Com. v. Harvey, N.

J-S72021-14
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
NORMAN HARVEY, :
:
Appellant : No. 534 WDA 2014
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 4, 2014,
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lawrence County,
Criminal Division, at No. CP-37-CR-0000954-2010.
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 25, 2015
Appellant, Norman Harvey, appeals pro se from the order denying his
petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.
§§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
In its opinion, the trial court summarized the factual history of this
case as follows:
[A]t approximately 9:30 P.M. on September 19, 2010, the New
Castle Police Department received a telephone call that an
individual was observed meddling with the front door of Mr.
Greek Devasil’s (hereinafter, “Mr. Devasil”) jewelry store located
in the city of New Castle. The store being closed at that time,
Officer Richard Ryhal (hereinafter, “Officer Ryhal”) of the New
Castle Police Department telephoned the owner of the store, Mr.
Devasil, on [Mr. Devasil’s] cell phone and advised him of the
[reason for the] telephone call. Mr. Devasil immediately checked
the video surveillance of his store and reported that the video
surveillance showed that an individual was at the front door of
the store and was trying to gain entrance. Officer Ryhal
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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immediately terminated the telephone call and proceeded
directly to Mr. Devasil’s store, arriving at the store in
approximately one minute.
Mr. Devasil observed [Appellant] at the front door of his
store attempting to gain entrance. When Officer Ryhal arrived at
the scene, [Appellant] began walking towards the police cruiser.
At this time, Mr. Devasil came outside [of] the store and
confirmed to Officer Ryhal that [Appellant] was the person he
saw on the video surveillance and at his front door attempting to
gain entrance. At the time of his arrest, [Appellant] was wearing
a dark blue sweatshirt with the hood over his head, black pants,
black shoes, and a camouflage mask over his face. Subsequent
to placing [Appellant] under arrest, Officer Ryhal searched
[Appellant’s] person and retrieved a pair of pliers, a screwdriver,
a penlight, and a pair of black gloves.
Trial Court Opinion, 11/14/12, at 3-4.
On January 20, 2012, a jury convicted Appellant of the crimes of
criminal attempt to commit burglary, possession of an instrument of crime,
and loitering and prowling at night time. On April 30, 2012, the trial court
sentenced Appellant to serve an aggregate term of incarceration of four and
one-half to fourteen years. Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion,
which was denied by operation of law. On March 12, 2013, a panel of this
Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence. Commonwealth v.
Harvey, 1462 WDA 2012, 69 A.3d 1291 (Pa. Super. filed March 12, 2013)
(unpublished memorandum).
Thereafter, Appellant filed, pro se, the instant PCRA petition. The
PCRA court then appointed counsel to represent Appellant and scheduled a
PCRA hearing. Counsel entered his appearance on behalf of Appellant on
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May 14, 2013. The PCRA court held a hearing on December 11, 2013.
Further, the PCRA court permitted counsel to subsequently file a PCRA brief
on behalf of Appellant. In an order and opinion dated March 4, 2014, the
PCRA court denied Appellant’s PCRA petition. Appellant then filed this timely
appeal pro se. On April 10, 2014, the PCRA court directed Appellant to
comply with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant filed, pro se, a compliant
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement on April 21, 2014. On May 27, 2014, the PCRA
court issued an opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
Appointed counsel filed a motion to withdraw as counsel with the PCRA
court on May 28, 2014, stating that Appellant desired to proceed on appeal
pro se. In addition, Appellant filed, pro se, a handwritten letter dated June
9, 2014, addressed to a deputy prothonotary of this Court entitled
“Application for Stay,” in which Appellant expressed his interest in
proceeding pro se. Appellant also filed with this Court a “Motion for
Extension of Time to File Brief,” dated June 15, 2014. In a per curiam order
dated June 26, 2014, this Court remanded the case to the lower court for a
hearing pursuant to Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998),
suspended the briefing schedule, and dismissed as moot Appellant’s motion
for extension of time to file brief.
In an order filed August 5, 2014, the PCRA court indicated that, upon
remand, it conducted a Grazier hearing and stated that it found “Appellant
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is of the mental and intellectual capacity to understand his request, his
rights and his responsibilities for proceeding pro se and knowingly,
voluntarily and intelligently waives his right to representation by counsel and
reaffirms his desire to proceed in his appeal pro se,” and determined that
Appellant was permitted to proceed pro se. Order, 8/5/14, at 1-2. The
order further appointed stand-by counsel to offer Appellant assistance in
securing materials of record necessary for the PCRA appeal. Id. at 2.
Appellant now presents the following issues for our review, which we
reproduce verbatim:
1. Was the PCRS courts determination that all of the appellants
claims have been fully litigated and waived clearly erroneous ?
2. Was the PCRA courts determination that trial counsel was not
ineffective, clearly erroneous?.
3. Was the PCRA courts determination that appellant was not
prejudiced by the action and/or inaction of defense counsel
clearly erroneous?.
4. Was the PCRA courts determination unsupported by the
documented record ( i.e. PCRA petition, PCRA hearing ) clearly
erroneous,
5. Was the PCRA courts determination that appellant is barred
from seeking Post-conviction Collateral Relief, clearly erroneous,
6. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in failing to disclose to
appellant relationship between juror # 10 and the court?
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
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Our standard of review of an order denying PCRA relief is whether the
record supports the PCRA court’s determination and whether the PCRA
court’s determination is free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Phillips, 31
A.3d 317, 319 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citing Commonwealth v. Berry, 877
A.2d 479, 482 (Pa. Super. 2005)). The PCRA court’s findings will not be
disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the certified record.
Phillips, 31 A.3d at 319 (citing Commonwealth v. Carr, 768 A.2d 1164,
1166 (Pa. Super. 2001)).
In his first issue, Appellant argues that he is entitled to PCRA relief
because the PCRA court erred in denying his PCRA petition without ruling on
the merits of his claim of trial counsel ineffective assistance that was raised
in his pro se PCRA petition and presented during his PCRA hearing on
December 11, 2013.1 Appellant’s Brief at 8. Essentially, Appellant claims
1
We observe that Appellant, in the argument section of his pro se brief,
includes rambling and repetitive discussions that are intermingled among the
various issues he has presented. “Although this Court is willing to liberally
construe materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status confers no special
benefit upon the appellant.” Commonwealth v. Adams, 882 A.2d 496,
498 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citing Commonwealth v. Lyons, 833 A.2d 245,
252 (Pa. Super. 2003)). “To the contrary, any person choosing to represent
himself in a legal proceeding must, to a reasonable extent, assume that his
lack of expertise and legal training will be his undoing.” Adams, 882 A.2d
at 498 (citing Commonwealth v. Rivera, 685 A.2d 1011 (Pa. Super.
1996)). Therefore, we will limit our review of each issue to the topic as
presented under each issue heading. We further note that the headings for
each issue in the argument section of Appellant’s brief to this Court are
basically identical to the issues presented in Appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
statement.
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the PCRA court, in its order and opinion dated March 4, 2014, erred in
addressing only the claims presented by appointed counsel in PCRA counsel’s
supplemental PCRA brief and developed at the PCRA hearing, and in failing
to address the claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel with regard to
jury selection that Appellant presented in his pro se PCRA petition.
In Commonwealth v. Jette, 23 A.3d 1032 (Pa. 2011), our Supreme
Court reiterated its “long-standing policy that precludes hybrid
representation.” Id. at 1036. While Jette involved a counseled appellant
attempting to proceed pro se on appeal, our Supreme Court has also
declared that “there is no constitutional right to hybrid representation . . . at
trial,” Commonwealth v. Ellis, 626 A.2d 1137, 1139 (Pa. 1993), or during
PCRA proceedings. See Commonwealth v. Pursell, 724 A.2d 293, 302
(Pa. 1999) (applying Ellis rationale prohibiting hybrid representation to
PCRA proceedings, stating “[w]e will not require courts considering PCRA
petitions to struggle through the pro se filings of defendants when qualified
counsel represent those defendants”). Accordingly, to the extent that
Appellant asserts the PCRA court erred in failing to address Appellant’s pro
se claims in its opinion dated March 4, 2014, we conclude that this issue
lacks merit.2
2
We note, as will be discussed infra, the PCRA court did address in detail
Appellant’s various pro se claims pertaining to jury selection in its Pa.R.A.P.
1925(a) opinion dated May 27, 2014.
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In his second issue, Appellant argues that he entitled to PCRA relief
because the PCRA court erred in dismissing his PCRA petition without ruling
upon the issues of “abuse of discretion” that occurred when the trial court
failed to ensure that no bias or partiality was present in the jury, i.e.,
Appellant’s right to an impartial jury was violated. Appellant’s Brief at 13.
Within this issue, Appellant makes a bald allegation that one of the jurors
seated in his trial, juror number ten, perjured herself when she failed to
disclose her association with the trial judge during general voir dire, and that
his rights were violated because he was not present when the trial judge
disclosed the association during individual voir dire.
A criminal defendant’s right to an impartial jury is explicitly granted by
Article 1, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution and the Sixth
Amendment of the United States Constitution. Our Supreme Court has long
stated that “the purpose of voir dire is to empanel a fair and impartial jury,
not to empanel a jury sympathetic to positions or beliefs of either party.”
Commonwealth v. Paolello, 665 A.2d 439, 451 (Pa. 1995). As the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court explained in Commonwealth v. Johnson,
305 A.2d 5 (Pa. 1973):
the purpose of the voir dire examination is to disclose
qualifications or lack of qualifications of a juror and in particular
to determine whether a juror has formed a fixed opinion as to
the accused’s guilt or innocence. The law recognizes that it
would be unrealistic to expect jurors to be free from all
prejudices, a failing common to all human beings. We can only
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attempt to have them put aside those prejudices in the
performance of their duty, the determination of guilt or
innocence. We therefore do not expect a tabula rosa but merely
a mind sufficiently conscious of its sworn responsibility and
willing to attempt to reach a decision solely on the facts
presented, assiduously avoiding the influences of irrelevant
factors.
Id. at 8.
With these concepts in mind, we further observe that the manner in
which voir dire will be conducted is left to the discretion of the trial court.
Commonwealth v. Moore, 756 A.2d 64, 65 (Pa. Super. 2000). In
Pennsylvania, the trial judge may determine whether to question the venire
persons collectively or individually. Commonwealth v. Hathaway, 500
A.2d 443, 448 (Pa. Super. 1985) (citing to former Pa.R.Crim.P. 1106, now
Pa.R.Crim.P. 631). See also Commonwealth v. DeHart, 516 A.2d 656,
662 (Pa. 1986) (approving, in capital case, group questioning of jurors
regarding preliminary matters prior to individual voir dire). However, “a
complete denial of the right to an examination of jurors to show bias or
prejudice is a palpable abuse of discretion and entitles the defendant to a
new trial.” Commonwealth v. Holland, 444 A.2d 1179, 1180 (Pa. Super.
1982) (quoting Commonwealth v. Foster, 293 A.2d 94 (Pa. Super.
1972)).
Also, “[c]laims of impartiality by prospective jurors are subject to
scrutiny for credibility and reliability as is any testimony, and the judgment
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of the trial court is necessarily accorded great weight.” Commonwealth v.
Ellison, 902 A.2d 419, 424 (Pa. 2006) (quoting Commonwealth v.
Bachert, 453 A.2d 931, 937 (Pa. 1982)). Decisions of the trial judge
concerning voir dire will therefore not be reversed in the absence of palpable
error. Id. As a general rule, we have consistently explained that an abuse
of discretion is more than just an error in judgment and, on appeal, the trial
court will not be found to have abused its discretion unless the record
discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly unreasonable, or the
result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will. Commonwealth v. Griffin,
804 A.2d 1, 7, 12 (Pa. Super. 2002).
Moreover, we have reiterated that “[p]ursuant to Article I, § 9 of the
Pennsylvania Constitution, and the Sixth Amendment of the federal
constitution as applied to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment due
process clause, defendants have the right to be present during their criminal
trial.” Commonwealth v. Kelly, 78 A.3d 1136, 1141 (Pa. Super. 2013),
appeal denied, 91 A.3d 161 (Pa. 2014) (citations omitted). Likewise, our
Supreme Court has expressed that “a defendant is guaranteed the right to
be present at any stage of the criminal proceeding that is critical to its
outcome if his presence would contribute to the fairness of the procedure.”
Commonwealth v. Hunsberger, 58 A.3d 32, 37 (Pa. 2012) (quoting
Kentucky v. Stincer, 482 U.S. 730, 745 (1987). The United States
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Supreme Court “has explicitly affirmed that voir dire is a critical stage of the
criminal proceeding, during which the defendant has a constitutional right to
be present.” Hunsberger, 58 A.3d at 37 (citing Gomez v. United States,
490 U.S. 858, 873 (1989)). See also Pa.R.Crim.P. 602(A) (“The defendant
shall be present at every stage of the trial including the impaneling of the
jury[.]”). “However, like the [Supreme Court of the United States, our
Supreme] Court has recognized that the right to be present in the courtroom
during one’s [non-capital] trial is not absolute.” Hunsberger, 58 A.3d at
38. Indeed, a “defendant’s presence in chambers and at sidebar is not
required where he is represented by counsel.” Id. at 38 (quoting
Commonwealth v. Boyle, 447 A.2d 250 (Pa. 1982)).
In addressing Appellant’s claim, the PCRA court offered the following
analysis:
In the instant case, [Appellant] was in the courtroom while
the Court and counsel conducted individual voir dire. The fact
that [Appellant] was outside the earshot of voir dire alone is
insufficient to establish prejudice, which would entitle him to
relief. Notably, [Appellant] did not request to be present during
individual voir dire. The Court in Hunsberger found that this
Commonwealth recognizes “that a defendant’s right to
participate in voir dire may be satisfied through procedures that
both ensure the defendant’s right to choose and be tried by a
fair and impartial jury, yet make accommodations for trial court
efficiency and safety, and the comfort protection, and respect for
the jury pool.” [Hunsberger, 58 A.3d] at 40. [Appellant] in the
instant case did not have an absolute right to be present during
individual voir dire. [Appellant’s] trial counsel was present and
participated in voir dire on his behalf in his best interest.
[Appellant] has not established that he suffered any violation of
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his constitutional rights as a result of the voir dire process which
would give him any arguable merit to his ineffectiveness claim.
As a result, the Court did not err in denying [Appellant’s] PCRA
Petition on this basis.
***
During the PCRA hearing, [Appellant’s] [PCRA] counsel
questioned his trial counsel about whether he disclosed [juror
number ten’s] relationship with the Court. Trial counsel
responded that he did not have an opportunity to do so. Trial
counsel explained that he decides “what is in the best interests
of the case and how [he] feel[s] about a certain juror or what
my knowledge is of a juror.” N.T. pg. 21. Trial counsel recalled
that he did not believe [juror number ten] had any bias that
would prejudice [Appellant] if she were chosen to be a juror.
Ultimately, [Appellant’s] trial counsel concluded that [juror
number ten] could be an impartial juror. Neither [juror number
ten] nor the Court believed that this relationship would hinder
[juror number ten’s] ability to be a fair and impartial juror. As a
result, [Appellant’s] rights were not violated and the Court did
not err in denying his PCRA Petition in this regard.
PCRA Court Opinion, 5/27/14, at 3-5. We agree with the PCRA court that
there is no merit to Appellant’s allegations pertaining to juror number ten.
Our review of the record reflects that at the beginning of voir dire, the
trial judge conducted group questioning, during which the prospective jurors
were asked to rise from their seats if any of the questions pertained to them.
During the group voir dire, the trial judge posed a question to the jury panel
asking whether potential jurors had particular types of associations with the
various parties and the court, and the following question was posed by the
trial judge to the potential jurors:
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Are any of you related by blood or marriage to or do you have
any close association with [Appellant], defense counsel, the
Assistant District Attorney or Officer Ryhal or to me, Judge
Piccione? If so, please rise.
Let the record reflect no one has risen.
N.T., 1/17/12, at 26-27 (emphasis added).
To support his allegation that juror number ten committed perjury,
Appellant relies upon the fact that juror number ten did not rise when
presented with the voir dire question from the judge. However, there is no
indication anywhere in the record to reflect that the trial judge and juror
number ten had a “close association” that would have required her to rise
from her seat in response to the question.
To combat the lack of evidence to support that a “close association”
existed between the trial judge and juror number ten, Appellant relies upon
the following from the subsequent individual voir dire of juror number ten:
THE COURT: Next one is [juror number ten], who I know she’s a
master gardener. [Juror number ten].
([Juror number ten] enters at this time.)
THE COURT: [Juror number ten].
[JUROR NUMBER TEN]: Hi.
THE COURT: Please have a seat. I have already told them
you’re a master gardener who I look up to and we know each
other.
[JUROR NUMBER TEN]: Okay.
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N.T., 1/17/12, at 186. The simple fact that the trial judge acknowledged
that he “looked up to” juror number ten as “a master gardener” and
informed counsel that they knew each other does not support the notion that
juror number ten and the trial judge had a “close relationship” as mentioned
during the group voir dire. Moreover, the fact that juror number ten was
known by the trial judge as a master gardener does not support the
suggestion that she was not able to act as a fair and impartial juror.
The record further reflects that during individual voir dire juror number
ten offered a candid discussion pertaining to the death of her two brothers,
one of whom was killed by a police officer, both over twenty-five years
before Appellant’s trial, and her ability to remain impartial as a juror. N.T.,
1/17/12, at 187-189. Juror ten was also forthright concerning her
experience as a youth development teacher, the fact that her brother-in-law
was a retired constable, and her ability to not allow those facts to affect her
impartiality. Id. at 189-190. At the conclusion of individual voir dire for
juror number ten, the following transpired:
THE COURT: [Juror number ten], if you’re selected as a trial
juror, can you assure the Court that despite what you disclosed
to the Court and revealed that you could set those experiences
aside and if selected as a trial juror that you could fairly and
impartially determine the innocence or guilt of [Appellant] based
solely upon the evidence that’s presented, the reasonable
inferences that could be drawn from the evidence and the law as
explained to you?
[JUROR NUMBER TEN]: Yes, I could.
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Id. at 190.
At Appellant’s PCRA hearing, trial counsel testified regarding juror
selection, and the following transpired:
[PCRA COUNSEL]: All right. The information about [juror
number ten], because it was brought out in the jury selection
room, was -- did you ever make that known to [Appellant] once
you exited the room?
[TRIAL COUNSEL]: Not to my recollection, no. I -- I thought
[juror number ten] was going to be a very good juror in terms of
our case, and I knew her family background, I knew her -- the
Robinson family. It seemed to me that we would want her on
the jury. Even though she -- she was -- she had some
familiarity with Judge Piccione, I didn’t see that as a reason to
cause any red flags or anything of that nature. She was
apparently in the master gardening program, and as Judge
Piccione indicated, he was also in that program. I didn’t see that
as anything that would raise an issue for striking her. Again, I
felt that she would be a favorable juror to have, and that was
my opinion.
N.T., 12/11/13, at 19-20.
The record reveals no evidence indicating an inability of juror number
ten to be fair or impartial, or an abuse of discretion by the PCRA court in
handling this matter. Our careful review of the testimony reveals no record
of prejudice in the selected jurors that would compel this Court to conclude
that the PCRA court erred in addressing this issue. Hence, we conclude that
Appellant’s claim lacks merit.
In his third issue, Appellant argues that he is entitled to PCRA relief
because the PCRA court erred in denying Appellant’s PCRA petition without
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ruling upon the initial issues of ineffective assistance of counsel that
occurred by trial counsel’s “failure to protect” Appellant’s due process rights
during voir dire. Appellant’s Brief at 19. Essentially, Appellant is arguing
that his trial counsel was ineffective in handling the matter concerning juror
number ten.
In order to succeed on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, an
appellant must demonstrate (1) that the underlying claim is of arguable
merit; (2) that counsel’s performance lacked a reasonable basis; and (3)
that the ineffectiveness of counsel caused the appellant prejudice.
Commonwealth v. Pierce, 786 A.2d 203, 213 (Pa. 2001).
We have explained that trial counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for
failing to pursue a meritless claim. Commonwealth v. Loner, 836 A.2d
125, 132 (Pa. Super. 2003) (en banc). Moreover, with regard to the second
prong, we have reiterated that trial counsel’s approach must be “so
unreasonable that no competent lawyer would have chosen it.”
Commonwealth v. Ervin, 766 A.2d 859, 862-863 (Pa. Super. 2000)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Miller, 431 A.2d 233 (Pa. 1981)).
Our Supreme Court has long defined “reasonableness” as follows:
Our inquiry ceases and counsel’s assistance is deemed
constitutionally effective once we are able to conclude that the
particular course chosen by counsel had some reasonable basis
designed to effectuate his client’s interests. The test is not
whether other alternatives were more reasonable, employing a
hindsight evaluation of the record. Although weigh the
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alternatives we must, the balance tips in favor of a finding of
effective assistance as soon as it is determined that trial
counsel’s decision had any reasonable basis.
Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973, 975 (Pa. 1987) (quoting
Commonwealth ex rel. Washington v. Maroney, 235 A.2d 349 (Pa.
1967)) (emphasis in original).
In addition, we are mindful that prejudice requires proof that there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error, the outcome of the
proceeding would have been different. Pierce, 786 A.2d at 213. “A failure
to satisfy any prong of the ineffectiveness test requires rejection of the claim
of ineffectiveness.” Commonwealth v. Daniels, 963 A.2d 409, 419 (Pa.
2009) (citing Commonwealth v. Sneed, 899 A.2d 1067 (Pa. 2006)). Thus,
when it is clear that a petitioner has failed to meet the prejudice prong of an
ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the claim may be disposed of on that
basis alone, without a determination of whether the first two prongs have
been met. Commonwealth v. Baker, 880 A.2d 654, 656 (Pa. Super.
2005).
It is presumed that the petitioner’s counsel was effective, unless the
petitioner proves otherwise. Commonwealth v. Williams, 732 A.2d 1167,
1177 (Pa. 1999). We are bound by the PCRA court’s credibility
determinations where there is support for them in the record.
Commonwealth v. Battle, 883 A.2d 641, 648 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citing
Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, 720 A.2d 79 (Pa. 1998)).
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Furthermore, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are not self-
proving. Commonwealth v. Wharton, 811 A.2d 978, 986 (Pa. 2002).
“[A] post-conviction petitioner must, at a minimum, present argumentation
relative to each layer of ineffective assistance, on all three prongs of the
ineffectiveness standard….” Commonwealth v. D’Amato, 856 A.2d 806,
812 (Pa. 2004). “[A]n underdeveloped argument, which fails to
meaningfully discuss and apply the standard governing the review of
ineffectiveness claims, simply does not satisfy Appellant’s burden of
establishing that he is entitled to relief.” Commonwealth v. Bracey, 795
A.2d 935, 940 n.4 (Pa. 2001).
Even if we were to presume that in his appellate brief to this Court
Appellant has presented proper argumentation pertaining to the first two
prongs of the ineffectiveness standard, we must conclude that Appellant has
offered no relevant discussion addressing the third prong, i.e., that the
alleged ineffectiveness of counsel caused Appellant prejudice. Indeed,
Appellant has failed to establish that, but for trial counsel’s alleged error
during voir dire, the outcome of the proceeding would have been different.
Pierce, 786 A.2d at 213. As we stated in Baker, when a petitioner has
failed to meet the prejudice prong of an ineffective assistance of counsel
claim, the claim may be disposed of on that basis alone, without a
determination of whether the first two prongs have been met. Baker, 880
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A.2d at 656. Accordingly, Appellant’s underdeveloped argument, which fails
to meaningfully discuss the prejudice prong governing the review of
ineffectiveness claims, does not satisfy the burden of establishing that
Appellant is entitled to relief. Bracey, 795 A.2d at 940 n.4. Thus, this claim
does not warrant relief.
In his fourth issue, Appellant argues he is entitled to PCRA relief
because the PCRA court erred by not addressing all of his issues raised at
the PCRA hearing. Appellant’s Brief at 22. Within this argument, Appellant
presents two issues: (1) that the PCRA court erred in failing to address the
issues raised in his pro se PCRA petition, and (2) in filing a supplemental
brief with the PCRA court, PCRA counsel was ineffective for abandoning
issues raised in Appellant’s pro se PCRA petition.
At the outset, we note that we addressed the initial portion of
Appellant’s argument in response to his first issue raised. Indeed, we
concluded, supra, that Appellant’s claim that the PCRA court erred in failing
to address the issues raised in his pro se PCRA petition lack merit. For the
reasons stated above, the claim continues to lack merit.
In addition, in the argument portion of his appellate brief addressing
issue number four, Appellant attempts to present a claim that his PCRA
counsel was ineffective for failing to present the issue pertaining to juror
number ten in the supplemental brief filed with the PCRA court after the
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PCRA hearing. Appellant’s Brief at 23-25. However, it is well-settled that
claims of ineffectiveness of PCRA counsel must be raised before the PCRA
court prior to the filing of an appeal. See Commonwealth v. Ford, 44
A.3d 1190, 1200, 1201 (Pa. Super. 2012) (stating that “issues of PCRA
counsel effectiveness must be raised in a serial PCRA petition or in response
to a notice of dismissal before the PCRA court” and holding that “absent
recognition of a constitutional right to effective collateral review counsel,
claims of PCRA counsel ineffectiveness cannot be raised for the first time
after a notice of appeal has been taken from the underlying PCRA matter”);
Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 20, 30 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en
banc), appeal denied, 101 A.3d 785 (Pa. 2014) (discussing Supreme Court
cases that preclude raising PCRA counsel ineffectiveness claims for the first
time on appeal and finding waived the appellant’s claims of PCRA counsel’s
ineffectiveness that were raised for the first time in a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
statement filed after his notice of appeal). See also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a)
(stating that issues cannot be raised for the first time on appeal).
Accordingly, we are constrained to conclude that Appellant has waived his
claim of PCRA counsel’s alleged ineffective assistance by not raising it before
the PCRA court. Hence, we cannot address this claim on appeal.
In his fifth issue, Appellant argues that he is entitled to PCRA relief
because the PCRA court erred in failing to rule on the issues of “actual bias”
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and “prejudice” pertaining to juror number ten’s association with the trial
court. Appellant’s Brief at 26. Again, Appellant claims that juror number ten
“abjured” her oath by failing to disclose her connection to the trial court
during group voir dire. As we discussed above in our review of issue number
two, the allegation that juror number ten committed perjury during group
voir dire lacks merit. Contrary to Appellant’s allegations, there is no
indication in the record to reflect that the trial judge and juror number ten
had a “close association” that would have required a response from juror
number ten during the group voir dire. Therefore, for the reasons cited
above, we again conclude that this claim lacks merit.
In his sixth issue, Appellant argues that he is “entitled to PCRA relief
under the umbrella of ineffective assistance of counsel for the ‘serial’ failure
of said counsels to raise Brady[3] and prosecutorial misconduct issues” of
the Assistant District Attorney’s suppression of juror number ten’s
association with the trial court. Appellant’s Brief at 29. Appellant contends
that this was favorable material evidence, and he was prejudiced by its
omission.
We observe that Appellant’s reliance upon Brady is misplaced. “In
Brady, the United States Supreme Court held that ‘the suppression by the
prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates due
3
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).
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process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment,
irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.’”
Commonwealth v. Lambert, 884 A.2d 848, 853 (Pa. 2005) (quoting
Brady, 373 U.S. at 87). “The duty to disclose under Brady encompasses
impeachment evidence as well as exculpatory evidence.” Commonwealth
v. Simpson, 66 A.3d 253, 266 (Pa. 2013). “On the question of materiality,
the Court has noted that such evidence is material ‘if there is a reasonable
probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result
of the proceeding would have been different.’” Commonwealth v. Burke,
781 A.2d 1136, 1141 (Pa. 2001) (quoting Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S.
263, 281 (1999)).
We fail to see how the fact that juror number ten and the trial judge
knew each other prior to trial amounts to Brady material. This fact is not
material either to Appellant’s guilt or to punishment. Nor can it be said that
the connection between juror number ten and the trial judge was
impeachment or exculpatory evidence such that it amounted to Brady
material. Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that the prosecution
failed to disclose to the defense any connection between juror number ten
and the trial judge. Accordingly, Appellant’s claim lacks merit.
Moreover, even if we were to presume for the sake of argument that
the connection between juror number ten and the trial judge amounted to
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material evidence such that Brady would be implicated, we note that
defense counsel was made aware of the connection prior to trial. As our
Supreme Court has explained, a Brady claim will fail if trial counsel is aware
of the Brady material. Simpson, 66 A.3d at 268 n.20. Here, the record
reflects that during individual voir dire, the trial judge informed both parties
of his connection with juror number ten. For this reason as well, the claim
lacks merit.4
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/25/2015
4
To the extent that Appellant attempts to argue that prior counsel were
ineffective in this regard, we note that Appellant has completely failed to
present the appropriate three-prong analysis necessary to secure such a
claim. Appellant’s Brief at 29-32. Thus, we decline to address the merits of
an ineffective assistance of counsel issue pertaining to the alleged Brady
material.
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