Com. v. Ramos-Rodriguez, S.

J-A28009-21
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SANTOS B. RAMOS-RODRIGUEZ :
:
Appellant : No. 1484 MDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 29, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-67-CR-0000140-2006
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
JUDGMENT ORDER BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED DECEMBER 21, 2021
Santos B. Ramos-Rodriguez appeals from the order, entered in the Court
of Common Pleas of York County, denying his petition filed pursuant to the
Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. Upon review,
we affirm.
On December 14, 2005, a jury convicted Ramos-Rodriguez of various
drug, firearm, and related offenses. On August 21, 2006, the trial court
sentenced Ramos-Rodriguez to 30 to 60 years’ incarceration, which included
the imposition of a two-year school-zone mandatory minimum sentence and
a five-year gun mandatory minimum sentence. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6317; 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9712.1. On August 28, 2006, Ramos-Rodriguez filed a post-
sentence motion, which the trial court denied on September 25, 2006. This
Court affirmed Ramos-Rodriguez’s judgment of sentence on June 21, 2007.
____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A28009-21
Commonwealth v. Ramos-Rodriguez 931 A.2d 51 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(unpublished memorandum). Ramos-Rodriguez did not file a petition for
allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
Thereafter, Ramos-Rodriguez filed five unsuccessful PCRA petitions. He
filed the instant petition, his sixth, on November 2, 2018. In the instant
petition, Ramos-Rodriguez argues his sentence is illegal because section 6317
(drug-free school zone mandatory minimum statute) was declared
unconstitutional in Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 117 A.3d 247 (Pa. 2015).
Ramos-Rodriguez alleges that the PCRA court erred by: (1) failing to treat
the PCRA petition as a writ of habeas corpus because the constitutional relief
he seeks from section 6317 falls outside the enumerated remedies of the
PCRA; and (2) concluding that his PCRA petition was time-barred where he
pled and proved a retroactively-applied constitutional right. See 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9745(b)(i)(iii).
Despite his first claim, Ramos-Rodriguez admits he styled his filing as a
PCRA petition, and, in fact, his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal refers to the appeal as a “PCRA” appeal. See
generally Defendant’s Motion for Post-Conviction Collateral Relief, 11/2/18.
Further, in Ramos-Rodriguez’s petition, he neither sought habeas corpus nor
constitutional relief from section 6317, nor did he seek such habeas corpus or
constitutional relief in his “Objections to the 907(1) Notice” or his Rule 1925(b)
statement. See Defendant’s Motion for Post-Conviction Collateral Relief,
11/2/18, at 8; Objections to 907(1) Notice, 9/16/19. Thus, Ramos-Rodriguez
-2-
J-A28009-21
waived the issue of whether his claim should be treated as a habeas corpus
petition. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii); Commonwealth v. Basemore, 744
A.2d 717, 725-26 (Pa. 2000) (“Under the PCRA, waiver occurs if the petitioner
could have raised the issue but failed to do so before trial, at trial, on appeal,
or in a prior state post-conviction proceeding.”).
Even if the issue had not been waived, Ramos-Rodriguez cannot escape
the PCRA time-bar by now labeling his petition as a writ of habeas corpus.
Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 466 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“Unless the
PCRA could not provide for a potential remedy, the PCRA statute subsumes
the writ of habeas corpus. Issues that are cognizable under the PCRA must
be raised in a timely PCRA petition and cannot be raised in a habeas corpus
petition.”) (citations omitted). Moreover, Ramos-Rodriguez’s filing challenges
the constitutionality of one of the mandatory minimum statutes that applied
to his sentence. Under such circumstances, he is effectively challenging the
legality of his sentence—a claim that must be brought under the PCRA. See
Commonwealth v. Moore, 247 A.3d 990, 991 (Pa. 2021) (challenge to
constitutionality of sentencing statute properly treated as PCRA petition).
Regarding Ramos-Rodriguez’s second issue, we acknowledge that, while
challenges to a sentence’s legality cannot be waived, the PCRA court still must
have jurisdiction to review the merits of such a claim. See Commonwealth
v. Hernandez, 79 A.3d 649, 651 (Pa. 2013) (PCRA’s “time requirement is
mandatory and jurisdictional in nature, and the court may not ignore it in
order to reach the merits of the petition”). Instantly, Ramos-Rodriguez’s
-3-
J-A28009-21
judgment of sentence became final, for purposes of the PCRA, on December
21, 2007, when the time expired for him to file a petition for allowance of
appeal with our Supreme Court. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3); Pa.R.A.P.
1113. Thus, Ramos-Rodriguez had until December 21, 2008, to file a timely
petition. Ramos-Rodriguez’s petition, however, was filed almost ten years
later; therefore, it is patently untimely. Since Ramos-Rodriguez failed to plead
and prove an exception to the PCRA time-bar, the PCRA court had no
jurisdiction to consider the merits of his petition. Hernandez, supra.
Although Ramos-Rodriguez attempts in his appellate brief to plead and
prove the exception for a retroactively-applied constitutional right under
section 9545(b)(1)(iii), we find that he has waived this argument where he
never raised this exception in his petition, his “Objections to the 907(1)
Notice,” or in his Rule 1925(b) statement. See Defendant’s Motion for Post-
Conviction Collateral Relief, 11/2/18; Objections to 907(1) Notice, 9/16/19;
see also Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) (issues not raised in Rule 1925(b)
statement waived); Taylor, supra at 468; Commonwealth v. Wharton,
886 A.2d 1120, 1126 (Pa. 2005) (“Exceptions [to the PCRA jurisdictional time-
bar] cannot be raised for the first time on appeal[.]”). Because Ramos-
Rodriguez fails to plead and prove an exception to the PCRA court’s time-bar,
-4-
J-A28009-21
the court properly denied his petition.1 Hernandez, supra; Commonwealth
v. Breakiron, 781 A.2d 94, 97-98 (Pa. 2001).
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/21/2021
____________________________________________
1 Even if we did not find waived Ramos-Rodriguez’s argument that Hopkins,
supra, “established a substantive[,] [c]onstitutional rule that should be
applied retroactively to cases on collateral review[,]” Ramos-Rodriguez failed
to prove the exception, as our Supreme Court has held that Hopkins does
not apply retroactively. Appellant’s Reply Brief, at 2 (citing Montgomery v.
Louisiana, 577 U.S. 190, 206 (2016); Commonwealth v. Whitehawk, 146
A.3d 266, 271 (Pa. 2016)). See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii) (right asserted
is constitutional right recognized by Supreme Court of United States or
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after time period provided in this section and
has been held by Court to apply retroactively).
-5-