Com. v. Rivera, N.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
NELSON ORTIZ RIVERA :
:
Appellant : No. 774 EDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 11, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-39-CR-0002326-2017
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., DUBOW, J., and NICHOLS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J.: FILED MAY 24, 2019
Nelson Rivera Ortiz1 appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in
the Lehigh County Court of Common Pleas following his guilty plea for arson.
Rivera argues the court imposed an excessive sentence. We affirm.
On February 5, 2017, Allentown Police and fire departments responded
to 414 Washington Street in Allentown, Pennsylvania (“the Property”) for a
house fire. Allentown Fire Department officials declared the fire a second alarm
due to reports of people entrapped inside the residence.
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1We note that Appellant’s last name in the caption is listed as “Ortiz Rivera.”
However, Appellant stated on the record at his guilty plea hearing that his last
name is pronounced “Rivera Ortiz.” See N.T., Guilty Plea Hearing,
10/27/2017, at 2-3. We will refer to Appellant as “Rivera” for consistency.
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Firefighters extinguished the fire and performed a search of the Property
as well as the home next door. One firefighter was injured during the course
of battling the fire.
Fire Marshal Ian Lenig investigated the scene and noticed what appeared
to be a burn pattern from a liquid poured on a wooden floor on the first floor.
The fire department’s K-9 dog made multiple indications of possible
accelerants at the scene.
Fire Marshal Lenig also noted that the intensity and rapid growth of the
fire indicated the potential that the fire was fueled by an ignitable liquid. He
ruled out the electrical sources as the cause of the fire in the area of origin,
and determined that the cause of the fire was an incendiary.
Abdul Outlaw was sleeping on the third floor of the Property on the day
of the fire when he heard someone enter the home. He assumed it was the
other occupants of the home returning from church. He continued to sleep
until he was awoken by the fire alarm. He ran downstairs to find mattresses
on the first floor on fire. He tried to put the fire out with water but fled the
home when that seemed to fuel the fire more.
Juminia Lopez, who leased the Property, arrived at the scene from
church. Rivera is Lopez’s former boyfriend and father of her three2 children.
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2 Lopez testified that she has four children who all lived at the Property with
her. Three of the children are Rivera’s natural children, while one daughter is
not his biological child but considers Rivera to be her father. See N.T.,
Sentencing Hearing, at 18 and 48.
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The children had received word from Rivera, via Facebook, that the house was
on fire.
On October 27, 2017, Rivera entered an open plea to a charge of Arson,
graded as a felony of the first degree. Rivera admitted to entering the home
and setting some mattresses located on the first floor on fire with a cigarette
lighter he found on the staircase. He stated his intent was to scare his ex-
girlfriend and that he knew Lopez and the children were at church at the time.
He stated he did not know Outlaw was living there. The Commonwealth
asserted that he intentionally placed the fire but that he was not trying to
injure anyone. The court delayed sentencing for preparation of a pre-sentence
investigation report due to the seriousness of case.
On December 11, 2017, Rivera was sentenced to the maximum penalty
of not less than ten, nor more than twenty years’ incarceration, plus
restitution. He was also ordered to have no direct or indirect contact with
Lopez or any of the four children. His sentence was to run consecutive to any
sentence he was currently serving3.
Rivera filed a post-sentence motion for reconsideration and modification
of sentence arguing that the deadly weapon enhancement4 should not have
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3 At the time of the offense, Rivera was on parole for attempted homicide for
which he received a sentence of fifteen to thirty years. Rivera indicated during
his Guilty Plea Hearing that he had fourteen years left on the prior sentence.
4 Rivera’s counsel indicated that the deadly weapon enhancement was not
raised by either counsel but was instead something injected by the person
who created the presentence report.
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been imposed. The court granted the motion while keeping the sentence
intact. Specifically, the judge noted that under the facts the standard range
should be sixty to seventy-eight months, plus or minus twelve but that he
would have sentenced Rivera to the statutory maximum of ten to twenty
years’ either way.
On appeal, Rivera argues his outside the guidelines sentence is
excessive and the court failed to consider mitigating factors. Rivera concedes
his argument raises a challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentence.
“A challenge to the discretionary aspects of a sentence must be considered a
petition for permission to appeal, as the right to pursue such a claim is not
absolute.” Commonwealth v. McAfee, 849 A.2d 270, 274 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(citation omitted).
An appellant challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence
must invoke this Court’s jurisdiction by satisfying a four-part test:
[W]e conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal; (2) whether the issue
was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider
and modify sentence; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal
defect; and (4) whether there is a substantial question that the
sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the Sentencing
Code.
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations
omitted; brackets in original).
Here, Rivera preserved his issue through a timely motion for
reconsideration of the sentence imposed, and filed a timely appeal. Counsel
has included the required Rule 2119(f) statement. We therefore review the
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Rule 2119(f) statement to determine if Rivera has raised a substantial
question.
We examine an appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement to determine
whether a substantial question exists. See Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870
A.2d 362, 365 (Pa. Super. 2005). “Our inquiry must focus on the reasons for
which the appeal is sought, in contrast to the facts underlying the appeal,
which are necessary only to decide the appeal on the merits.” Id. (citation
and emphasis omitted); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f).
Rivera “must show that there is a substantial question that the sentence
imposed is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code.” McAfee, 849 A.2d at
274 (citation omitted). That is, “the sentence violates either a specific
provision of the sentencing scheme set forth in the Sentencing Code or a
particular fundamental norm underlying the sentencing process.” Tirado, 870
A.2d at 365.
In Rivera’s Rule 2119(f) statement, he claims that the trial court abused
its discretion “when it imposed a harsh and excessive sentence contrary to the
fundamental norms of the sentencing guidelines.” Appellant’s Brief, at 12.
Specifically, he believes the court “failed to set forth legally or factually
supported reasons for the imposition of the maximum sentence for the Arson
offense which sentence was well beyond the Standard and Aggravated
Guideline Ranges as applied to the Defendant.” Id. As this claim raises a
substantial question, we proceed to examine the merits of Rivera’s sentencing
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challenge. See Commonwealth v. Rodda, 723 A.2d 212, 214 (Pa. Super.
1999) (finding an assertion that the trial court failed to sufficiently state its
reasons for imposing a sentence outside the sentencing guidelines raises a
substantial question for review).
Our standard of review for a challenge to the discretionary aspects of
sentencing is as follows:
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the
sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its
judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
Commonwealth v. Shugars, 895 A.2d 1270, 1275 (Pa. Super. 2006)
(citation omitted).
In imposing a sentence, the court must consider relevant statutory
factors, including “the protection of the public, the gravity of an offense as it
relates to the impact on the life of the victim and on the community, and the
rehabilitative needs of the defendant.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b). A court has
broad discretion in fashioning its sentence. See Commonwealth v. Walls,
926 A.2d 957, 962-63 (Pa. 2007). While the court is required to consider the
sentence ranges set forth in the sentencing guidelines, it is not bound by them.
See Commonwealth v. Yuhasz, 923 A.2d 1111, 1118 (Pa. 2007).
The court may depart from the “guidelines, if necessary, to fashion a
sentence which takes into account the protection of the public, the
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rehabilitative needs of the defendant, and the gravity of the particular offense
as it related to the impact on the life of the victim and the community[.]”
Commonwealth v. Eby, 784 A.2d 204, 206 (Pa. Super. 2001) (citation
omitted). If the court imposes a sentence outside the guideline ranges, it must
place adequate reasons for the deviation in the record. See Commonwealth
v. P.L.S., 894 A.2d 120, 129-130 (Pa. Super. 2006).
Rivera contends the trial court failed to adequately set forth appropriate
reasons for imposing a sentence far in excess of the aggravating range and
that even after finding the deadly weapon enhancement did not apply, the
court “gave no other significant basis for continuing to impose the maximum
sentence.” Appellant’s Brief, at 15. Further, he argues the court failed to give
any explanation as to why the guideline reduction would not apply to the
sentence. See id.We find Rivera’s claims are completely belied by the record. The trial
court very specifically set forth its reasons on the record during the initial
sentencing hearing for imposing a sentence that it recognized was the
maximum penalty allowed by law and was above the aggravated range5 of the
sentencing guidelines. See N.T., Sentencing Hearing, 12/11/2017, at 40. The
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5 Rivera has a prior record score of 4 and the offense gravity score is 11,
therefore the standard range guideline was sixty to seventy-eight months plus
or minus twelve. See N.T., Guilt Plea Hearing, 10/27/2017, at 2. The standard
guideline range with the enhancement was seventy-eight to ninety-six months
plus or minus twelve. See id., at 3-4
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court listed ten specific reasons, which were also included in the special
provisions portion of the sentencing sheet. These reasons included that Rivera
was not allowed to be at Lopez’s home at the time of the offense due to a PFA
order against him; an individual was home at the time of the offense; a
firefighter was injured while putting out the fire; three family pets were killed
as a result of the fire; Rivera was on parole for attempted criminal homicide
at the time of the offense; Lopez and their children suffered considerable loss
of personal property; the target home as well as the neighboring home were
damaged; people were present in the neighboring home; and finally Rivera
was a poor candidate for rehabilitation given his criminal history and age. See
id., at 40-43. The court also noted that this was an open plea and therefore
there was no agreement to a minimum or maximum sentence.
Additionally, at the hearing on Rivera’s post-sentence motion, the court
explicitly stated that it was leaving the original sentence intact for the specific
reasons it had previously indicated on the record at the initial sentencing
hearing and which were detailed in the special provisions portion of the
sentencing sheet.
After careful review of the record, we find these reasons were more than
sufficient for the court to impose a sentence outside the guideline range
despite the absence of the enhancement. The court very clearly explained that
although it would grant the motion to vacate the deadly weapon enhancement
that it would not modify the sentence because the court was standing by its
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decision to sentence Rivera to the statutory maximum, outside the guidelines,
no matter what the standard range was. Even during the initial sentencing
hearing, the court openly recognized on the record both the standard range
with the enhancement as well as the standard range without the enhancement
but that either way “clearly this is the maximum sentence and warranted in
this case.” N.T., Sentencing Hearing, 12/11/2017, at 42.
Finally, the trial court made its sentencing decision after hearing
argument from both sides, including statements from the victims and the
defendant, as well as after full consideration of a pre-sentence report. Where
the trial court had the benefit of reviewing a pre-sentence report, we must
presume that the sentencing judge was aware of relevant
information regarding the defendant’s character and weighed
those considerations along with mitigating statutory factors. A
pre-sentence report constitutes the record and speaks for itself.
In order to dispel any lingering doubt as to our intention of
engaging in an effort of legal purification, we state clearly that
sentencers are under no compulsion to employ checklists or any
extended or systematic definitions of their punishment procedure.
Having been fully informed by the pre-sentence report, the
sentencing court’s discretion should not be disturbed. This is
particularly true, we repeat, in those circumstances where it can
be demonstrated that the judge had any degree of awareness of
the sentencing considerations, and there we will presume also that
the weighing process took place in a meaningful fashion. It would
be foolish, indeed, to take the position that if a court is in
possession of the facts, it will fail to apply them to the case at
hand.
Commonwealth v. Hallock, 603 A.2d 612, 616 (Pa. Super. 1992).
As the trial court in this case had the benefit of a pre-sentence report,
combined with the trial court’s explicit consideration of Rivera’s parole status
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at the time of the offense, the gravity of the offense, and the impact on the
victims, we conclude that it considered all relevant sentencing factors and
offered adequate reasons on the record for deviating from the sentencing
guidelines to fashion a sentence at the maximum statutory range. Therefore,
we affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/24/2019
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