Com. v. Mandez, A.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
ARCADIO MANDEZ, :
:
Appellant : No. 165 EDA 2014
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 22, 2010,
Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0014277-2009
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E, DONOHUE and STRASSBURGER*, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY DONOHUE, J.: FILED DECEMBER 23, 2014
Arcadio Mandez (“Mandez”) appeals from the judgment of sentence
entered following his convictions of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse
(“IDSI”), unlawful contact with a minor, endangering the welfare of children,
corruption of minors, and indecent assault.1 On appeal, Mandez challenges
the weight and sufficiency of the evidence supporting his convictions. For
the following reasons, we affirm.
Mandez’s convictions arise out of the multiple instances of sexual
assault he committed against eleven-year-old L.P. (“Victim”). In May of
2009, Victim’s mother traveled to Puerto Rico for approximately one month.
During that time, Victim and her brother J.P. stayed with their aunt, P.G.
(“Aunt”). Mandez is Aunt’s friend.
1
18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3123, 6318, 4304, 6301, 3126.
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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During the month that Victim was staying with Aunt, Mandez picked up
Victim, J.P., and another brother2 from school and took them to his house
almost every day. On multiple occasions, Mandez would either leave the
boys in the car or send them to the corner store while he took Victim into his
house and assaulted her. Mandez assaulted Victim by penetrating her
vaginally with his fingers and/or anally with his penis. These assaults took
place in Mandez’s bedroom. The anal penetration occurred at least five
times and the digital penetration occurred between ten and twenty times.
After assaulting her, Mandez instructed Victim not to tell anyone what had
happened. He would then drive Victim and her brothers to Aunt’s house.
On other occasions, Mandez assaulted Victim at Aunt’s house. Although
there were other people present, Mandez would isolate Victim and rub
between her legs, stopping only when another person came near. On one
instance, Mandez “kissed” Victim’s genitalia. These assaults stopped when
Victim’s mother returned from Puerto Rico and Victim returned to her home.
Although these assaults occurred in May and June 2009, Victim did not
reveal them until September 2009, when she told her mother what
happened. Her mother immediately called the police and as a result,
Mandez was arrested. Following a two-day bench trial, he was convicted of
2
This brother was staying with a different aunt while their mother was in
Puerto Rico.
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the above-listed offenses, determined to be a sexually violent predator, and
sentenced to two, concurrent terms of ten to twenty years of incarceration. 3
No direct appeal was filed. Mandez subsequently filed a pro se PCRA
petition, and appointed counsel filed an amended petition. In the amended
PCRA petition, Mandez alleged, inter alia, that his trial counsel ignored his
request to file an appeal and sought the reinstatement of his direct appeal
rights. The PCRA court granted his request and this timely appeal followed.
As noted above, Mandez presents only two issues for our review. He
begins by claiming that the verdicts were against the weight of the evidence.
Mandez’s Brief at 12.4
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of
the exercise of discretion, not of the underlying
question of whether the verdict is against the
weight of the evidence. Because the trial judge
has had the opportunity to hear and see the
evidence presented, an appellate court will give the
gravest consideration to the findings and reasons
advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial
court's determination that the verdict is against the
weight of the evidence. One of the least assailable
reasons for granting or denying a new trial is the
lower court's conviction that the verdict was or was
3
The trial court imposed terms of incarceration on the IDSI and unlawful
contact with minors convictions.
4
Mandez’s appellate counsel states that this claim is waived because trial
counsel failed to raise it in a post-sentence motion, but asks this Court to
review the claim nonetheless. Mandez’s Brief at 6 n.1. Appellate counsel is
correct that it was not raised in a written motion; however, trial counsel
preserved this claim by raising it in an oral motion made at the time of
sentencing. See N.T., 10/22/10, at 4-5; Pa.R.Crim.P. 607.
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not against the weight of the evidence and that a
new trial should be granted in the interest of justice.
This does not mean that the exercise of discretion by
the trial court in granting or denying a motion for a
new trial based on a challenge to the weight of the
evidence is unfettered. In describing the limits of a
trial court's discretion, we have explained[,] [t]he
term ‘discretion’ imports the exercise of judgment,
wisdom and skill so as to reach a dispassionate
conclusion within the framework of the law, and is
not exercised for the purpose of giving effect to the
will of the judge. Discretion must be exercised on the
foundation of reason, as opposed to prejudice,
personal motivations, caprice or arbitrary actions.
Discretion is abused where the course pursued
represents not merely an error of judgment, but
where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable or
where the law is not applied or where the record
shows that the action is a result of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill-will.
Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013) (emphasis in the
original) (citations omitted).
Accordingly, we are mindful that as we review Mandez’s claim, we are
not passing on the underlying question of whether the verdicts were against
the weight of the evidence, but rather we are considering whether the trial
court abused its discretion in denying his motion based upon his claim that
the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. We are focused,
therefore, on evidence that the trial court’s ruling is “manifestly
unreasonable or where the law is not applied or where the record shows that
the action is a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.” Id.-4-
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Mandez fails to appreciate our standard and scope of review. He
frames his entire argument in terms of the trial court’s determination that
Victim’s testimony was credible and does not present any argument as to
how he believes the trial court abused its discretion in denying his post-trial
motion. He only points to what he considers to be inconsistencies and
incongruities in Victim’s testimony and assails the trial court’s credibility
determinations and fact finding. Mandez’s Brief at 13-15. Thus, his
argument is directed to the underlying question of whether his convictions
are against the weight of the evidence. As stated above, this is not the
question before us for review. He does not allege how the judgment is
“manifestly unreasonable or where the law is not applied or where the
record shows that the action is a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-
will.” Clay, 64 A.3d at 1055.
Mandez has not provided us with appropriate argument relative to our
standard of review, and this Court will not develop an argument on his
behalf. See Commonwealth v. Gould, 912 A.2d 869, 873 (Pa. Super.
2006). In addition, however, we note that our independent review of the
record provides us with ample support for the conclusion that the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in deciding that the verdicts in this case were not
against the weight of the evidence. We therefore find no merit to Mandez’s
claim.
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In his second issue, Mandez challenges the sufficiency of the evidence
as to each of his convictions.
In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we
must determine whether the evidence admitted at
trial, as well as all reasonable inferences drawn
therefrom, when viewed in the light most favorable
to the verdict winner, are sufficient to support all
elements of the offense. When performing this
review, we may not reweigh the evidence or
substitute our own judgment for that of the fact
finder.
Commonwealth v. Cox, 72 A.3d 719, 721 (Pa. Super. 2013), reargument
denied (Sept. 27, 2013) (citation omitted).
Mandez begins with his conviction for IDSI. This crime, as relevant to
Mandez’s conviction, is defined as “[e]ngag[ing] in deviate sexual
intercourse with a complainant[] [] by forcible compulsion.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
3123(a)(1). Deviate sexual intercourse is defined, in relevant part, as
“[s]exual intercourse per os or per anus between human beings[,]” and
forcible compulsion is defined as “[c]ompulsion by use of physical,
intellectual, moral, emotional or psychological force, either express or
implied.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3101.
Presently, Mandez argues that his conviction cannot stand because the
Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence that he penetrated
Victim, or, alternatively, that he used “forcible compulsion” to do so.
Mandez’s Brief at 16. He is wrong. The evidence of record, when read in
the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, establishes that Mandez took
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Victim into his bedroom, undressed her, positioned her with her legs in the
air and performed anal sex on her, all against her will and while ignoring her
pleas that he stop. N.T., 6/8/10, 15-18, 55. This evidence, and the
reasonable inferences therefrom, in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth, is sufficient to establish that Mandez used physical force to
anally penetrate Victim.
Mandez next attacks his conviction of indecent assault. This crime is
defined, in pertinent part, as follows:
A person is guilty of indecent assault if the person
has indecent contact with the complainant, causes
the complainant to have indecent contact with the
person or intentionally causes the complainant to
come into contact with seminal fluid, urine or feces
for the purpose of arousing sexual desire in the
person or the complainant and [] the complainant is
less than 13 years of age.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3126(a)(7). Indecent contact is defined as “[a]ny touching of
the sexual or other intimate parts of the person for the purpose of arousing
or gratifying sexual desire, in any person.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3101.
Mandez argues that there was insufficient evidence of indecent
conduct between Mandez and Victim and further that “the Commonwealth
failed to make any mention with regard to [his] ‘purpose of arousing sexual
desire’ in either [Mandez] or [Victim].” Mandez’s Brief at 17. We disagree.
Victim testified that Mandez would rub her genitalia and digitally penetrated
her vagina prior to having anal intercourse with her. N.T., 6/9/10, at 22-24.
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It is reasonable to infer from this evidence that Mandez touched Victim’s
intimate parts as a means of arousing his sexual desire.
Finally, Mandez argues that his remaining three convictions (unlawful
contact with a minor, endangering the welfare of children, and corruption of
minors) cannot stand because “they all stem from the … alleged sexual
abuse of [Victim]” but “the conduct cannot be proven beyond a reasonable
doubt, and no corroborating evidence exists to support the allegations[.]”
Mandez’s Brief at 18. We disagree. As detailed above, the testimony of the
Victim, which was deemed credible by the trial court, see N.T., 6/9/10, at
95, establishes that Mandez sexually abused Victim. There is no
requirement of corroborating testimony, because “[t]he uncorroborated
testimony of a victim, if believed by the trier of fact, is sufficient to convict a
defendant[.]” Commonwealth v. Filer, 846 A.2d 139, 141 (Pa. Super.
2004). Mandez also argues that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the
convictions of unlawful contact with minors and endangering the welfare of
minors because “[d]uring trial there was no mention of [his] intent, motive,
or knowledge with regard to his alleged conduct.” Mandez’s Brief at 18.
This argument is woefully underdeveloped, as Mandez does not cite to or
discuss any relevant authority in support of his position. For that reason, it
is waived. See Commonwealth v. Hunzer, 868 A.2d 498, 516 (Pa. Super.
2005) (holding that an appellant waived a claim where he failed to cite any
legal authority in support of an argument in his appellate brief);
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Commonwealth v. Ellis, 700 A.2d 948, 957 (Pa. Super. 1997) (holding
waiver results if an appellant fails to properly develop an issue or cite to
legal authority to support his contention in his appellate brief); Pa.R.A.P.
2119(b).
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/23/2014
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