Com. v. Brown, J.

J-S89029-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
JAMES BROWN
Appellant No. 3193 EDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 8, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0014684-2012
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., MOULTON, J., and FITZGERALD, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 10, 2017
James Brown appeals from the October 8, 2015 judgment of sentence
entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas. We affirm the
judgment of sentence and dismiss Brown’s ineffective assistance of counsel
claims without prejudice.
The trial court1 set forth a procedural history of this matter as follows:
On October 1, 2012, [Brown] was arrested and
charged with murder and related offenses in connection
with the fatal shooting of decedent, Kenneth Butts.
____________________________________________
*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1
The Honorable Lillian Harris Ransom presided over Brown’s trial.
Judge Ransom was sworn in as a member of this Court in August 2016,
following her appointment to the Court in June 2016. Judge Ransom was
not involved in the review of this appeal.
J-S89029-16
On July 6, 2015, following a jury trial before this
Court, [Brown] was convicted of Third Degree Murder and
violating §§ 6106 and 6108 of the Uniform Firearms Act. [2]
He was adjudged not guilty of Possessing an Instrument of
Crime.[3] [Brown]’s sentencing hearing was deferred until
October 10, 2015, at which time the Court sentenced
[Brown] to concurrent prison terms of twenty (20) to forty
(40) years on the Murder bill and 6106 bill. No further
penalty was imposed on the remaining bill. This timely
appeal followed.
Opinion, 2/29/16, at 1-2 (“1925(a) Op.”).
On October 22, 2015, Brown filed a timely notice of appeal. On
October 26, 2015, the trial court ordered Brown to file and serve a
statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule
of Appellate Procedure 1925(b).4 On November 5, 2015, Brown filed a
motion requesting leave to file post-sentence motions nunc pro tunc. On
November 13, 2015, Brown filed a petition for extension of time to file his
Rule 1925(b) statement, requesting a 30-day extension so that the trial
court could rule on his pending motion. On November 16, 2015, Brown filed
his Rule 1925(b) statement. On November 17, 2015, the trial court denied
Brown’s motion to file post-sentence motions nunc pro tunc, specifically
ordering that Brown was not permitted to file post-sentence motions alleging
____________________________________________
2
18 Pa.C.S. §§ 2502(c), 6016(a)(1), and 6108, respectively.
3
18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a).
4
That same day, the trial court permitted Brown’s trial counsel to
withdraw. The trial court appointed appellate counsel for Brown on
November 4, 2015.
-2-
J-S89029-16
ineffectiveness of trial counsel. The trial court prepared an opinion pursuant
to Rule 1925(a). Brown raises three issues on appeal:5
A. Was trial counsel ineffective for failing to object and
request a mistrial when the prosecutor improperly
commented during trial and in closing argument on his
post-arrest invocation of his right to counsel?
B. Was trial counsel ineffective for failing to object to the
introduction of other crimes evidence regarding
defendant’s two prior arrests for firearms charges?
C. Was trial counsel ineffective for failing to request a
cautionary instruction with respect to the above-mentioned
other crimes evidence as required by Commonwealth v.
Billa, 555 A.2d 835 (Pa. 1999)?
Brown’s Br. at 3 (answers below omitted).
Brown asserts three claims of ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
Brown’s Br. at 11-13. However, before we address the merits of Brown’s
ineffectiveness claims, we must address whether his claims are properly
before this Court.
____________________________________________
5
In his Rule 1925(b) statement, Brown also raised two substantive
claims related to his first two ineffectiveness claims: (1) he was entitled to a
new trial based on the prosecutor’s alleged improper remarks on his post-
arrest invocation of his right to counsel; and (2) the trial court erred in
permitting the introduction of Brown’s two prior firearms charges. However,
Brown has abandoned these matters on appeal to this Court, as he neither
presented them in his statement of questions presented on appeal nor
argued them in his brief. See Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a) (“No question will be
considered unless it is stated in the statement of questions involved or is
fairly suggested thereby.”); Commonwealth v. Dunphy, 20 A.3d 1215,
1218 (Pa.Super. 2011) (concluding that questions presented in appellant’s
concise statement but not subsequently developed in his brief are
abandoned).
-3-
J-S89029-16
In Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79 A.3d 562 (Pa. 2013), “[o]ur
Supreme Court determined that, absent certain circumstances, ‘claims of
ineffective assistance of counsel are to be deferred to [Post Conviction Relief
Act (“PCRA”)] review; trial courts should not entertain claims of
ineffectiveness upon post-verdict motions; and such claims should not be
reviewed upon direct appeal.’” Commonwealth v. Harris, 114 A.3d 1, 5
(Pa.Super. 2015) (quoting Holmes, 79 A.3d at 576); see also
Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 726, 738 (Pa. 2002) (“[A]s a general
rule, a petitioner should wait to raise claims of ineffective assistance of trial
counsel until collateral review.”). The Holmes Court recognized two
exceptions to this general rule:
We recognize two exceptions [to the general rule] both
falling within the discretion of the trial judge. First, we
appreciate that there may be extraordinary circumstances
where a discrete claim (or claims) of trial counsel
ineffectiveness is apparent from the record and meritorious
to the extent that immediate consideration best serves the
interests of justice; and we hold that trial courts retain
their discretion to entertain such claims.
Second, with respect to other cases and claims . . . where
the defendant seeks to litigate multiple or prolix claims of
counsel ineffectiveness, including non-record-based claims,
on post-verdict motions and direct appeal, we repose
discretion in the trial courts to entertain such claims, but
only if (1) there is good cause shown,1 and (2) the unitary
review so indulged is preceded by the defendant’s knowing
and express waiver of his entitlement to seek PCRA review
from his conviction and sentence, including an express
recognition that the waiver subjects further collateral
review to the time and serial petition restrictions of the
PCRA.2 In other words, we adopt a paradigm whereby
unitary review may be available in such cases only to the
-4-
J-S89029-16
extent that it advances (and exhausts) PCRA review in
time; unlike the so-called [Commonwealth v. Bomar,
826 A.2d 831 (Pa. 2003)] exception, unitary review would
not be made available as an accelerated, extra round of
collateral attack as of right. This exception follows from
the suggestions of prior Court majorities respecting review
of prolix claims, if accompanied by a waiver of PCRA
review.
1
...[I]n short sentence cases the trial court’s
assessment of good cause should pay particular
attention to the length of the sentence imposed and
the effect the length of the sentence will have on the
defendant’s realistic prospect to be able to avail
himself of collateral review under the PCRA.
2
Unitary review describes the defendant’s ability to
pursue both preserved direct review claims and
collateral claims of trial counsel ineffectiveness on
post-sentence motions and direct appeal, and could
aptly describe both exceptions we recognize today.
However, for purposes of this appeal, we intend the
term only to describe the second exception, i.e., that
hybrid review which would encompass full-blown
litigation of collateral claims (including non-record-
based claims).
Holmes, 79 A.3d at 563–64 (some citations omitted).
Brown argues that his first claim “may be properly heard in the instant
appeal or at . . . least . . . remanded for an evidentiary hearing” because
“trial counsel’s ineffectiveness is apparent from the record in light of his
egregious failure to object to an obvious violation of [Brown]’s constitutional
rights.”6 Brown’s Br. at 10. The Commonwealth responds that Brown is not
____________________________________________
6
Brown does not argue that his claims are cognizable under the
unitary-review exception.
-5-
J-S89029-16
entitled to relief for two reasons. First, it asserts that the trial court did not
have jurisdiction to consider his motion to file post-sentence motions nunc
pro tunc because Brown waited until 23 days after imposition of sentence
and he had filed his notice of appeal. Cmwlth.’s Br. at 8 (citing Pa.R.Crim.P.
720(A)(1); Commonwealth v. Martz, 926 A.2d 514, 525 (Pa.Super.
2007)). Second, the Commonwealth argues that because the trial court
denied Brown’s motion and found no merit to Brown’s claims, his case is not
an “extraordinary” case pursuant to Holmes. Id. The Commonwealth
argues that the trial court did not exercise its discretion and determine that
his claims “were both meritorious and apparent from the record, such that
immediate consideration and relief was warranted.” Id. at 9.
The trial court did not address whether extraordinary circumstances
warranting immediate consideration of Brown’s ineffectiveness claims
existed.7 Based on our review of the record, we conclude that extraordinary
circumstances do not exist here because it is not clear that Brown’s claims
are meritorious and entitled to immediate consideration and relief.8 Thus,
____________________________________________
7
In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court addressed only the merits
of Brown’s claim of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness for failing to request a
limiting instruction pursuant to Billa. 1925(a) Op. at 8-10. The trial court
did not address the other two claims of ineffectiveness, but rather addressed
the underlying merits of each of those claims as Brown alleged in his Rule
1925(b) statement. Id. at 4-8.
8
In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court found no merit to Brown’s
ineffectiveness claim with respect to the Billa limiting instruction and no
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
-6-
J-S89029-16
this exception to the general rule deferring such claims to PCRA review does
not apply. Accordingly, the trial court correctly declined to review Brown’s
first two ineffectiveness claims and was not obligated to review Brown’s
ineffectiveness claim relating to Billa. Therefore, we dismiss Brown’s claims
of ineffectiveness of counsel without prejudice to his right to raise them in a
timely filed PCRA petition. See Commonwealth v. Burno, 94 A.3d 956,
971 (Pa. 2014) (concluding that appropriate disposition of collateral claims
for ineffectiveness of counsel improperly entertained by trial court is
dismissal of claims without prejudice to appellant’s right to pursue them
under PCRA).
Judgment of sentence affirmed. Ineffective assistance of counsel
claims dismissed without prejudice. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/10/2017
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
merit in the underlying issues of Brown’s other two ineffectiveness claims.
See 1925(a) Op. at 4-10.
-7-