Jani, S. v. O'Meara, S.

J. S67014/16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
SHEILA JANI, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
v. : No. 3322 EDA 2015
:
STEVEN F. O’MEARA, ESQUIRE :
Appeal from the Judgment Entered November 30, 2015,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
Civil Division at No. 13-8800
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., RANSOM, J. AND STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED NOVEMBER 18, 2016
Sheila Jani (“Jani”), plaintiff in the court below, appeals from the
judgment entered November 30, 2015, in favor of defendant/appellee,
Steven F. O’Meara, Esq. (“O’Meara”), in this legal malpractice action. 1 We
affirm.
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
Jani purports to appeal from the order of October 21, 2015, denying
post-trial motions. Ordinarily, an appeal properly lies from the entry of
judgment, not from the order denying post-trial motions. See generally,
Johnston the Florist, Inc. v. TEDCO Constr. Corp., 657 A.2d 511, 516
(Pa.Super. 1995). Nevertheless, a final judgment entered during pendency
of an appeal is sufficient to perfect appellate jurisdiction. Drum v. Shaull
Equip. and Supply Co., 787 A.2d 1050 (Pa.Super. 2001), appeal denied,
803 A.2d 735 (Pa. 2002). See also Pa.R.A.P. 905(a) (stating notice of
appeal filed after court’s determination but before entry of appealable order
shall be treated as filed after such entry and on the day of entry).
J. S67014/16
The Honorable Spiros E. Angelos, sitting as finder-of-fact in this
non-jury trial, aptly summarized the history of this case as follows:
[Jani] filed a complaint with a single count for
breach of contract against [O’Meara], her former
attorney, on September 24, 2013. [Jani] testified
that she hired [O’Meara] to represent her against
two (2) tenants named on a lease for the property
that she wanted evicted for lack of payment of rent.
[Jani] testified that the lease for the property has
two (2) signatures on it, but that neither she nor her
real estate agent witnessed the execution of the
lease and so she does not know who actually signed
the lease. [O’Meara] sent [Jani] a letter dated
April 5, 2012 confirming his representation and
stating that he intended to contact the defendants
and file a landlord tenant action in the District Court
for Glen Mills. [Jani] sent [O’Meara] the lease
documents [in response to] the April 5, 2012 letter.
[Jani] paid [O’Meara] a flat fee, which included a one
thousand dollar ($1,000.00) attorney fee and court
costs of one hundred eighty-three dollars and
fifty-six cents ($183.56).
[O’Meara] filed an action against one of the
tenants, Perry Panaccio, and informed [Jani] by
letter dated May 7, 2012 that he was not sure the
other tenant listed on the lease, Joann Camero, was
culpable after reviewing the lease documents and
performing his own investigation into the matter.
[O’Meara] testified credibly that [Jani] agreed not
[to] proceed against Ms. Camaro [sic] following a
discussion between the parties on May 15,
2015 [sic]. [Jani] sent [O’Meara] an email the next
day, May 16, 2012, stating that after thinking about
the situation, if [O’Meara] wanted to continue to
represent her, he had to include Ms. Camero as a
defendant. After receiving [Jani]’s email and
speaking with [Jani]’s property manager that same
day about Ms. Camero, [O’Meara] sent [Jani] a letter
dated May 16, 2012 explaining that after a full
investigation he did not see a viable claim against
Ms. Camero and would not file an action against a
-2-
J. S67014/16
person he did not believe was culpable. [Jani] did
not reply to [O’Meara]’s May 16, 2015 [sic] letter,
but did subsequently contact [O’Meara] asking him
to request a continuance of a hearing scheduled for
May 22, 2015 [sic] for a family matter.
On June 1, 2012, [Jani] informed [O’Meara] by
email that she no longer wished to have him
represent her and demanded that he return the
sums she had paid him. [O’Meara] sent [Jani] a
billing statement showing that the time he spent on
the matter exceeded the fee [Jani] paid for
[O’Meara]’s services. [Jani] hired another attorney
to represent her and paid him a flat fee of seven
hundred fifty dollars ($750.00). [Jani] testified that
she ultimately obtained a default judgment against
Ms. Camero and Mr. Panaccio because neither
showed up on the date of the hearing, but had not
yet succeeded in collecting on any of the judgments.
[Jani] testified that Ms. Camero filed for bankruptcy.
Following trial on February 12, 2015 and
April 2, 2015, the parties were granted leave to file
proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. In
her Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
dated June 11, 2015, [Jani], for the first time, made
a claim for breach of fiduciary duty. Following
review of the trial transcripts and the parties’
proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, the
July 21, 2015 Decision was entered finding in favor
of [O’Meara] and against [Jani] on her breach of
contract claim. [Jani] filed a motion for post-trial
relief and a motion to amend her complaint to add a
breach of fiduciary duty claim on July 31, 2015,
which were denied by an Order dated October 21,
2015. [Jani] filed her notice of appeal on
October 27, 2015. Judgment was not entered until
November 30, 2015.
Trial court opinion, 12/15/15 at 1-4 (citations to the transcripts omitted).
On November 2, 2015, Jani was ordered to file a concise statement of
errors complained of on appeal within 21 days pursuant to
-3-
J. S67014/16
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and she timely complied on November 20, 2015.
(Docket #24, 26.) On December 15, 2015, the trial court filed a
Rule 1925(a) opinion.
Jani has raised the following issues for this court’s review:
1. Did the trial court err by concluding that
O’Meara had not breached his contract with
Jani?
2. Did the trial court err by refusing to allow the
pleadings to be conformed to the evidence that
was presented at trial to include a claim for
breach of fiduciary duty, a claim for which
O’Meara had offered a defense anyway?
3. Did the trial court err by finding that O’Meara
had not breached his fiduciary duty to Jani?
Jani’s brief at 5.
Our appellate role in cases arising from non-jury trial
verdicts is to determine whether the findings of the
trial court are supported by competent evidence and
whether the trial court committed error in any
application of the law. The findings of the trial judge
in a non-jury case must be given the same weight
and effect on appeal as the verdict of a jury, and the
findings will not be disturbed on appeal unless
predicated upon errors of law or unsupported by
competent evidence in the record. Furthermore, our
standard of review demands that we consider the
evidence in a light most favorable to the verdict
winner.
Baney v. Eoute, 784 A.2d 132, 135 (Pa.Super. 2001) (citation omitted).
Additionally, “the trial court, as factfinder, is free to
believe all, part or none of the evidence presented
. . . .” Turney Media Fuel, Inc. v. Toll Bros., Inc.,
725 A.2d 836, 841 (Pa.Super. 1999). “[T]herefore,
assessments of credibility and conflicts in evidence
-4-
J. S67014/16
are for the trial court to resolve; this Court is not
permitted to reexamine the weight and credibility
determinations or substitute our judgment for that of
the factfinder.” Id.Sovereign Bank v. Valentino, 914 A.2d 415, 420 (Pa.Super. 2006).
First, we address Jani’s breach of contract claim. “Preliminarily, we
also recognize that ‘[a]n action for legal malpractice may be brought in
either contract or tort.’” Wachovia Bank v. Ferretti, 935 A.2d 565, 570
(Pa.Super. 2007), quoting Garcia v. Community Legal Servs. Corp., 524
A.2d 980, 982 (Pa.Super. 1987).
Generally speaking, for a plaintiff to successfully
maintain a cause of action for breach of contract
requires that the plaintiff establish: (1) the
existence of a contract, including its essential terms,
(2) a breach of a duty imposed by the contract and
(3) resultant damages. Corestates Bank v.
Cutillo, 723 A.2d 1053, 1058 (Pa.Super. 1999). In
the narrow realm of legal malpractice claims based
on an alleged breach of a contract between an
attorney and a client, the appellate courts of this
Commonwealth have jurisprudentially established,
and refined through time, the specific facts which a
plaintiff is required to demonstrate in order to
establish that a breach of a contractual duty on the
part of the attorney has occurred.
Gorski v. Smith, 812 A.2d 683, 692 (Pa.Super. 2002), appeal denied, 856
A.2d 834 (Pa. 2004).
[Bailey v. Tucker, 621 A.2d 108 (Pa. 1993),]
established the proposition that every contract for
legal services contains, as an implied term of the
contract, a promise by the attorney to render legal
services in accordance with the profession at large.
Thus, when an attorney enters into a contract to
provide legal services, there automatically arises a
-5-
J. S67014/16
contractual duty on the part of the attorney to
render those legal services in a manner that
comports with the profession at large. Hence, a
breach of contract claim may properly be premised
on an attorney’s failure to fulfill his or her contractual
duty to provide the agreed upon legal services in a
manner consistent with the profession at large.
Id. at 694. “[I]f a plaintiff demonstrates by a preponderance of the
evidence that an attorney has breached his or her contractual duty to
provide legal service in a manner consistent with the profession at large,
then the plaintiff has successfully established a breach of contract claim
against the attorney.” Id. at 697. See also Ferretti, 935 A.2d at 571(“With regard to a breach of contract claim, ‘an attorney who agrees for a
fee to represent a client is by implication agreeing to provide that client with
professional services consistent with those expected of the profession at
large.’”), quoting Bailey, 621 A.2d at 115.
Jani testified that her realtor was responsible for renting out the
property and she was not present to witness the signing of the lease
agreement. (Notes of testimony, 2/12/15 at 38-39.) She did not know who
actually signed the lease. (Id. at 39.) O’Meara testified that he spoke with
Ms. Camero who advised him that she was a close friend of Panaccio’s and
had filled out a rental application on his behalf. (Id. at 101-102.) However,
she never moved into the house and adamantly denied signing any lease.
-6-
J. S67014/16
(Id. at 103.)2 Ms. Camero told O’Meara that she never went to the realtor’s
office and never saw a copy of the lease until he showed it to her. (Id. at
105.) O’Meara testified that Ms. Camero’s signatures on the rental
application and the lease agreement were completely different. (Id.) In
addition, O’Meara spoke with Panaccio’s attorney who informed him that he
has represented Panaccio in approximately 20 cases involving property
disputes, including foreclosures and landlord/tenant proceedings. (Id. at
104.) O’Meara learned from Panaccio’s attorney “that this was the modus
oper[a]ndi of Mr. [Panaccio] where he would get a woman involved, get her
to sign off on these things and then, you know, he would ditch the
property.” (Id.)
Furthermore, O’Meara testified that in his judgment, Jani knew that
Ms. Camero had not signed the lease agreement. O’Meara testified that,
“she wanted like a deep pocket she could go after because she knew
Mr. [Panaccio] wasn’t going to pay.” (Id. at 115.) When O’Meara told Jani
that Ms. Camero never signed the lease, she did not dispute it: “She
basically, in my mind, made an admission that she knew that Ms. Camaro
[sic] had not been the one that had signed that document, the lease
document.” (Id. at 116.) “And all I’m saying is that Ms. Jani never
contested whenever I confronted her with it, with the fact that the lease
2
Plaintiff’s counsel did not timely object to this testimony as hearsay. (Id.
at 106.)
-7-
J. S67014/16
signature was wrong, that Ms. Camaro [sic] didn’t live there, that
Mr. [Panaccio] was the only person that resided there at the premises.”
(Id.) O’Meara testified that he told Jani that someone had obviously faked
Ms. Camero’s signature on the lease document: “But I did tell her that it
was a fraud. I think she knew about the fraud. She told me repeatedly,
well I just needed somebody to sign off so I could go after them.” (Notes of
testimony, 4/2/15 at 37.)
It is well established that an attorney is prohibited from bringing a
frivolous claim. See Pa.R.P.C. 3.1 (“A lawyer shall not bring or defend a
proceeding, or assert or controvert an issue therein, unless there is a basis
in law and fact for doing so that is not frivolous, which includes a good faith
argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing law.”). In
addition, an attorney may withdraw from representation if his client insists
on taking action which is fraudulent or with which the attorney has a
fundamental disagreement. See Pa.R.P.C. 1.16(b) (“[A] lawyer may
withdraw from representing a client if: (2) the client persists in a course of
action involving the lawyer’s services that the lawyer reasonably believes is
criminal or fraudulent; [or] (4) the client insists upon taking action that the
lawyer considers repugnant or with which the lawyer has a fundamental
disagreement[.]”).
Here, after investigation, O’Meara reasonably believed that
Ms. Camero did not sign the lease agreement, never moved into the
-8-
J. S67014/16
premises, and was not liable. Therefore, he had a professional obligation
not to sue Ms. Camero, no matter what his client wanted.
Moreover, even assuming the April 5, 2012 letter3 stating O’Meara’s
intention to file suit against the “defendants” (plural) constituted a binding
contract to sue both Panaccio and Ms. Camero, Jani subsequently agreed to
proceed only against Panaccio. O’Meara testified that on May 15, 2012, he
spoke with Jani regarding his concerns:
I spoke to her and her parents, and Mr. Cerillo[ 4]
was there, present. And I advised her the situation
was going on, that we had been back there for an
hour. And I said it’s clear to me that Ms. Camaro
[sic] didn’t – based on what she said, what she’s
represented, the evidence that I’ve looked at, and I
just didn’t have anything other to prove, to me, that
Ms. Camaro [sic] had done anything or had signed
this. Ms. Jani, again, agreed with me and agreed –
further agreed that we were just going to go after
Mr. [Panaccio]. And at that point my – I believed my
contract had been amended, our agreement had
been amended so that we’re just going to go after
Mr. [Panaccio] at this point. There was a meeting of
the minds. I discussed it fully with her. I discussed
it in front of her building manager. He agreed. She
agreed.
Notes of testimony, 2/12/15 at 108-109.
I asked her permission not to include her and she
said yes, you don’t have to include her. She agreed
to it on May 15 while I sat there with her, her
3
The April 5, 2012 letter stated, in relevant part, “It is my intention to file in
the Glen Mills District Court for landlord tenant dispute. Additionally, I will
be contacting defendants immediately by mail to advise of my
representation.” (Plaintiff’s Exhibit 2.)
4
Joseph Cerillo was Jani’s property manager.
-9-
J. S67014/16
parents, I believe it was her parents. I’m not getting
any feedback so I’m assuming that was her parents.
We talked about it and she agreed not to go forward
with that.
Notes of testimony, 4/2/15 at 15. The trial court found O’Meara’s testimony
to be credible and noted that even after O’Meara’s May 16, 2012 letter
reiterating that in his opinion, Ms. Camero was not a proper defendant,
Jani’s only response was to ask for a continuance so she could attend a
family function. (Trial court opinion, 12/15/15 at 7.) Therefore, the record
supports the trial court’s determination that the parties agreed to modify the
terms of the contract.
Moreover, Jani failed to plead and prove any damages. See Ferretti,
935 A.2d at 571 (“when it is alleged that an attorney has breached his
professional obligations to his client, an essential element of the cause of
action, whether the action be denominated in assumpsit or trespass, is proof
of actual loss”) (citations omitted); see also Nelson v. Heslin, 806 A.2d
873, 876 (Pa.Super. 2002), appeal denied, 831 A.2d 600 (Pa. 2003) (“An
essential element to this cause of action is proof of actual loss rather than a
breach of a professional duty causing only nominal damages, speculative
harm or threat of future harm”) (citation omitted).
- 10 -
J. S67014/16
As described above, Jani eventually obtained a default judgment
against Ms. Camero.5 While she alleged that she had to pay another
attorney $750 to represent her, she never provided any supporting
documentation that such fees were billed or paid. (Trial court opinion,
12/15/15 at 9.) O’Meara submitted a billing statement demonstrating that
the time he spent on the matter, when billed at an hourly rate, actually
exceeded the flat fee he initially charged Jani. (Id. at 8; notes of testimony,
2/12/15 at 122.) See Pa.R.P.C. 1.16(d) (“Upon termination of
representation, a lawyer shall take steps to the extent reasonably
practicable to protect a client’s interests, such as . . . refunding any advance
payment of fee or expense that has not been earned or incurred.”).
Therefore, we agree with the trial court that Jani failed to establish an actual
loss resulting from O’Meara’s alleged breach of contract that would entitle
her to collect damages.
Turning to the breach of a fiduciary duty claim, Jani first raised it in
her proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law filed after trial on
June 11, 2015. (Trial court opinion, 12/15/15 at 10.) She did not move to
amend her complaint until after the July 21, 2015 decision was filed.
“Amendments to pleadings are freely allowed under the Pennsylvania Rules
5
Ms. Camero filed for bankruptcy and Jani testified that she has been unable
to collect the judgment. (Notes of testimony, 2/12/15 at 84.) In fact, this
was another reason O’Meara advised Jani not to include Ms. Camero as a
defendant, that she had hired a bankruptcy lawyer and was judgment proof.
(Id. at 120.)
- 11 -
J. S67014/16
of Civil Procedure and it is within the trial court’s discretion whether to grant
or deny permission to amend. An amendment, however, may not introduce
a new cause of action after the applicable statute of limitations has run.”
Beckner v. Copeland Corp., 785 A.2d 1003, 1005 (Pa.Super. 2001),
appeal denied, 805 A.2d 518 (Pa. 2002), citing Pa.R.C.P. 1033; Trude v.
Martin, 660 A.2d 626, 635 (Pa.Super. 1995) (quotation marks omitted).
Here, Jani sought to amend her complaint to add a new cause of
action, breach of a fiduciary duty, after the two-year statute of limitations
period had expired. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5524. In her email dated June 1, 2012,
terminating O’Meara’s representation, Jani complained that, “I thought I had
hired you to represent my interest not Ms[.] Comero’s [sic] interest. But
from your letter dated 5/16/12 it is clear that you are representing Ms[.]
Comero’s [sic] interest.” (Plaintiff’s Exhibit 6.) Despite these allegations,
Jani did not pursue a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty until after trial.
The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Jani’s motion to amend
the pleadings.
At any rate, Jani failed to prove any breach of a fiduciary duty.
Under Pennsylvania law, the duty of an agent to his
principal is one of loyalty in all matters affecting the
subject of his agency, and the agent must act with
the utmost good faith in the furtherance and
advancements of the interests of his principal. This
duty is the same as that of fiduciary which has been
described as the duty to act for the benefit of
another as to matters within the scope of the
relation.
- 12 -
J. S67014/16
Garbish v. Malvern Fed. Sav. & Loan Assn., 517 A.2d 547, 553-554
(Pa.Super. 1986), appeal denied, 533 A.2d 712 (Pa. 1987) (citations and
quotation marks omitted).
Jani argues that O’Meara had an undisclosed relationship with
Ms. Camero and appeared to be more concerned with protecting Ms. Camero
than representing Jani’s interests. (Jani’s brief at 18-19.) O’Meara testified
that he had met Ms. Camero socially 20 years earlier and knew she worked
in Domestic Relations at the courthouse but did not have a relationship with
her. (Notes of testimony, 4/2/15 at 49-50.) The trial court found that Jani
failed to establish that the mere fact O’Meara was acquainted with
Ms. Camero created a conflict of interest or that O’Meara failed to act in
Jani’s best interests. (Trial court opinion, 12/15/15 at 13.) It is clear from
the testimony that O’Meara refused to file suit against Ms. Camero because
he did not believe she was liable, not because of any prior relationship.
Furthermore, any breach of fiduciary duty claim would likewise fail because
Jani failed to prove actual damages.
The trial court appropriately summed up this case, which never should
have seen the light of day in a courtroom, as follows:
In this case, what was perceived to be a simple
landlord tenant matter became unforeseeably
complicated, which led to a disagreement between
an attorney and his client. Since the parties were
unable to resolve their disagreement, the client was
forced to seek alternative representation. While
unfortunate, these circumstances do occur, are
contemplated by the law, and do not necessarily
- 13 -
J. S67014/16
mean any party breached contractual obligations or
acted in bad faith or without legal justification.
[Jani] failed to establish that [O’Meara] breached his
contractual obligations or his fiduciary obligations.
[Jani] also failed to establish that she suffered any
actual loss because of [O’Meara]’s conduct.
Trial court opinion, 12/15/15 at 15. We agree and can discern no basis for
disturbing the trial court’s verdict.
Judgment affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/18/2016
- 14 -