Glover, R. v. The Children's Hosp. of Phila.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
ROGER GLOVER : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
:
v. :
:
:
THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF : No. 778 EDA 2021
PHILADELPHIA :
Appeal from the Order Entered March 17, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at
No(s): November Term, 2018 03016
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., NICHOLS, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED JULY 13, 2022
Roger Glover appeals from the order, entered in the Court of Common
Pleas of Philadelphia, entering judgment, following a non-jury trial, in favor of
Appellee, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), and dismissing
Glover’s claims against CHOP with prejudice. After our review, we find Glover
has waived his claims on appeal, and, therefore, affirm.
In March 1992, CHOP hired Glover to be a food service worker in its
Food and Nutrition/Catering Department. As part of his job, Glover lifted,
pushed, and pulled tables and chairs weighing up to 80 pounds. On December
18, 2015,1 Glover alleged that he felt a jerk and tear in his left shoulder during
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1 The trial court’s findings of fact state the date of Glover’s work injury as
“December 18, 2016 (a Friday).” See Findings of Fact, 3/22/21, at ¶¶ 8-9.
The correct date is December 18, 2015. Earlier that same day, Glover had a
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his work shift. Glover did not report the injury to any CHOP supervisor, but
he noted the injury in his daily log at the conclusion of his shift.
Glover’s immediate supervisor, Dana Spatz, read Glover’s shift notes
the following Monday, December 21, 2015, and told Glover to report to CHOP’s
Occupational Health Department to have his shoulder examined. CHOP’s
occupational health physician cleared Glover to return to work without any
medical restrictions. Despite being cleared to work, Glover alleged he
“continued to suffer significant pain in his left shoulder and complained about
it to his coworkers and supervisors.” Plaintiff’s Complaint, 11/28/18, at ¶ 24.
Glover was unable to perform all of his previous job functions after December
21, 2015.
In January 2016, CHOP sent Glover to be examined by an occupational
medicine physician, who placed Glover on medical restrictions and prescribed
Naproxen to treat Glover’s shoulder pain. On January 26, 2016, CHOP’s
Workers’ Compensation Manager, Anita Miceli, sent Glover a letter notifying
him that he had been assigned to a light-duty, temporary (maximum 90 days,
ending April 26, 2016) position in the Radiation/Sedation/Vascular Access
Department, to begin the next day, which was designed to transition to full-
duty work. The letter also notified Glover that his next doctor’s appointment
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meeting with his supervisor, a Union representative and a witness, during
which he received an oral warning regarding his job performance—the first
warning he had received during his employment. Id. at 8; Exhibit D-32.
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was February 5, 2016. At that follow-up visit, Glover was directed to go to a
physical therapy evaluation on February 9, 2016.
On February 27, 2016, Glover went to the emergency department at
Aria Health complaining of shoulder pain. He was given a three-day
prescription for Vicodin. Glover did not immediately report that visit or the
narcotic prescription to CHOP. Glover was diagnosed with a torn rotator cuff
and labrum in his left shoulder. Subsequently, Glover filed a workers’
compensation claim due to his work-sustained injury.
At an April 12, 2016 follow-up appointment at Aria Health, Glover was
prescribed a one-month supply of Percocet to take on an “as-needed” basis.
Glover provided CHOP’s Occupational Health Department with a note
explaining that he had been prescribed Percocet for his shoulder injury and
pain. Shortly thereafter, CHOP notified Glover that he was not permitted to
work while taking the medication.
Glover left employment on April 15, 2016, and he sought and obtained
workers compensation benefits, retroactive to April 16, 2016. CHOP’s short-
term disability administrator contacted Glover on six occasions, advising him
to contact human resources if he needed a reasonable accommodation.
Glover did not do so, and a short-term disability claim was disapproved
because Glover failed to contact the administrator and failed to provide
information to process the claim.
In November, 2016, CHOP’s Senior Human Resource Business Partner,
Darryl Benjamin, became aware that Glover had exceeded any form of
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authorized leave and had not submitted verifications needed to obtain a
protected leave. On November 28, 2016, CHOP notified Glover that his
employment was terminated.
On November 28, 2018, Glover filed2 a complaint in common pleas court
under the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act (PHRA)3 alleging claims of
disability discrimination (Count I), retaliation (Count II), and wrongful
termination (Count III). Glover contended that CHOP failed to “accommodate
his request for a reasonable accommodation in the form of light duty and the
ability to take prescription medication for pain, and also retaliated against him
due to this request for a reasonable accommodation and that he was
terminated in retaliation for his filing of a Worker’s Compensation Claim.”
Plaintiff’s Complaint, 11/28/18, at ¶ 46.
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2 In his state court complaint, Glover alleged that he exhausted his
administrative remedies under the Americans with Disabilities Act and the
PHRA and timely dual-filed a discrimination complaint with the U.S. Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Glover’s EEOC complaint was
dismissed, and he was given a right-to-sue notice dated October 2, 2017.
The EEOC found that Glover failed to respond, multiple times, to CHOP’s third-
party claims administrator’s request for additional information necessary to
process his short-term disability and Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
claims. The FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take
unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with
continuation of group health insurance coverage under the same terms and
conditions as if the employee had not taken leave. See
https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla (last visited 6/7/22). As a result,
the EEOC determined that there was insufficient evidence to establish Glover’s
retaliation claim and, thus, refused to issue a complaint in the matter. See
NLRB Letter, 4/25/17. Glover subsequently notified the EEOC of his intent to
proceed with a lawsuit in state court.
3 See 43 P.S. § 951, et seq.
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On February 7, 2020, CHOP moved for summary judgment. Glover filed
an answer to the motion. On March 12, 2020, the court denied CHOP’s
summary judgment motion. Subsequently, CHOP filed a motion to strike
Glover’s jury demand. On June 26, 2020, the court dismissed Count III of
Glover’s complaint (wrongful termination), with prejudice, struck Glover’s
demand for a jury trial, and transferred the case to the non-jury program.
Order, 6/26/20.
On February 28, 2021, the court held a remote bench trial, via Zoom.
At trial, Glover testified on his own behalf and three witnesses testified for
CHOP. At the conclusion of the proceedings, CHOP’s attorney moved for a
compulsory nonsuit, which the trial court denied. N.T. Non-Jury Trial,
2/28/21, at 191. The court then “recognize[d] that [it] ha[d]n’t reached a
verdict yet,” id. and that it would “review the pleadings of the parties” before
making a final decision. Id.
On March 22, 2021, the court reached a verdict, entered judgment in
favor of CHOP, and dismissed Glover’s complaint with prejudice. The court
determined that Glover failed to exhaust his administrative remedies as they
pertained to his failure to accommodate.4 Neither party filed post-trial
motions.
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4 The court also recognized that, even if Glover had exhausted his
administrative remedies, he never requested an accommodation.
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On April 8, 2021, Glover filed a timely notice of appeal. Glover presents
the following issues for our consideration:
(1) Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err and abuse its discretion in allowing
admission over [Glover’s] objection of Ms. Louise Aurisch’s
prior testimony from a Workers’ Compensation [deposition]
as [the court] made no finding that she was unavailable to
testify pursuant to the Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence and
it was otherwise inadmissible hearsay?
(2) Did the [t]rial [c]our err in ruling that [Glover] never
requested an accommodation in Paragraph 13 of its
Conclusions of Law as the note submitted by [Glover]
constituted an accommodation request under the law?
(3) Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err when it made a finding of fact at
Paragraph 94 of its Findings of Fact when it found that
[Glover] did not exhaust available administrative remedies
pertaining to his failure to accommodate cause of action.
Appellant’s Brief, at [8].
Prior to reviewing the merits of Glover’s claims, we must determine
whether he has preserved them for appeal. It is well-settled that the filing of
post-trial motions is mandatory if a litigant wishes to preserve issues for
appellate review. Specifically, Pa R.C.P. 227.1 requires parties to file post-
trial motions within ten days of the verdict or decision in order to preserve
issues for appeal. See Pa.R.C.P. 227.1(c) (“Post-trial motions shall be filed
within ten days after (1) verdict, discharge of the jury because of inability to
agree, or nonsuit in the case of a jury trial; or (2) notice of nonsuit or the
filing of the decision in the case of a trial without jury.”) (emphasis added). If
an issue has not been raised in a post-trial motion, it is waived for appeal
purposes. See Sahutsky v. H.H. Knoebel Sons, 782 A.2d 996 (Pa. 2001);
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D.L. Forrey & Associates, Inc. v. Fuel City Truck Stop, Inc., 71 A.3d 915(Pa. Super. 2013); Warfield v. Shermer, 910 A.2d 734 (Pa. Super. 2006);
Sovereign Bank v. Valentino, 914 A.2d 415 (Pa. Super. 2006); Diener
Brick Co. v. Mastro Masonry Contractor, 885 A.2d 1034 (Pa. Super. 2005);
Lenhart v. Cigna Companies, 824 A.2d 1193 (Pa. Super. 2003).
Here, the trial court labeled its decision “final order.” That, however, is
of no moment. “Our Court has consistently refused to entertain appeals from
orders or verdicts following nonjury trials in actions at law when no post-trial
motions have been filed.” Lenhart, supra at 1196–97. See also Lane
Enterprises, Inc. v. L.B. Foster Co., 710 A.2d 54, 54 (Pa. 1998) (stating
“Pa.R.Civ.P. 227.1 requires parties to file post-trial motions in order to
preserve issues for appeal[,]” and reversing this Court’s order that reviewed
appellant’s issues where appellant did not file post-trial motions, but instead,
assuming trial court’s opinion was final order, filed notice of appeal); Krystal
Development Corp. v. Rose, 704 A.2d 1102, 1103 (Pa. Super. 1997) (if no
post-trial motions filed after nonjury trial, no issues preserved for appellate
review).
In Lenhart, supra, appellant argued it was confused by the trial court’s
use of the words “Judgement” in its memorandum and “verdict” in the entry
of its decision. 824 A.2d at 1196-97. This Court rejected that argument,
stating:
[Appellant] was on notice, at the time of the decision of the trial
court after the non-jury trial, that regardless of what terms were
used by the trial court in its decision, it was required to file post-
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trial motions in order to preserve any issues for appellate review.
In Shonberger v. Oswell, [] 530 A.2d 112 ([Pa. Super.] 1987),
the trial judge labeled its findings “judgment.” The judgment was
premature and void. Id. at 113, n. 1. The appeal period did not
begin to run until the denial of the post-trial motions and the
subsequent entry of a judgment. Id. [Appellant] stated that it
believed that it was required to file an immediate appeal to the
trial court’s September 21, 2001, “verdict” in favor of Lenhart.
We, however, find that the trial court’s order in the case sub judice
amounted to a verdict or decision, not a final judgment. Thus, the
proper procedure was for [Appellant] to file post-trial motions
following the trial court’s decision. In light of Shonberger (1987)
and Lane (1998), which were on the books for fourteen and three
years, respectively, before the trial court issued its decision in this
non-jury trial, there is no excuse for [Appellant’s] failure to file
post-trial motions as required by our procedural rules.
Lenhart, 824 A.2d at 1197.
Here, like in Lenhart, the trial court’s order in favor of CHOP and against
Glover amounted to a verdict or decision, not a “final order,” and, therefore,
“the proper procedure was for [Glover] to file post-trial motions following the
trial court’s decision.” Lenhart, supra at 1197, citing Pa.R.C.P. 227.1.
Appellant was on notice at the time of the trial court’s decision after the non-
jury trial that “regardless of what terms were used by the trial court in its
decision, it was required to file post[-]trial motions in order to preserve any
issues for appellate review.” D.L. Forrey & Associates, Inc., supra at 921.
This Court cannot overlook the failure to comply with Rule 227.1.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/13/2022
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