Com. v. Watkins, E.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
EDWARD MARK WATKINS :
:
Appellant : No. 45 WDA 2022
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 24, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-25-CR-0001463-2021
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., MURRAY, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED: NOVEMBER 17, 2022
Appellant, Edward Mark Watkins, appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed following his conviction of driving under the influence
(“DUI”)—controlled substance, accidents involving damage to attended
vehicle or property, accidents involving damage to unattended vehicle or
property, and careless driving.1 With this appeal, Appellant’s counsel has filed
an application to withdraw as counsel and an Anders brief.2 Upon review, we
affirm the judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s application to withdraw.
On March 16, 2020, Appellant drove his white sports utility vehicle
(“SUV”) onto the driveway of Ronald and Ann DiVecchio’s home in the City of
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 3802(d)(1)(i), 3743(a), 3745(a), and 3714, respectively.
2 See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967).
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Erie, struck Mrs. DiVecchio’s vehicle that was parked in the driveway, and
pushed that vehicle into the frame of the garage. Mrs. DiVecchio’s car was
totaled as a result of the accident, and the house sustained significant
damage. After the accident, Appellant exited his SUV, looked at the damage
to his vehicle, backed his vehicle from the driveway onto the street, and then
drove away. Appellant was arrested as he was driving away from the scene
and taken to the hospital for a blood test, to which he consented. The test
revealed the presence of Delta-9-THC, an active ingredient in marijuana, as
well as two THC metabolites.
Appellant was charged with the above stated offenses, and he
proceeded to trial on October 11, 2021. At the conclusion of trial, the jury
found Appellant guilty of the DUI offense and accidents involving damage to
attended vehicle or property and the trial court found Appellant guilty of the
summary offenses of accidents involving damage to unattended vehicle or
property and careless driving. On November 24, 2021, the trial court
sentenced Appellant to 10 days to 6 months of imprisonment on the DUI
offense, one year of probation for accidents involving damage to attended
vehicle or property, and no further penalty on the remaining two offenses.
Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion, which the trial court denied on
December 8, 2021. Appellant thereafter filed this timely appeal.3
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3 On January 21, 2022, counsel filed a notice of intent to file a petition to
withdraw and Anders brief in lieu of a concise statement of errors complained
of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(4).
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As stated above, counsel has filed an Anders brief and application to
withdraw as counsel in this Court. In her Anders brief, counsel identifies the
following issue:
Whether the Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence
to find the Appellant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of driving
under the influence [] and accidents involving damage to attended
property?
Anders Brief at 3 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
Before this Court can consider the merits of this appeal, we must first
determine whether appellate counsel has satisfied all of the requirements that
court-appointed counsel must meet before leave to withdraw may be granted.
Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187 A.3d 266, 270 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en
banc); Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 290 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(en banc).
To withdraw from representing a defendant on direct appeal on the basis
that the appeal is frivolous, counsel must (1) petition the court for leave to
withdraw stating that she has made a conscientious examination of the record
and has determined that the appeal would be frivolous; (2) file a sufficient
Anders brief; and (3) provide a copy of the Anders brief to the defendant
and advise the defendant of his right to retain new counsel or proceed pro se
and raise any additional points that he deems worthy of the court’s attention.
Commonwealth v. Bynum-Hamilton, 135 A.3d 179, 183 (Pa. Super.
2016); Goodwin, 928 A.2d at 290.
An Anders brief must comply with all of the following requirements:
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[T]he Anders brief . . . must (1) provide a summary of the
procedural history and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer
to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably supports
the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the
appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have
led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009). If counsel has
satisfied the above requirements, it is then this Court’s duty to conduct its
own review of the trial court’s proceedings and render an independent
judgment as to whether the appeal is wholly frivolous. Dempster, 187 A.3d
at 271; Bynum-Hamilton, 135 A.3d at 183.
In the application to withdraw, counsel indicated that she had engaged
in a thorough review of the record and determined that there are no non-
frivolous grounds for the appeal. Counsel sent a letter to Appellant advising
him of his right to retain new counsel or proceed pro se and raise any
additional issues he deemed worthy of this Court’s attention,4 and counsel
included with the letter a copy of the petition to withdraw and Anders brief.
Counsel’s Anders brief includes a summary of the relevant procedural and
factual background to this case and discusses the reasons upon which counsel
bases her conclusion that the appeal is frivolous, with citation to applicable
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4As of the date of this decision, Appellant has not filed a pro se brief with this
Court, nor has privately retained counsel entered an appearance on
Appellant’s behalf.
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law. Therefore, we conclude that counsel has adequately complied with the
procedural requirements for withdrawal.
We therefore proceed to conduct an independent review to ascertain
whether the appeal is indeed wholly frivolous. We first consider the issue
raised by counsel in the Anders brief and determine whether it is in fact
frivolous. Commonwealth v. Yorgey, 188 A.3d 1190, 1197 (Pa. Super.
2018) (en banc); Dempster, 187 A.3d at 272. If we find that issue to be
frivolous, we then proceed to conduct an examination of the record to discern
if there are any other issues of arguable merit overlooked by counsel.
Yorgey, 188 A.3d at 1197; Dempster, 187 A.3d at 271-72.
In her brief, Counsel addresses the question of whether the
Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable
doubt that Appellant committed the misdemeanors of which the jury convicted
him: DUI—controlled substance and accidents involving damage to attended
vehicle or property.
A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence presents a question of law
and is subject to plenary review under a de novo standard. Commonwealth
v. Smith, 234 A.3d 576, 581 (Pa. 2020). When reviewing the sufficiency of
the evidence, we must determine whether the evidence admitted at trial and
all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, viewed in the light most favorable
to the Commonwealth, were sufficient to prove every element of the offense
beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. “[T]he facts and circumstances established
by the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of innocence.”
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Commonwealth v. Bowens, 265 A.3d 730, 740 (Pa. Super. 2021) (en banc)
(citation omitted). “The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving
every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly
circumstantial evidence.” Id. (citation omitted). Finally, we note that the
trier of fact has the authority to determine the weight of the evidence and
credibility of the witnesses and is free to believe all, part, or none of the
evidence. Id. at 741.
At trial, Ronald DiVecchio testified that, at approximately 10:00 p.m. on
March 16, 2020, he and his wife, Ann, were inside their home at 601 Pin Oak
Drive in the City of Erie, when his wife heard a loud bang outside and asked
him to investigate. N.T., 10/11/21, at 15-16, 25, 27. Mr. DiVecchio went out
of his front door and saw that a white SUV had struck his wife’s car that was
parked in their driveway, causing significant damage to the rear of Mrs.
DiVecchio’s car. Id. at 16. In addition, the white SUV had pushed Mrs.
DiVecchio’s car into the frame of the garage of their house; the building was
also damaged, with bricks having been dislodged. Id. at 17-18, 26. Mr.
DiVecchio asked the driver of the white SUV if he was okay, and the driver
never responded or provided Mr. DiVecchio with any of his information. Id.
at 17-19, 23. Mr. DiVecchio testified that his wife’s car was totaled as a result
of the crash and that the damage to his house cost in excess of $5,000 to
repair. Id. at 19-20.
The DiVecchios’ neighbor from the across the street, Suzanne Ulrich,
testified that she witnessed the collision from her porch. Id. at 28-30. Ms.
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Ulrich stated that she saw the white SUV drive “kind of fast” along Woodbine
Terrace to the ‘T’ intersection with Pin Oak Drive and, instead of making a left
or right on that road, continued straight into the DiVecchios’ driveway and into
Mrs. DiVecchio’s car. Id. at 29-32. Ms. Ulrich said that the white SUV did not
appear to make any effort to stop. Id. at 30-31.
Ryan Ulrich, who resided in the same house as his mother, testified that
he came outside after learning of the accident. Id. 35-36. Mr. Ulrich stated
that he watched the driver of the white SUV get out after the crash, stumble
around as if impaired, look at the damage to the front of the SUV, and then
reenter the SUV and back it out onto the street. Id. at 37. Within a minute,
the SUV drove off from the scene. Id. Mr. Ulrich described the vehicle as
having its front end “pretty smashed up” with several flat tires and leaking
fluids. Id. at 37-38.
Patrolman Anthony Fatica of the City of Erie Police Department testified
that he responded to the scene of the crash. Id. at 43-44. Patrolman Fatica
said that the damage to Mrs. DiVecchio’s car was severe, and the car had to
be towed from the scene while the damage to the garage was significant
enough that he felt compelled to call out a city engineer to check on the
structural integrity of the building. Id. at 45-46.
Patrolman Joshua Allison testified that he was driving along Pine Avenue
on his way to assist Patrolman Fatica when he saw a white SUV with only one
operational light and which appeared, from the distinctive metal-on-asphalt
sound, to be driving on its wheel rims. Id. at 50-51, 57. Patrolman Allison,
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who was aware that a white SUV was involved in the Pin Oak Drive crash,
conducted a traffic stop and approached the SUV. Id. at 51-52. Patrolman
Allison identified the driver as Appellant and detected a strong smell of burnt
marijuana emanating from the vehicle. Id. at 52-53, 56. Appellant also
appeared to be disoriented and he admitted that he “smokes weed.” Id. at
53-54. Patrolman Allison placed Appellant under arrest for suspicion of DUI.
Id. at 54.
Patrolman Joshua Martin testified that he transported Appellant after his
arrest to the hospital for a chemical test of his blood. Id. at 60-62. Patrolman
Martin read Appellant the prescribed warnings from the Department of
Transportation DL-26 form, and Appellant agreed to submit to a blood test.
Id. at 62-63. Patrolman Martin stated that the results of the blood test
revealed the presence of detectable amounts of Delta-9-THC, one of the active
ingredients of marijuana, as well as two THC metabolites. Id. at 65-70, 74-
75. The parties stipulated to the admissibility of the lab report. Id. at 70-71,
Commonwealth Ex. B.
Appellant testified in his defense at trial. Appellant stated that he lives
in Michigan and was not familiar with the roads where the crash occurred. Id.
at 76-78. Appellant “believed [he] might have hit a patch of something,”
leading to the accident. Id. at 77. Appellant stated that he exited his vehicle
after the crash to make sure no one was hurt, spoke to Mr. DiVecchio, and
asked him to call 911. Id. at 77-79. Appellant said that he also asked Mr.
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DiVecchio to “take pictures [of his car, driver’s license, and other documents
to] make sure you know who I am.” Id. at 77, 80.
Appellant said that he was concerned that the air was leaking out of his
tires, and he thus asked Mr. DiVecchio if he had an air pump. Id. at 77, 79.
When Mr. DiVecchio responded that he did not have an air pump, Appellant
stated that he informed Mr. DiVecchio he was leaving to fill up his tires and
then he would “hurry back” to the scene of the collision before the police leave.
Id. at 77, 79-81. Appellant was arrested while he was driving around looking
for a business with an air pump. Id. at 77-78.
Appellant admitted that he had consumed marijuana in the past and it
was likely still in his blood system, but he said that he had last “smoked weeks
ago,” he was not in possession of any marijuana at the time of the accident,
and he “was not high at the time.” Id. at 78, 81, 85-87. Appellant also
testified that he “ha[s] a [medical marijuana] card,” but he was unsure
whether he had mentioned this fact to the officers who arrested him. Id. at
78, 81. Appellant did not provide any further information regarding his
medical marijuana card or submit his card into evidence at trial.
Upon review, we agree with counsel that the Commonwealth clearly met
its burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant was guilty of
DUI—controlled substance and accidents involving damage to attended
vehicle or property. Under the DUI statute,
An individual may not drive, operate or be in actual physical
control of the movement of a vehicle [if t]here is in the individual’s
blood any amount of a[] Schedule I controlled substance, as
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defined in [] The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and
Cosmetic Act [(“CSA”).]
75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(d)(1)(i). Therefore, “for the Commonwealth to meet its
burden of proof [under this statute], it needed to prove: (1) that Appellant
was in actual physical control or operated the motor vehicle and (2) that he
had a schedule I controlled substance in his blood.” Commonwealth v. May,
271 A.3d 475, 480 (Pa. Super. 2022). There is no requirement that the
Commonwealth establish that the driver was impaired while driving. Id.Furthermore, the Commonwealth need not prove that there was any specific
amount of a Schedule I drug in the driver’s system. Commonwealth v.
Griffith, 32 A.3d 1231, 1239 (Pa. 2011). Marijuana is a Schedule I controlled
substance under the CSA. 35 P.S. § 780-104(1)(iv); see also
Commonwealth v. Watts, ___ A.3d ___, 2022 PA Super 164, at *5 (Pa.
Super. 2022).
Here, the testimony established that Patrolman Allison witnessed
Appellant operating his white SUV on March 16, 2020 and conducted the traffic
stop that led to his arrest. Furthermore, a consensual blood test performed
after the arrest showed detectable levels of marijuana, a Schedule I controlled
substance, in Appellant’s system. Appellant admitted during his testimony
both his operation of a vehicle and the presence of marijuana in his blood.
Furthermore, even to the extent Appellant held a valid medical
marijuana card, this would not operate as a defense to the crime of DUI—
controlled substance. Even after the General Assembly’s enactment of the
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Medical Marijuana Act (“MMA”),5 an individual who operates or is in physical
control of a motor vehicle while at the same having marijuana in the blood
stream may be found guilty of DUI—controlled substance; there is no
exception to the DUI statute for individuals who possess or consume
marijuana in accordance with the MMA or any other state’s medical marijuana
program. See Watts, 2022 PA Super 164, at *5-6; Commonwealth v.
Dabney, 274 A.3d 1283, 1291-92 (Pa. Super. 2022); see also 75 Pa.C.S. §
3810 (“The fact that a person charged with violating [the DUI statute] is or
has been legally entitled to use alcohol or controlled substances is not a
defense to [that] charge . . .”). “Consequently, it is illegal to drive with any
amount of marijuana, medical or otherwise, in one’s system.” Watts, 2022
PA Super 164, at *6-7 (rejecting as wholly frivolous argument that driver
cannot be held criminally liable under Section 3802(d)(1)(i) where he ingested
marijuana while holding a valid medical marijuana card).
With respect to the offense of accidents involving damage to attended
vehicle or property, Section 3743 of the Vehicle Code states:
The driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in
damage to a vehicle or other property which is driven or attended
by any person shall immediately stop the vehicle at the scene of
the accident or as close thereto as possible but shall forthwith
return to and in every event shall remain at the scene of the
accident until he has fulfilled the requirements of section 3744
(relating to duty to give information and render aid).
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5 35 P.S. §§ 10231.101-10231.2110.
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75 Pa.C.S. § 3743(a). Section 3744 provides in relevant part that “[t]he driver
of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting in . . . damage to any vehicle
or other property which is driven or attended by any person shall give his
name, address and the registration number of the vehicle he is driving.” 75
Pa.C.S. § 3744(a).
Section 3743 contains a mens rea element, and therefore the
Commonwealth must prove that “the circumstances of the accident indicate
that the defendant reasonably should have known that he or she was involved
in an accident involving damage” to a vehicle or other property.
Commonwealth v. Woosnam, 819 A.2d 1198, 1205 (Pa. Super. 2003); see
also Commonwealth v. Kauffman, 470 A.2d 634, 639-40 (Pa. Super.
1983). However, the duty of the driver to stop and discharge their obligation
under Section 3744 arises whenever they are involved in an accident,
regardless of whether the driver “caused” the accident. Commonwealth v.
Satterfield, 255 A.3d 438, 448-49 (Pa. 2021) (discussing obligations to stop
under Sections 3742, 3743, and 3745).
A vehicle or property is unattended within the meaning of the Vehicle
Code if it is “lacking a guard, escort, caretaker or other watcher.”
Commonwealth v. Odom, 204 A.3d 432, 435 (Pa. Super. 2019) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Cornell, 607 A.2d 801, 803 (Pa. Super. 1992)). “To
‘attend’ is to ‘look after[,] take care of[, or] watch over the working of.’” Id.(quoting Cornell, 607 A.2d at 803). This Court has held that a vehicle need
not be driven or occupied to be “attended” within the meaning of Section
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3743, but the driver must be “looking after it or watching over it” at the time
of the accident. See Cornell, 607 A.2d at 803 (parked, unoccupied truck in
driveway was not attended as driver was in nearby residence at time of
collision). In the case of an accident involving damage to a building, this Court
has determined that a building is “unattended” property under Section 3743
where neither the owner nor some other person responsible to watch over the
building is present at the time of the collision. See Odom, 204 A.3d at 436
(at the time appellant crashed vehicle into 24-hour, coin-operated
laundromat, the building was not “attended” under Section 3743 as the only
occupants of the building were three customers of the establishment and
neither the owner nor any employee of the business was present).
The evidence presented by the Commonwealth established that
Appellant was involved in an accident in the DiVecchios’ driveway and that
this accident caused damage to “other property”—the exterior of the
DiVecchios’ house—and that this property was “attended” as the DiVecchios
were present in their home at the time of the accident. See 75 Pa.C.S. §
3743(a); Odom, 204 A.3d at 436. It is beyond peradventure that Appellant
knew or should have known that the accident caused damage to the house,
as, by his own admission, he exited his vehicle and examined the scene to
ensure that no one was hurt. Furthermore, while Appellant fulfilled his duty
to “immediately stop . . . at the scene of the accident,” the Commonwealth
demonstrated that he did not “remain at the scene of the accident until he
ha[d] fulfilled” his duty to provide his “name, address and the registration
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number of the vehicle he is driving” to the DiVecchios.6 75 Pa.C.S. §§
3743(a), 3744(a). Therefore, the Commonwealth put forth sufficient evidence
to show that Appellant violated Section 3743 when he was involved in an
accident involving damage to attended property, he knew or had reason to
know of the extent of the damage that resulted from the accident, and he left
the scene without complying with his duty to give information under Section
3744.
Based on the foregoing, we agree with counsel that the issue concerning
the sufficiency of the evidence of Appellant’s DUI—controlled substance and
accidents involving damage to attended vehicle or property convictions is
wholly frivolous. In addition, we have reviewed the certified record and have
discovered no additional non-frivolous issues.7 Therefore, we grant counsel’s
application to withdraw and affirm the judgment of sentence.
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6 Although Appellant testified that he offered to let Mr. DiVecchio take
photographs of his “driver’s license and things like that,” N.T., 10/11/21, at
80, Mr. DiVecchio’s testimony that Appellant never spoke to him and never
offered any information or documents to him was sufficient for the
Commonwealth to meet its burden to show that Appellant failed to comply
with his duty to give information. Id. at 18-19, 23.
7 We note that sufficient evidence was presented to support Appellant’s
summary conviction for accidents involving damage to unattended vehicle or
property under Section 3745 of the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § 3745(a),
because Appellant left the scene of the accident without providing the
DiVecchios with his name, address, registration, and insurance information
and Mrs. DiVecchio’s unoccupied, parked car was an unattended vehicle under
our caselaw. See Cornell, 607 A.2d at 803.
Furthermore, although our Supreme Court has held that the unit of
prosecution for the related hit-and-run offenses set forth in Sections 3742,
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Judgment of sentence affirmed. Application to withdraw granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/17/2022
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3743, and 3745 is the act of leaving the scene of the accident without fulfilling
one’s statutory duties and therefore an individual can only be sentenced for a
single violation per accident, Satterfield, 255 A.3d at 447-51, there is no
issue here concerning the legality of Appellant’s sentence as the trial court
imposed no further punishment for the summary Section 3745 conviction. We
additionally note that Appellant would not have been able to raise an issue
with respect to the validity of his second hit-and-run conviction on appeal as
he did not preserve that issue prior to the verdict. See id. at 442 n.4 (validity
of second and third Section 3742 convictions could not be addressed by
Supreme Court because it was not preserved at the trial court level);
Commonwealth v. Hill, 238 A.3d 399, 408-09 (Pa. 2020) (appellant waived
any complaint regarding second DUI conviction for one incident as that issue
“should have been presented, at the latest, when the trial court reached its
verdict”); see also Commonwealth v. Cox, 231 A.3d 1011, 1016 (Pa.
Super. 2020) (while “this Court will overlook certain procedural deficiencies in
appellant court fillings to ensure that Anders counsel has not overlooked non-
frivolous issues,” we are not permitted “to address issues that were not
properly preserved in the trial court”).
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