Adoption of: P.A., Appeal of: J.A.

J-S36031-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN RE: ADOPTION OF P.A. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: J.A., MOTHER :
:
:
:
:
: No. 387 WDA 2022
Appeal from the Order Entered March 29, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Orphans' Court at
No(s): 77 Adopt 2018
IN RE: ADOPTION OF: D.A. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: J.A., MOTHER :
:
:
:
:
: No. 388 WDA 2022
Appeal from the Order Entered March 29, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Orphans' Court at
No(s): 78 Adopt 2018
IN RE: ADOPTION OF: G.A. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: J.A., MOTHER :
:
:
:
:
: No. 389 WDA 2022
Appeal from the Order Entered March 29, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County Orphans' Court at
No(s): 76 Adopt 2018
J-S36031-22
BEFORE: STABILE, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED: DECEMBER 28, 2022
J.A. (“Mother”) appeals from the decrees entered March 29, 2022 that
granted the petitions of the Fayette County Child and Youth Services (“CYS”),
and involuntarily terminated her parental rights to her daughters, D.A. (born
September 2012) and P.A. (born June 2015), and son, G.A. (born July 2016)
(collectively, “the Children”).1 After careful review, we affirm.
The Children were adjudicated dependent on September 28, 2017, after
CYS had become involved with the family following reports of housing
concerns (no heat or electricity in the house and the Children being dirty and
uncared for), as well as domestic violence and mental health concerns for both
Mother and Father.2 N.T., 3/24/22 (“N.T.”), at 5. The Children were initially
placed together in the Rockwell Foster Home, and remained together until
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1Father’s parental rights to the Children were also terminated. Father has
appealed the decrees entered on March 29, 2022 at 410 WDA 2022, 411 WDA
2022, and 412 WDA 2022.
2 CYS’s amended petition for involuntary termination of parental rights
indicates that following the adjudication of dependency, and prior to the
reports of sexual abuse, a goal plan was established for Mother which
included, inter alia, addressing domestic violence issues, obtaining a mental
health evaluation and attending all scheduled mental health appointments,
obtaining appropriate housing free from any safety and health hazards,
obtaining medical care for the Children as needed, and attending visitation
with the Children consistently. Amended Petition for Involuntary Termination
of Parental Rights, 10/25/21. CYS reported that Mother failed to complete the
goals set for her and failed to make progress on addressing the issues that
led to the placement of the Children. Id.
-2-
J-S36031-22
August 8, 2018, when CYS received a number of reports from Child Protective
Services alleging sexual abuse that listed Mother and Father as perpetrators
and the Children as victims, and that D.A. had reported a need to sexually
abuse her siblings. Id. at 6. D.A. was then moved to a new placement, with
a foster mother, and P.A. and G.A. were placed together with new foster
parents, and the Children have remained in their respective placements since
then. Id.
CYS reported the allegations of abuse to the police, and both Mother
and Father were arrested in August 2018 and charged with numerous criminal
offenses related to the alleged sexual abuse and neglect of the Children;
however, the Criminal Information filed against both Mother and Father named
D.A. as the lone victim.3 Mother was convicted by a jury, on July 10, 2019,
of indecent assault – person less than 13 years of age, corruption of minors,
and endangering the welfare of children - parent/guardian commits the
offense, and sentenced to three to seven years in prison.4 N.T. at 8-9,
Petitioner’s Exhibits 1 and 2.
____________________________________________
3 The trial court noted CYS’s acknowledgment that the convictions were only
as to D.A., but the caseworker testified that Mother and Father were also
indicated for sexual abuse against both P.A. and G.A. Orphans’ Court Opinion
at 18; N.T. at 15. At the hearing, counsel for CYS stated that the Criminal
Information was not filed against P.A. and G.A. because they were not old
enough to testify at trial. N.T. at 15-16.
4Father was convicted of seven counts, including rape of a child; involuntary
deviate sexual intercourse (with a child under age 13); aggravated indecent
assault (of a child under age 13); indecent assault; endangering the welfare
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
-3-
J-S36031-22
Initially, CYS filed petitions for involuntary termination of parental rights
against both Father and Mother on December 21, 2018;5 however, the
petitions were continued generally pending disposition of the criminal charges
against Mother and Father. Following the convictions, CYS amended its
petitions on October 26, 2021 and at the time set for the hearing, it proceeded
solely on the grounds for involuntary termination under 23 Pa.C.S. §
2511(a)(10) and (b).
On March 24, 2022, the orphans’ court conducted evidentiary hearings
on the petitions. CYS presented the testimony of Marissa Engle, the on-going
caseworker for the Children. The Children were represented by James Geibig,
Esq., as guardian ad litem. After CYS rested its case, Mother moved for a
continuance; at the outset of the hearing, her counsel had argued that
following a September 3, 2021 quashal of the appeal in her criminal case,
nothing had been filed in her behalf and it appeared as though she had been
abandoned by her attorneys. N.T. at 3. The court denied the motion,
explaining that “the statute requires only a conviction and not finality of the
judgment,” see Orphans’ Court Opinion at 4, and granted the petitions for
involuntary termination of parental rights.
____________________________________________
of children; corruption of minors; and sexual assault. Father was sentenced
to seventeen to forty years of imprisonment. See N.T. at 9-10, Petitioner’s
Exhibits 4 and 5.
5 The original petitions to involuntarily terminate both Mother’s and Father’s
rights to the Children were filed pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (2),
(5) and (8).
-4-
J-S36031-22
On appeal, Mother raises a sole question for our review:
[W]hether the trial court abused its discretion by terminating
[Mother]’s parental rights to [the Children], because the said
termination was based upon insufficient evidence to warrant the
involuntary termination of [Mother]’s parental rights?
Mother’s Brief at 6 (suggested answer omitted).
We review Mother’s claim mindful of our well-settled standard of review:
“[i]n cases concerning the involuntary termination of parental rights, appellate
review is limited to a determination of whether the decree of the termination
court is supported by competent evidence.” In re Adoption of C.M., 255
A.3d 343, 358 (Pa. 2021). When applying this standard, the appellate court
must accept the trial court’s findings of fact and credibility determinations if
they are supported by the record. Interest of S.K.L.R., 256 A.3d 1108, 1123
(Pa. 2021). “Where the trial court’s factual findings are supported by the
evidence, an appellate court may not disturb the trial court’s ruling unless it
has discerned an error of law or abuse of discretion.” In re Adoption of
L.A.K., 265 A.3d 580, 591 (Pa. 2021).
In considering a petition to terminate parental rights, a trial court must
balance the parent’s fundamental “right to make decisions concerning the
care, custody, and control” of his or her child with the “child’s essential needs
for a parent’s care, protection, and support.” C.M., 255 A.3d at 358.
Termination of parental rights has “significant and permanent consequences
for both the parent and child.” L.A.K., 265 A.3d at 591. As such, the law of
this Commonwealth requires the moving party to establish the statutory
-5-
J-S36031-22
grounds by clear and convincing evidence, which is evidence that is so “clear,
direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable a trier of fact to come to a clear
conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” C.M.,
255 A.3d at 359 (citation omitted).
Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the
Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2101-2938, which requires a bifurcated analysis:
Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party
seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence
that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for
termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the court
determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his
or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of
the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the
needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests
of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis
concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between
parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child
of permanently severing any such bond.
In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted). Here,
the orphans’ court terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.
§ 2511(a)(10) and (b). Section 2511 provides, in relevant part, as follows:
§ 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination
(a) General rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child
may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the
following grounds:
- - -
(10) The parent has been found by a court of competent
jurisdiction to have committed sexual abuse against the
child or another child of the parent based on a judicial
adjudication equivalent to an offense in subparagraph
1(i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) or (4) of the definition of “founded
report” in section 6303(a) (relating to definitions)
where the judicial adjudication is based on a finding of
-6-
J-S36031-22
“sexual abuse or exploitation” as defined in section
6303(a).
- - -
(b) Other considerations.—The court in terminating the rights
of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights
of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of
environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings,
income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the
control of the parent…
23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(10), and (b) (emphasis supplied).
Section 6303(a) defines “founded report” as occurring when,
(1) There has been a judicial adjudication based on a finding that
a child who is a subject of the report has been abused and the
adjudication involves the same factual circumstances involved in
the allegation of child abuse. The judicial adjudication may include
any of the following:
- - -
(ii) a finding of guilt to a criminal charge.
- - -
23 Pa.C.S. § 6303(a). The relevant portion of Section 6303 defines “sexual
abuse or exploitation” to include, inter alia, “[a]ny of the following offenses
committed against a child: … (vii) Indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. §
3126 (relating to indecent assault).” 23 Pa.C.S. § 6303.
Before this Court, Mother argues, first, that the evidence was insufficient
to warrant the termination of her parental rights, as it was “uncorroborated,”
and, had her fear of self-incrimination at a possible new trial not prevented
her from testifying at the hearing, she might have convinced the orphans’
-7-
J-S36031-22
court that the actions that led to her conviction were justified or excusable.
Mother’s Brief at 19. We find this argument to be without merit. At the
termination hearing, CYS presented the testimony of its caseworker, who
identified each of the exhibits which were then offered into evidence, including
the verdict slips indicating “guilty” for each of the three counts against her,
the sentencing orders, and the sexual offender notification for a Tier III sexual
offense. CYS Exhibits 1-3; N.T. at 7-9. In its opinion, the orphans’ court
found this evidence
sufficient pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(10) to involuntarily
terminate the parental rights of [Mother] having been convicted
by a jury on July 10, 2019, of indecent assault…[T]he victim in the
criminal actions was [Mother’s] biological daughter, [D.A.]. 23
Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(10) provides authority to terminate parental
rights as to the victim, [D.A.], and to other children of the
convicted parents, here [P.A.] and [G.A.].
Orphans’ Court Opinion at 6.
“By its plain language, the Adoption Act only requires the petitioner to
introduce proof of the parent’s conviction, not proof of the facts underlying
the parent’s guilt.” Interest of M.E., 283 A.3d 820, 831 (Pa. Super. 2022)
(holding father’s aggravated assault conviction, following a nolo contendere
plea, considered competent evidence to establish grounds to terminate
parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(a)(9)(ii)) (emphasis supplied). Here,
CYS submitted proof of Mother’s convictions of three criminal offenses,
including indecent assault. Pursuant to Section 2511(a)(10) and Section 6303
incorporated therein, the jury’s finding that Mother was guilty of indecent
-8-
J-S36031-22
assault constitutes a judicial adjudication based on a finding of “sexual abuse
or exploitation.” 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2511(a)(10), 6303(a).
Mother further argues that her criminal conviction for the offense of
indecent assault against D.A. is still under appeal, and as such, cannot be
regarded as final, rendering the termination of her parental rights premature.
Mother’s Brief at 17.
In its opinion, the orphans’ court addressed the question of timing as to
when a criminal conviction for sexual abuse may be used to involuntarily
terminate parental rights, noting that Section 2511(10) requires a “judicial
adjudication” as defined in the “founded report” in Section 6303(a), and the
“judicial adjudication” occurred on July 18, 2019, the date of sentence. See
Orphans’ Court Opinion at 21. In In the Interest of K.E.E., 240 A.3d 910(2020) (unpublished memorandum), our Court previously acknowledged that
there is not a wealth of caselaw concerning challenges to the sufficiency of the
evidence regarding termination of a parent’s rights pursuant to Section
2511(a)(9), the ground for termination based upon a conviction for delineated
offenses, including aggravated assault, against the parent’s child.6 Similarly,
____________________________________________
6 Section 2511(a)(9) provides for the termination of parental rights after:
(9) The parent has been convicted of one of the following in which
the victim was a child of the parent:
- - -
(ii) a felony under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2702 (relating to aggravated
assault);
23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(9).
-9-
J-S36031-22
there is a dearth of caselaw regarding challenges to the companion grounds
for termination set forth in Section 2511(a)(10). We find our Court’s decision
in K.E.E., albeit non-precedential,7 to be instructive. In K.E.E., the mother
was found by a court of competent jurisdiction to have committed aggravated
assault, whereas here, Mother has been found to have committed sexual
abuse. In both cases, the parent argued that because her appeal from the
conviction has not been finally resolved, clear and convincing evidence is
lacking sufficient to satisfy the statutory grounds for termination. Id. at *16.
In K.E.E., our Court interpreted Section 2511(a)(9), and concluded that the
orphans’ court did not abuse its discretion in concluding the agency had
introduced clear and convincing evidence sufficient to find the mother had
been convicted of aggravated assault of her child such that the requirements
of the statute were satisfied. Id. at *22. Our Court acknowledged that the
term “conviction” is not explicitly defined in the Adoption Act, but noted that
“it is generally understood, for legal purposes, to refer to a judgment of
sentence entered after a finding of guilt or entry of a plea.” Id. at *20. See
also Commonwealth v. Hale, 85 A.3d 570, 582 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(“Succinctly put, without a sentence, a verdict or plea generally was not a
‘conviction’ under Pennsylvania law.”).
The K.E.E. court stated:
____________________________________________
7Non-precedential decisions filed after May 1, 2019, may be cited for their
persuasive value. See Pa.R.A.P. 126(b).
- 10 -
J-S36031-22
When specifying that courts may terminate parental rights for
convictions of certain crimes, the legislature made no mention of
the appellate process. The legislature specifically did not require
a final judgment of sentence, as it did in the requirements for
jurisdiction to file a petition seeking Post Conviction Relief. See
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545. Accordingly, the Domestic Relations Code,
which specifies a conviction, is not ambiguous and when “the
words of a statute are clear and free from all ambiguity, the letter
of it is not to be disregarded under the pretext of pursuing its
spirit.” G.A.P. [v. J.M.W., 194 A.3d 614,] 616-617 [(Pa. 2018)].
K.E.E., unpublished memorandum at *21. Both the orphans’ court here and
the K.E.E. court correctly observed that because “we presume the General
Assembly does not intend a result that is absurd, impossible of execution, or
unreasonable and does intend to favor the public interest over any private
interest,” we cannot come to the conclusion that our legislature intended to
force our lower courts to wait to issue termination decrees until a parent could
potentially exhaust all avenues of appeal, a process that could take years.
See G.A.P., 194 A.3d at 616-17.
Accordingly, we find that the evidence of Mother’s guilty verdict for
indecent assault and accompanying judgment of sentence presented at the
hearing constituted clear and convincing evidence of grounds for termination
under Section 2511(a)(10), and the orphans’ court did not abuse its discretion
in finding such.
Mother does not challenge the orphans’ court’s conclusion under Section
2511(b). At the hearing, the caseworker testified that the Children were
adjudicated dependent over five years ago, and have remained in their
respective placements since 2018. The Children are doing well, and are
- 11 -
J-S36031-22
receiving treatment as a result of the trauma caused by the sexual abuse
inflicted by their parents. N.T. at 11-12. The caseworker testified that the
Children have suffered no adverse effects from not having seen their parents
since 2018, and all three have bonded with their respective families, which
are both prospective adopters. Id. at 13. D.A. sees P.A. and G.A. every
other month, and the Children communicate via video facetime calls two times
per month. Id. at 14. The court found no familial bond with either parent
and determined that the severance of parental rights would allow permanency
for the Children; the court further concluded that their foster care families had
provided them a safe, stable home, with continued love, protection and
support. Orphans’ Court Opinion at 23. The credited testimony supports the
orphans’ court conclusion that it would best serve the needs and welfare of
the Children to terminate Mother’s parental rights pursuant to Section
2511(b). Accordingly, the orphans’ court did not err in terminating Mother’s
parental rights concerning the Children.
Decrees affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/28/2022
- 12 -