record in order to determine whether the PCRA court erred in concluding
that there were no genuine issues of material fact and denying relief without
an evidentiary hearing. Id.
Appellant’s first three issues challenge the effective assistance of prior
counsel. Our Supreme Court has long stated that in order to succeed on a
claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, an appellant must demonstrate (1)
that the underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) that counsel’s performance
lacked a reasonable basis; and (3) that the ineffectiveness of counsel caused
the appellant prejudice. Commonwealth v. Pierce, 786 A.2d 203, 213 (Pa.
2001).
We have explained that counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for failing
to pursue a meritless claim. Commonwealth v. Loner, 836 A.2d 125, 132
(Pa. Super. 2003) (en banc). Moreover, with regard to the second prong, we
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have reiterated that trial counsel’s approach must be “so unreasonable that
no competent lawyer would have chosen it.” Commonwealth v. Ervin, 766
A.2d 859, 862-863 (Pa. Super. 2000) (quoting Commonwealth v. Miller,
431 A.2d 233 (Pa. 1981)).
Our Supreme Court has discussed “reasonableness” as follows:
Our inquiry ceases and counsel’s assistance is deemed
constitutionally effective once we are able to conclude that the
particular course chosen by counsel had some reasonable basis
designed to effectuate his client’s interests. The test is not
whether other alternatives were more reasonable, employing a
hindsight evaluation of the record. Although weigh the
alternatives we must, the balance tips in favor of a finding of
effective assistance as soon as it is determined that trial counsel’s
decision had any reasonable basis.
Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973, 975 (Pa. 1987) (quoting
Commonwealth ex rel. Washington v. Maroney, 235 A.2d 349 (Pa.
1967)) (emphasis in original).
In addition, we are mindful that prejudice requires proof that there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error, the outcome of the
proceeding would have been different. Pierce, 786 A.2d at 213. “A failure
to satisfy any prong of the ineffectiveness test requires rejection of the claim
of ineffectiveness.” Commonwealth v. Daniels, 963 A.2d 409, 419 (Pa.
2009) (citing Commonwealth v. Sneed, 899 A.2d 1067 (Pa. 2006)). Thus,
when it is clear that a petitioner has failed to meet the prejudice prong of an
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, the claim may be disposed of on that
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basis alone, without a determination of whether the first two prongs have been
met. Commonwealth v. Baker, 880 A.2d 654, 656 (Pa. Super. 2005).
It is presumed that the petitioner’s counsel was effective, unless the
petitioner proves otherwise. Commonwealth v. Williams, 732 A.2d 1167,
1177 (Pa. 1999). Moreover, we are bound by the PCRA court’s credibility
determinations where there is support for them in the record.
Commonwealth v. Battle, 883 A.2d 641, 648 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citing
Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, 720 A.2d 79 (Pa. 1998)).
Appellant first argues that his counsel rendered ineffective assistance at
Appellant’s preliminary hearing. Appellant’s Brief at 18-23. Appellant asserts
that counsel erred by entering into stipulations concerning DNA evidence. Id.
at 21-22. In addition, Appellant avers that counsel failed to zealously
advocate at the preliminary hearing. Id. at 22-23.
We observe that ineffective assistance of counsel claims relative to a
preliminary hearing are cognizable under the PCRA. Stultz, 114 A.3d at 882.
Regardless, a petitioner needs to establish the prejudice prong of the Pierce
test, which requires a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error, the
outcome of the proceeding would have been different. Pierce, 786 A.2d at
213. We are mindful that the purpose of a preliminary hearing is to avoid the
incarceration or trial of a defendant unless there is sufficient evidence to
establish a crime was committed and the probability the defendant could be
connected with the crime. Commonwealth v. Tyler, 587 A.2d 326, 328 (Pa.
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Super. 1991) (citing Commonwealth v. Wojdak, 466 A.2d 991 (Pa. 1983)).
Its purpose is not to prove a defendant’s guilt. Id. Further, our Supreme
Court has concluded that “once a defendant has gone to trial and has been
found guilty of the crime or crimes charged, any defect in the preliminary
hearing is rendered immaterial.” Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 82 A.3d 943,
984 (Pa. 2013); see Stultz, 114 A.3d at 882 (quoting Sanchez). We have
long stated that “the failure to establish a prima facie case at a preliminary
hearing ‘is clearly immaterial where at the trial the Commonwealth met its
burden by proving the [offense] beyond a reasonable doubt.’”
Commonwealth v. Troop, 571 A.2d 1084, 1088 (Pa. Super. 1990) (quoting
Commonwealth v. McCullough, 461 A.2d 1229, 1231 (Pa. 1983)). See
Commonwealth v. Fewell, 654 A.2d 1109, 1112 (Pa. Super. 1995) (holding
that an alleged error at the preliminary hearing stage is moot once the
appellant was convicted by a jury at a fair and impartial trial).
Our review of the record reflects that trial counsel also represented
Appellant at the preliminary hearing. N.T., 12/9/11, at 3. The record futher
reflects that counsel stipulated to certain uncontroverted facts at the
preliminary hearing.3 Id. at 3-4, 6-7, 29-30. In addition, at the conclusion
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3 Specifically, stipulations were entered into concerning the autopsy protocol,
collection of evidence from the victim’s body, and the cause and manner of
death, N.T., 12/9/11, at 3-4, that, in the opinion of the doctor performing the
autopsy, the third degree burns were suffered post-mortem, id. at 6-7, and
that Appellant’s DNA was submitted to the DNA database following a
conviction of receiving stolen property. Id. at 29-30.
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of the preliminary hearing, counsel made the following statement with regard
to the murder charge, which indicates an acceptance that the Commonwealth
established a prima facie case with regard to the crime:
I have no argument in terms of the homicide because his DNA was
found on the murder weapon, so to speak, so I think at this stage
of the game it would be foolish to argue.
Id. at 30.
It is undisputed that a jury subsequently found Appellant guilty of first
degree murder and abuse of corpse and acquitted him of rape and IDSI.
Therefore, any alleged error at the preliminary hearing is both immaterial and
moot. Troop, 571 A.2d at 1088; Fewell, 654 A.2d at 1112. Accordingly,
Appellant cannot establish that he was prejudiced by counsel’s conduct at his
preliminary hearing. Hence, Appellant’s claim of ineffective assistance in this
regard fails.
Second, Appellant argues that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
make a motion for judgment of acquittal with regard to the homicide charge
at the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s case. Appellant’s Brief at 24-37.
Essentially, Appellant claims that there was insufficient evidence to support
his conviction and trial counsel was ineffective for failing to pursue the issue.
Trial counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for failing to file a motion
devoid of merit. Loner, 836 A.2d at 132. In Pennsylvania, trial counsel is
not ineffective for failing to move for a directed verdict at completion of the
prosecution’s case, when the prosecution has presented a prima facie case
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and there was sufficient evidence to sustain a guilty verdict. Commonwealth
v. Stewart, 450 A.2d 732, 735 (Pa. Super. 1982). The test for ruling upon a
motion for a directed verdict is whether “the prosecution’s evidence, and all
inferences arising there from, considered in the light most favorable to the
prosecution are insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the
accused is guilty of the crimes charged.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v.
Finley, 383 A.2d 1259, 1260 (Pa. 1978)). Thus, judgment of acquittal is
proper only when the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth, is insufficient to establish a crime. Commonwealth v.
Foster, 33 A.3d 632, 634-635 (Pa. Super. 2011).
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in
the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient
evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every element of the
crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we
may not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for the
fact-finder[’s]. In addition, we note that the facts and
circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by
means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying
the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the finder
of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the
weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none
of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Estepp, 17 A.3d 939, 943-944 (Pa. Super. 2011).
Murder is defined, in relevant part, as follows:
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§ 2502. Murder
(a) Murder of the first degree.--A criminal homicide constitutes
murder of the first degree when it is committed by an intentional
killing.
18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a). The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has discussed the
elements of first-degree murder as follows:
To convict a defendant of first-degree murder, the Commonwealth
must prove: a human being was unlawfully killed; the defendant
was responsible for the killing; and the defendant acted with
malice and a specific intent to kill.
Commonwealth v. Houser, 18 A.3d 1128, 1133 (Pa. 2011) (internal
citations omitted.)
A killing is intentional if it is done in a willful, deliberate, and
premeditated fashion. 18 Pa.C.S. § 2502. The period of reflection needed to
establish deliberation and premeditation may be as brief as a fraction of a
second. Commonwealth v. Rivera, 983 A.2d 1211, 1220 (Pa. 2009).
Indeed, the deliberation and premeditation needed to establish intent exist
whenever the assailant possesses the conscious purpose to bring about death.
Id. The Commonwealth may use circumstantial evidence to establish the
elements of first-degree murder, including the element of intent. Id.
Furthermore, our Supreme Court has stated that “death by manual
strangulation [is] sufficient to establish that the perpetrator acted maliciously
and with a specific intent to kill.” Commonwealth v. Cooper, 941 A.2d 655,
662 (Pa. 2007).
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On direct appeal, Appellant raised an issue challenging the weight of the
evidence, which the trial court analyzed, in part, as a challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence. In addressing Appellant’s issue, the court offered
the following astute observations regarding the evidence presented by the
Commonwealth:
Turning to the Homicide count, [Appellant] contends that
the evidence was insufficient because “the only evidence that
connects [Appellant] to the death of the victim is his touch DNA
on the instrument of her death”. That, however, was not the “only
evidence”. In addition, the presence of [Appellant’s] DNA on other
parts of her body, as well as [Appellant’s] admission to being
present with her that night, constituted additional evidence.
[Appellant’s] changing explanations also was evidence that the
jury was free to consider reaching a verdict.
***
[Appellant’s] DNA placed him with the victim shortly before
her death. His claim that he left another person with the victim is
contradicted by the eyewitness testimony of Devola Hatten who
saw two people go back in the alley and one emerge a short time
later. Finally, [Appellant’s] touch DNA on the instrument of her
death, when combined with all the other evidence, certainly
supported the jury’s determination that it was [Appellant] who
strangled her.
Trial Court Opinion, 1/27/14, at 10-11.
Upon review of the certified record, we agree with the trial court’s
conclusion that there was sufficient evidence to support the conviction of first-
degree murder. The Commonwealth presented the testimony of Devola
Hatten, indicating that she was looking out of her window and observed two
people entering the alleyway where the victim was discovered, and one was
calling for help. N.T., 7/11-16/12, at 69. When Ms. Hatten looked out of her
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window fifteen minutes later, she saw one person leaving the alleyway. Id.
at 71. She explained that she was not alarmed because the area is known for
drug use and prostitution. Id. at 70-71. The Commonwealth presented
testimony from Detective Harry Lutton of the Pittsburgh Police Department
indicating that the victim had a pink shoelace tied around her neck. N.T.,
7/11-16/12, at 130. In addition, Dr. Todd Luckasevic of the Allegheny County
Medical Examiner’s Office testified that, during the autopsy of the victim, the
pink shoelace was so tight that it had to be removed surgically. Id. at 222.
Dr. Luckasevic opined that the victim’s cause of death was ligature
strangulation and the manner of death was homicide. Id. at 242. The ligature
was then submitted to the forensic laboratory. Id. at 223. In addition, during
the autopsy, swabs were taken of the victim’s vaginal and rectal areas and
fingernail clippings were also taken. Id. at 235-240. The Commonwealth also
presented the testimony of Walter Lorenz, an expert in forensic biology at the
Allegheny County Medical Examiner’s Office, who testified that Appellant’s
DNA that appeared on the ligature used to strangle the victim was consistent
with DNA having been left by Appellant touching the item, as opposed to a
stranger transferring Appellant’s DNA to the item. Id. at 365. Appellant’s
DNA also matched a brown stain under the victim’s fingernail, as well as the
seminal fluid on the swabs from the victim’s vagina and rectum. Id. at 330-
333, 343. Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, this
evidence is sufficient to establish that Appellant committed the crime of first-
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degree murder beyond a reasonable doubt. Accordingly, we conclude that
there is no merit to Appellant’s underlying claim that trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to present a challenge the sufficiency of the evidence via
a motion for judgment of acquittal. Hence, this issue lacks merit.
Appellant next argues that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
effectively challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his conviction
of abuse of corpse. Appellant’s Brief at 38-40. Appellant contends that trial
counsel should have challenged the sufficiency at the end of trial and should
have sought to vacate the conviction. Id. Appellant asserts that the
Commonwealth failed to prove that the victim was a corpse when her body
was burned and failed to prove that Appellant was the person who abused the
victim’s body. Id. at 39-40.
We observe that, “to be entitled to PCRA relief, a petitioner must plead
and prove, inter alia, that the allegation of error has not been previously
litigated or waived.” Commonwealth v. Berry, 877 A.2d 479, 482 (Pa.
Super. 2005). See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(3) (setting forth requirement that,
for purposes of obtaining PCRA relief, an issue must not have been previously
litigated). A claim is previously litigated under the PCRA if the highest
appellate court in which the petitioner could have had review as a matter of
right has ruled on the merits of the issue. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9544(a)(2). Moreover,
an “appellant cannot obtain post-conviction review of claims previously
litigated on appeal by challenging ineffective assistance of prior counsel and
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presenting new theories of relief to support previously litigated claims.”
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 855 A.2d 682, 697 (Pa. 2004) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Beasley, 678 A.2d 773, 778 (Pa. 1996)). See also
Commonwealth v. Hutchins, 760 A.2d 50, 55 (Pa. Super. 2000) (stating
that a PCRA petitioner cannot obtain PCRA review of previously litigated claims
by presenting those claims again in a PCRA petition and setting forth new
theories in support thereof).
Our review of the record reflects that, on direct appeal to this Court,
Appellant specifically challenged the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his
conviction of abuse of corpse, and this Court addressed the claim. Williams,
116 A.3d 699, 896 WDA 2013 (unpublished memorandum at 3, 8). In
Appellant’s direct appeal, we relied upon the opinion of the trial court in
concluding that the conviction for abuse of corpse was supported by the
evidence. See id. at 8. Therefore, because the challenge to the sufficiency
of the evidence was previously litigated on direct appeal, it is not cognizable
for our review, and Appellant’s attempt to cloak the claim in the guise of a
challenge to the effective assistance of counsel cannot rescue the issue for our
review.
Appellant’s final issue in his statement of questions presented insinuates
that the PCRA court erred in failing to hold a hearing prior to dismissing his
PCRA petition. Appellant, however, completely failed to develop this argument
in his brief. Accordingly, we are constrained to conclude that Appellant has
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abandoned any claim in this regard by failing to properly develop it in the
argument portion of his brief, and we find this issue waived. Pa.R.A.P.
2119(a). See Commonwealth v. Tha, 64 A.3d 704, 713 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(stating that “[f]ailure to present or develop an argument in support of a claim
causes it to be waived”). Therefore, we will not address the issue.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/21/2019
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