In the Interest of: R.W., Appeal of: J.M.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: R.W., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF: J.M. No. 1311 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Order entered July 2, 2014,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County,
Juvenile Division, at No(s): CP-65-DP-0000094-2014
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, and ALLEN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY ALLEN, J.: FILED JANUARY 07, 2015
J.M. (“Mother”) appeals from the order which adjudicated her minor
son, R.W. (“Child”), born in June of 2014, to be dependent. We affirm.
On June 19, 2014, the Westmoreland County Children’s Bureau
(“WCCB”) filed a dependency petition as to Child, alleging that Child’s
biological father (“Father”) was incarcerated, and that he was an indicated
perpetrator of physical and sexual abuse of two of Child’s half-siblings.1 The
petition also alleged that Mother was an indicated perpetrator of medical
neglect for failing to report and failing to act after one of Child’s half-siblings
suffered severe injuries inflicted by Father. The petition indicated that both
Father and Mother were facing criminal charges as a result of their actions.
1
At the time of the adjudication, Father had submitted to a paternity test to
determine whether he was actually the biological father of Child. The results
of that test are not contained in the certified record. However, on appeal,
both Mother and the Guardian ad Litem, who submitted a brief as an
appellee, describe Father as Child’s biological parent.
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WCCB filed a motion for aggravated circumstances as to Mother on June 27,
2014.
A dependency hearing was held on July 2, 2014, during which the trial
court heard the testimony of WCCB caseworker, Paula Cerra; Mother’s
therapist, Benjamin Yaroch; and L.C., Child’s maternal grandmother. An
order adjudicating Child dependent was entered that same day. The order
also found aggravated circumstances as to Mother, and the court issued a
separate aggravated circumstances order as well. On July 31, 2014, Mother
timely filed a notice of appeal, along with a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).
Mother presents the following issues for our review.
I. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion and
committed an error of law in finding that the Westmoreland
County Children’s Bureau proved by clear and convincing
evidence that the minor child, [Child] is dependent based on
hearsay opinion/diagnosis evidence where the declaring party
did not testify.
II. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion and
committed an error of law by basing its ruling on Agency
documents and reports that were not disclosed to Mother prior to
or during the adjudication hearing. Further, the [c]ourt made
findings based on a picture of A.M. and a picture of a text
message which were not entered into evidence and were not
disclosed to Mother. The [c]ourt did not order the Agency to
provide this discovery after Mother’s objections.
III. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt abused its discretion in finding
and committed an error of law by finding that the Westmoreland
County Children’s Bureau proved by clear and convincing
evidence that aggravated circumstances exist as to Mother.
Mother’s Brief at 7 (suggested answers omitted).
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We consider Mother’s issues mindful of the following.
Our Supreme Court set forth our standard of review for
dependency cases as follows.
[T]he standard of review in dependency cases
requires an appellate court to accept the findings of
fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if
they are supported by the record, but does not
require the appellate court to accept the lower
court's inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly,
we review for an abuse of discretion.
In re R.J.T., 608 Pa. 9, 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (2010) (citation
omitted).
To adjudicate a child dependent, a trial court must
determine, by clear and convincing evidence, that the child:
is without proper parental care or control,
subsistence, education as required by law, or other
care or control necessary for his physical, mental, or
emotional health, or morals. A determination that
there is a lack of proper parental care or control may
be based upon evidence of conduct by the parent,
guardian or other custodian that places the health,
safety or welfare of the child at risk.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302. “Clear and convincing” evidence has been
defined as testimony that is “so clear, direct, weighty, and
convincing as to enable the trier of facts to come to a clear
conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in
issue.” In re C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840, 843 (Pa. Super. 1997)
(citation omitted).
In accordance with the overarching purpose of the Juvenile
Act “[t]o preserve the unity of the family whenever possible,”
see 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6301(b)(1), “a child will only be declared
dependent when he is presently without proper parental care
and when such care is not immediately available.” In re R.T.,
405 Pa. Super. 156, 592 A.2d 55, 57 (1991) (citation omitted).
This Court has defined “proper parental care” as “that care which
(1) is geared to the particularized needs of the child and (2) at a
minimum, is likely to prevent serious injury to the child.” In re
C.R.S., supra at 845 (citation omitted).
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In regard to when a child should be removed from parental
custody, we have stated:
The law is clear that a child should be removed
from her parent’s custody and placed in the custody
of a state agency only upon a showing that removal
is clearly necessary for the child's well-being. In
addition, this court had held that clear necessity for
removal is not shown until the hearing court
determines that alternative services that would
enable the child to remain with her family are
unfeasible.
In re K.B., 276 Pa. Super. 380, 419 A.2d 508, 515 (1980)
(citations omitted). In addition, this Court has stated: “[I]t is
not for this [C]ourt, but for the trial court as fact finder, to
determine whether [a child’s] removal from her family was
clearly necessary.” In re S.S., 438 Pa. Super. 62, 651 A.2d
174, 177 (1994).
In re A.B., 63 A.3d 345, 349-50 (Pa. Super. 2013).
Mother’s first claim is that the trial court based its decision to
adjudicate Child dependent on inadmissible hearsay testimony. Mother’s
Brief at 15-17. Mother cites to several instances where the trial court
admitted alleged hearsay evidence over the objection of counsel. Id. at 11.
When we review a trial court ruling on admission of
evidence, we must acknowledge that decisions on admissibility
are within the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be
overturned absent an abuse of discretion or misapplication of
law. In addition, for a ruling on evidence to constitute reversible
error, it must have been harmful or prejudicial to the
complaining party.
An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment,
but if in reaching a conclusion the law is overridden or
misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will,
as shown by the evidence or the record, discretion is abused.
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Phillips v. Lock, 86 A.3d 906, 920 (Pa. Super. 2014) (quoting Stumpf v.
Nye, 950 A.2d 1032, 1035-36 (Pa. Super. 2008), appeal denied, 962 A.2d
1198 (Pa. 2008)).
After a thorough review of the testimony presented during the
dependency hearing, we conclude that Mother is not entitled to relief. Even
if we were to determine that the trial court erroneously admitted certain
hearsay testimony, this would not warrant a reversal of the trial court’s
order. Even excluding the statements to which counsel objected, there was
more than enough testimony produced during the hearing to support the
adjudication of dependency.
Ms. Cerra, the WCCB caseworker, testified that Child’s half-sibling,
A.M., was hospitalized due to “acute injuries to the scrotum.” N.T.,
7/2/2014, at 47. Moreover, at the time A.M. was hospitalized, it was
determined that he had pre-existing facial injuries. A.M.’s facial injuries
were beginning to heal, and it appeared that they had been inflicted days
before the hospitalization. Id. at 47, 64-66. Medical reports indicated that
A.M. was still in severe pain as a result of his facial injuries at the time he
was hospitalized, and Ms. Cerra confirmed, during cross-examination by
Father’s counsel, that according to A.M.’s physician, the injuries “would have
caused severe pain and did require medical attention.” Id. at 48, 65.
Additionally, when Mother sent a picture of A.M.’s face to his biological
father, the father reacted with concern. Id. at 59. Mother responded by
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stating multiple times that she did not want to get others involved, because
she did not want to be investigated. Id. at 59-60. Ms. Cerra testified that,
had she been made aware of A.M.’s facial injuries at the time they occurred,
she would have put a safety plan in place. Id. at 64. She noted that she
saw a picture of A.M.’s face taken prior to his hospitalization, and that she
believed A.M. needed medical care based on viewing the picture. Id. at 30.
In sum, the testimony presented during the dependency hearing
established that A.M. suffered facial injuries causing severe pain, that the
seriousness of A.M.’s injuries was apparent, and that the injuries remained
untreated for days until A.M. was finally hospitalized as a result of injuries to
his scrotum. This evidence by itself is sufficient to affirm the adjudication of
Child’s dependency, as it demonstrates that Mother and Father had, at the
very least, subjected A.M. to inexcusable neglect.
Mother’s next issue is that the trial court abused its discretion by
adjudicating Child dependent based on evidence presented at a custody
hearing involving Mother and the father of Child’s half-siblings. Mother’s
Brief at 17-19. Mother directs our attention to the findings of fact that were
issued by the trial court in conjunction with its dependency order, and
contends that the trial court erroneously took judicial notice of testimony
and exhibits presented at the custody hearing in order to support these
findings. Id.-6-
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Again, we conclude that Mother is not entitled to relief. As we
explained, supra, there was ample testimony presented during the
dependency hearing to support the court’s conclusion that Child should be
adjudicated dependent. Thus, even if we were to conclude that the trial
court erred by taking judicial notice of evidence presented at the custody
hearing, this would not warrant a reversal of the trial court’s order.
Finally, Mother argues that the trial court erred by finding aggravated
circumstances. Id. at 19-20. “Aggravated circumstances” are defined as
follows.
“Aggravated circumstances.” Any of the following
circumstances:
(1) The child is in the custody of a county agency
and either:
(i) the identity or whereabouts of the
parents is unknown and cannot be
ascertained and the parent does not
claim the child within three months of
the date the child was taken into
custody; or
(ii) the identity or whereabouts of the
parents is known and the parents have
failed to maintain substantial and
continuing contact with the child for a
period of six months.
(2) The child or another child of the parent has been
the victim of physical abuse resulting in serious
bodily injury, sexual violence or aggravated physical
neglect by the parent.
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(3) The parent of the child has been convicted of any
of the following offenses where the victim was a
child:
(i) criminal homicide under 18 Pa.C.S.
Ch. 25 (relating to criminal homicide);
(ii) a felony under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2702
(relating to aggravated assault), 3121
(relating to rape), 3122.1 (relating to
statutory sexual assault), 3123 (relating
to involuntary deviate sexual
intercourse), 3124.1 (relating to sexual
assault) or 3125 (relating to aggravated
indecent assault).
(iii) A misdemeanor under 18 Pa.C.S. §
3126 (relating to indecent assault).
(iv) An equivalent crime in another
jurisdiction.
(4) The attempt, solicitation or conspiracy to commit
any of the offenses set forth in paragraph (3).
(5) The parental rights of the parent have been
involuntarily terminated with respect to a child of the
parent.
42 Pa.C.S. § 6302.
Instantly, Mother’s argument with respect to this issue consists of two
sentences with no substantive discussion or citation to authority. See
Mother’s Brief at 19-20. Thus, this claim is waived. Giant Food Stores,
LLC v. THF Silver Spring Development, L.P., 959 A.2d 438, 444 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (“The Rules of Appellate Procedure state unequivocally that
each question an appellant raises is to be supported by discussion and
analysis of pertinent authority. Failure to do so constitutes waiver of the
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claim.”) (citations and quotation marks omitted). Even if Mother had
preserved this claim properly, she would still not be entitled to relief.
Mother merely repeats her argument that the trial court relied erroneously
on hearsay testimony. For the reasons discussed supra, no relief is due.
Accordingly, because we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion by adjudicating Child dependent, we affirm the order of the trial
court.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/7/2015
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