Com. v. Olmo, E.

J-A13015-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ELIO OLMO :
:
Appellant : No. 1438 EDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered April 19, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0010416-2016,
CP-51-CR-0010417-2016
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., NICHOLS, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED AUGUST 20, 2019
Elio Olmo (“Appellant”) appeals from the judgment of sentence entered
on April 19, 2018, after a jury convicted him of multiple sexual offenses
against his niece, D.G., at CP-51-CR-0010416-2016, and against D.G.’s older
cousin, M.R., at CP-51-CR-0010417-2016. We affirm.
The trial court has provided a detailed account of the facts in its opinion
filed pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a). Trial Court Opinion, 7/3/18, at 3–8.
Thus, we need only provide a brief summary, as follows: D.G. was born in
October 2000; Appellant was born in November 1989. N.T., 9/14/17, at 58,
210. Between 2007 and 2010, Appellant sexually assaulted D.G. on multiple
occasions. Id. at 61–115. M.R. was born in September 1991. Id. at 189.
Between 2005 and 2010, M.R. was in a romantic relationship with Appellant
from the time she was thirteen years old until she was eighteen years old. Id.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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at 191. In May 2010, upon learning that M.R. was attending her senior prom
with a friend, Appellant physically assaulted M.R. and then raped her; she was
eighteen years old at the time. Id. at 200–207.
Neither D.G. nor M.R. told anybody about the assaults when they
occurred. N.T., 9/14/17, at 92, 207. Years later, D.G. told her younger sister.
Id. at 115, 118, 255. Several months later, on March 12, 2016, D.G.’s
younger sister informed D.G.’s mother that Appellant had molested D.G. Id.
at 258, 269–274. D.G.’s mother contacted the police, who interviewed D.G.
and M.R.. Id. at 123–124, 155, 157, 214, 272. The police arrested Appellant
on October 17, 2016. Id. at 159, 296. When Appellant’s sister asked him
about the allegations during a telephone conversation, Appellant admitted,
“Something did go down.” Id. at 286–287.
At CP-51-CR-0010416-2016, the jury convicted Appellant of rape of a
child, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse (“IDSI”) with a child, unlawful
contact with a minor, indecent assault of a person less than thirteen years of
age, and corruption of a minor.1 At CP-51-CR-0010417-2016, the jury
convicted Appellant of rape by forcible compulsion, aggravated assault, and
indecent assault without the consent of another.2 The trial court deferred
sentencing until completion of pre-sentence, mental health, and sexually
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1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3121(c), 3123(b), 6318(a), 3126(a)(7), and 6301(a)(1)(ii),
respectively.
2 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3121(a)(1)–(2), 2702(a)(1), and 3126(a)(7), respectively.
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violent predator reports. After granting several continuances, the trial court
sentenced Appellant on February 26, 2018, to incarceration for an aggregate
term of eight to sixteen years, followed by five years of reporting probation.
The trial court did not impose sex-offender-registration requirements.
The Commonwealth filed a motion for reconsideration of sentence on
March 3, 2018. Following a hearing on April 19, 2018, to determine if sex-
offender-registration requirements applied to Appellant, the trial court
determined that the recently enacted Act 2018-103 applied to Appellant.
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3 The trial court explained:
On November 22, 2017, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
issued its holding in Commonwealth v. Derhammer, 173 A.3d
723 (Pa. 2017), which clarified that Megan’s Law III sentencing
requirements did not apply to sexual offenders who committed
acts between November 24, 2004 and December 20, 2012,
effectively eliminating the registration requirement for such
offenders. In response, the Pennsylvania State Legislature passed
2018 Pa.L.S. Act 2018-10, which established [enforceable]
registration requirements [for] sex offenders who committed acts
during the time period when Megan’s Law III [was ruled not to
apply].
Trial Court Opinion, 7/3/18, at 2 n.1.
The issue of whether Act 10 is constitutional is currently pending before
the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Commonwealth v. LaCombe, 35 MAP
2018 (Pa. 2018). Additionally, on August 6, 2019, this Court certified for en
banc consideration the issue of whether the internet publication provisions of
42 Pa.C.S. § 9699.63, as set forth in Act 10, may be applied retroactively to
pre-SORNA offenders without violating ex post facto laws. Commonwealth
v. Moore, ___ A.3d ___, 1566 WDA 2018 (Pa. Super. 2019)
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Consequently, it imposed lifetime registration requirements on Appellant at
both dockets. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. Appellant and the trial
court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.4
On appeal, Appellant presents the following questions for our review.
1. Did the court err by granting the motion in limine of the
Commonwealth to exclude a statement from the police
statement of [M.R.] that she had been molested before?
2. Was there insufficient evidence to convict Appellant Elio Olmo
of rape and related offenses?
Appellant’s Brief at 3.
Because a successful sufficiency-of-the-evidence claim warrants
discharge on the pertinent crime, we address Appellant’s second issue first.
Commonwealth v. Toritto, 67 A.3d 29, 33 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation
omitted). Appellant asserts there was insufficient evidence to support his
conviction of rape and related offenses. Appellant’s Brief at 27. Specifically,
Appellant contends that the lack of physical evidence and prompt complaint,
as well as the fact that both victims testified to being assaulted when other
people were present, failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he
committed rape. Id. at 27–29.
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4 In violation of Pa.R.A.P. 2111(a)(11), Appellant has failed to attach to his
appellate brief a copy of his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained
of on appeal.
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The Commonwealth asserts that Appellant has waived his sufficiency
argument on appeal because the “claim is wholly undeveloped.”
Commonwealth’s Brief at 10. We agree.
In order to preserve a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence on
appeal, an appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement must state with specificity
the element or elements upon which the appellant alleges that the evidence
was insufficient. Commonwealth v. Gibbs, 981 A.2d 274, 281 (Pa. Super.
2009). “Such specificity is of particular importance in cases where, as here,
[Appellant] was convicted of multiple crimes each of which contains numerous
elements that the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Id. at 281 (internal citation omitted).
Here, Appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement generally alleges that
there was insufficient evidence “to convict [Appellant] of any charges.”
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement, 6/17/18, at ¶ 2. Similarly, although Appellant
cites to legal authority regarding a sufficiency claim in general and the crime
of rape specifically in his appellate brief, he fails to develop any meaningful
argument regarding the sufficiency of the Commonwealth’s evidence as to any
of the offenses charged. Appellant’s Brief at 27–29. Thus, we conclude that
Appellant has waived his sufficiency claim.5
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5 Even if not waived, Appellant’s sufficiency claim would not warrant relief.
In reaching this conclusion, we rely on the trial court’s well-reasoned analysis
in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion. Trial Court Opinion, 7/3/18, at 10–15.
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Appellant’s second issue challenges the trial court’s decision to preclude
a comment made by M.R. in her statement to the police. Appellant’s Brief at
24. The trial court provides the context of Appellant’s first issue:
In her March 31, 2016 statement to police [M.R.] stated that
she had previously been molested, but provided no additional
details. At trial, the Commonwealth filed a Motion in Limine to
have that remark excluded on the basis of relevance and its
potential to confuse the jury, as nothing in the statement indicated
that [M.R.] was referring to [Appellant’s] sexual conduct. N.T.
9/14/2017 at 7–11. This [c]ourt agreed that the statement was
irrelevant and . . . exclude[d] it. Id. at 11.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/3/18, at 8–9.
The following standards of review guide our review:
When ruling on a trial court’s decision to grant or deny a motion
in limine, we apply an evidentiary abuse of discretion standard of
review. The admission of evidence is committed to the sound
discretion of the trial court, and a trial court’s ruling regarding the
admission of evidence will not be disturbed on appeal unless that
ruling reflects manifest unreasonableness, or partiality, prejudice,
bias, or ill-will, or such lack of support to be clearly erroneous.
Commonwealth v. Moser, 999 A.2d 602, 605 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citation
omitted). To the extent that Appellant’s question raises a Confrontation
Clause issue, our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is
plenary. Commonwealth v. Tejada, 161 A.3d 313, 317 (Pa. Super.
2017) (citation omitted).
Appellant argues that the comment at issue was evidence of M.R.’s past
sexual conduct, admissible to challenge her credibility and demonstrate that
she fabricated the allegations against Appellant. Appellant’s Brief at 24.
Specifically, Appellant asserts that M.R.’s comment and her delay in reporting
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the rape suggest that she fabricated the allegations against him. Id. at 25.
Appellant also contends that the jury’s initial inability to reach a verdict on all
charges suggests that it struggled with M.R.’s credibility. Id. at (duplicate
25).
In support of his position, Appellant cites Commonwealth v. Palmore,
195 A.3d 291 (Pa. Super. 2018). Therein:
[Palmore] sought to admit evidence that he witnessed Victim
perform oral sex on his roommate. [Palmore] argued that he
confronted Victim about cheating on her boyfriend with his
roommate and that he later informed Victim’s boyfriend about the
encounter. He testified that he verbally informed Victim’s
boyfriend of the encounter and then communicated about the
encounter in a Facebook Messenger conversation with Victim’s
boyfriend. [Palmore] theorized that Victim accused him of sexual
assault so that her boyfriend would not believe his story that he
witnessed Victim engaging in sexual conduct with [Palmore’s]
roommate.
Id. at 294–295.
The trial court disposed of Appellant’s evidentiary challenge with the
following analysis:
Evidence is relevant if it has any tendency to make a fact
more or less probable than it would be without the evidence, and
the fact is of consequence in determining the action. Pa.R.E. 401.
All relevant evidence is admissible, except as otherwise provided
by law, while evidence that is not relevant is not admissible.
Pa.R.E. 402. The [c]ourt may exclude relevant evidence [if] its
probative value is outweighed by a danger of unfair prejudice,
confusing the issues, or misleading the jury. Pa.R.E. 403.
* * *
[Appellant] contends that the exclusion of [M.R.’s]
statement violated his confrontation rights against [M.R.], as her
statement tends to show that she falsely claimed to [have]
previously been molested in order to buttress her statement about
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[Appellant’s] assault on D.G. At trial, defense counsel objected
on the basis that [M.R.] either didn’t understand the term rape or
fabricated the allegations. [N.T., 9/14/17,] at 10.
This [c]ourt disagrees. The probative value of the evidence
of a prior molestation is speculative at best as to whether [M.R.]
previously fabricated molestation claims. There was no evidence
presented on the record to indicate that [M.R.] fabricated that
prior incident, that she went to the authorities and misled them,
or otherwise took any action that could impeach the candor of her
testimony.
To what limited extent the evidence could be probative of
[M.R.’s] state of mind or potential to offer false testimony, the
evidence would have to be excluded because what little probative
value said statement had is greatly outweighed by its potential to
mislead and confuse the jury. In her police statement, [M.R.’s]
reference to a prior molestation is brief and offered without any
further explanation. See Commonwealth Exhibit C-5. Taken on
its own and within the context of the statement as a whole, there
is no indication when the prior molestation occurred, who the prior
perpetrator was, or if there as any result to an investigation into
the allegations. Because there was nothing to indicate that the
prior molestation was in any way connected to the instant matter,
its reference at open trial had great potential to confuse the jury
about the number of incidents that occurred, and possibly
prejudice [Appellant] by forcing the jury to consider another
unrelated incident that he was not involved in. This [c]ourt did
not err in suppressing this wholly irrelevant evidence.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/3/18, at 8, 9–10.
Upon review, we find support in the record for the trial court’s findings
and no abuse of its discretion in excluding M.R.’s comment. As the trial court
opined, informing the jury that M.R. had been molested in the past could lead
to speculation as to Appellant’s involvement in that incident. Thus, the
possibility of prejudice to Appellant outweighed the probative value of M.R.’s
vague reference to a prior assault by an unidentified perpetrator. Moreover,
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defense counsel was permitted to challenge M.R.’s credibility and motive by
questioning her about “conduct between her and [Appellant]” pursuant to 18
Pa.C.S. § 31046 because M.R. and Appellant were in a romantic relationship.
N.T., 9/14/17, at 11.
Furthermore, Appellant’s reliance on Palmore is misplaced. Unlike
Palmore’s testimony that he had observed his accuser’s prior sexual conduct,
Appellant did not observe M.R. engage in past sexual conduct. In fact, M.R.’s
comment did not provide a time or location for the prior molestation, and it
did not identify Appellant as M.R.’s molester. Appellant has not demonstrated
that M.R.’s comment would support an inference that she fabricated
allegations against Appellant.
Appellant waived his sufficiency claim, and his evidentiary challenge
lacks merit. Therefore, we affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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6 This section provides:
Evidence of specific instances of the alleged victim’s past sexual
conduct, opinion evidence of the alleged victim’s past sexual
conduct, and reputation evidence of the alleged victim’s past
sexual conduct shall not be admissible in prosecutions under this
chapter except evidence of the alleged victim’s past sexual
conduct with the defendant where consent of the alleged victim is
at issue and such evidence is otherwise admissible pursuant to the
rules of evidence.
18 Pa.C.S. § 3104(a).
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/20/19
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