Com. v. Morris, A.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ACKEEM MORRIS :
:
Appellant : No. 255 EDA 2018
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 8, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0011393-2016
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and McCAFFERY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED JUNE 22, 2020
Ackeem Morris appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in the
Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, after a jury convicted him of
attempted murder, aggravated assault, conspiracy to commit attempted
murder and aggravated assault, two violations of the Uniform Firearms Act,
possession of an instrument of crime (PIC), simple assault, and recklessly
endangering another person (REAP).1 After careful review, we affirm the
convictions based on the opinion authored by the Honorable Susan I.
Schulman. However, for the reasons set forth below, we vacate the judgment
of sentence and remand for resentencing.
The events leading up to the shooting of Brandon Davis were captured
on various cameras placed throughout the streets of Philadelphia, and within
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118 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901, 2702(a)(1), 903, 6106 and 6108, 907, 2701(a)(1),
and 2705, respectively.
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public spaces in an apartment building in North Philadelphia. On September
17, 2016, at approximately 11 A.M., Morris was dressed in traditional Muslim
garb, and was wearing a brown purse, sunglasses, and distinctive bright
yellow socks. Morris, standing on the eighth floor of the aforementioned
apartment building in North Philadelphia, took an elevator with Talil Williams,2
who was carrying a bicycle. The two knew each other and took the elevator
down to the lobby and walked outside together.
Various cameras show that Williams arrived first, and alone, at the
intersection of Carlisle and York Streets, the scene of the shooting, riding the
bicycle. There, Williams saw Davis, the victim, and exchanged a few brief
words with him before riding away. Morris arrived on foot shortly thereafter,
and stepped into the corner store at that location. Morris, after being inside
the store for only a few seconds, turned around, retrieved a pistol from his
purse as he exited the store, and immediately opened fire on Davis. Davis
fled down the street as Morris continued to fire a total of six shots at Davis.
After the shooting, Morris walked away from the intersection, eventually broke
into a run, and headed back in the general direction from which he came.
Morris appeared again on various cameras within minutes at the apartment
building elevators—this time undisguised—yet still wearing his shoes and
distinctive yellow socks. Morris was again accompanied by Williams, who now
carried the brown purse that Morris was initially wearing. The police
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2 Talil Williams is also known as Yasin West.
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eventually searched Williams’ apartment, where they discovered the brown
purse, Morris’ ID card, the same distinctive yellow socks, and some black
shorts. Subsequent laboratory testing revealed the presence of gun-shot
residue on the purse, and concluded that the DNA on the shorts very likely
came from Morris.
On September 9, 2017, a jury found Morris guilty of all of the above-
stated charges. Morris subsequently pled guilty to possession of a firearm by
a convicted person, which was bifurcated to avoid revealing Morris’ felon
status to the jury. On December 8, 2017, the court sentenced Morris to ten
to twenty years’ incarceration for attempted murder, ten to twenty years for
conspiracy to attempt murder, and assessed no further penalty for the
remaining crimes, resulting in an aggregate sentence of twenty to forty years.
Morris filed motions for reconsideration of his sentence and post-trial relief on
December 18, 2017, both of which were denied that same day. This timely
appeal follows.
In this appeal, Morris raises the following two claims:3
(1) Did the lower court error when it failed to grant [Morris’]
motion for a new trial based upon the insufficient evidence to
sustain the multiple criminal convictions?
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3 Pursuant to Commonwealth v. Snyder, 870 A.2d 336, 342 (Pa. Super.
2005), Morris has abandoned his weight of the evidence claim on appeal
because that claim is undeveloped and indistinguishable from his sufficiency
of the evidence claim. See Appellant’s Brief, at 1; 8 (“The weight of the
evidence presented to the [j]ury was insufficient to sustain the guilty verdicts
to attempted murder, aggravated assault[.]”).
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(2) Did the lower court commit [reversible] error and violate
[Morris’] constitutional rights [] when it sentenced [Morris] to a
combined consecutive sentence of twenty [] to forty [] years[’
incarceration]?
See Appellant’s Brief, at 7; 9.
In a sixteen-page opinion issued on May 1, 2019, Judge Schulman
addressed the issues identified in forty-eight numbered paragraphs in Morris’
counseled Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on
appeal. Judge Schulman categorized the “repetitive, disorganized, and often
incoherent [issues] that [represent] a flagrant disregard for the clear mandate
of Rule 1925(b)” into: (1) sufficiency of the evidence and weight of the
evidence claims, and (2) challenges to the sentence imposed. See Trial Court
Opinion, 5/1/19, at 9.
Morris first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain his
convictions. He claims that the evidence was insufficient to identify him as
the shooter and insufficient to identify a victim. In Harden, we restated our
standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence claims on appeal as follows:
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at
trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there
is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In
applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence
and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition,
we note that the facts and circumstances established by the
Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may
be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak
and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of
fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The
Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every
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element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means
of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying
the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
[finder] of fact[,] while passing upon the credibility of
witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free
to believe all, part or none of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Phillips, 93 A.3d 847, 856 (Pa. Super.
2014) (citations omitted; bracketed material in original). Further,
in viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
Commonwealth as the verdict winner, the court must give the
prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn
from the evidence. Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745,
751 (Pa. 2000).
Commonwealth v. Harden, 103 A.3d 107 (Pa. Super. 2014).
The jury convicted Morris of attempted first-degree murder, 18
Pa.C.S.A. § 901. Section 901 provides:
(a) Definition of attempt. -- A person commits an attempt when,
with intent to commit a specific crime, he does any act which
constitutes a substantial step toward to commission of that
crime.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 901(a). “A criminal homicide constitutes murder in the first
degree when it is committed by an intentional killing.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. §2502(a).
“For the [C]ommonwealth to prevail in a conviction of criminal attempt to
commit homicide, it must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused
with a specific intent to kill took a substantial step towards that goal.”
Commonwealth v. Robertson, 874 A.2d 1200, 1207 (Pa. Super. 2005). The
specific intent to kill can be inferred from the circumstances surrounding an
unlawful killing or from the fact that the accused used a deadly weapon to
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inflict injury to a vital part of the victim’s body. Commonwealth v.
Geathers, 847 A.2d 730, 737 (Pa. Super. 2004).
In Pennsylvania, criminal conspiracy is defined as follows:
A person is guilty of conspiracy with another person or persons to
commit a crime if with the intent of promoting or facilitating its
commission he: (1) agrees with such other person or persons that
they or one or more of them will engage in conduct which
constitutes such crime or an attempt or solicitation to commit
such crime; or (2) agrees to aid such other person or persons in
the planning or commission of such crime or of an attempt or
solicitation to commit such crime.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903. Also, “[a] conspiracy may be proven inferentially by
showing the relation, conduct, or circumstances of the parties, and the overt
acts of alleged co-conspirators are competent as proof that a criminal
confederation has in fact been formed.” Commonwealth v. Ruffin, 463 A.2d
1117, 1119 (Pa. Super. 1983) (quoting Commonwealth v. Kennedy, 453
A.2d 927 (Pa. 1982)).
In response to the issues raised by Morris, the trial court has provided
a thorough and well-reasoned discussion explaining why these sufficiency
claims are meritless. See Trial Court Opinion, 5/1/19, at 9-12 (finding
evidence sufficient to prove all elements of attempted first-degree murder and
conspiracy to commit first-degree murder where: (1) Morris’ co-conspirator,
Williams, told detectives Morris was the shooter; (2) video evidence
corroborates Williams’ statements to police about Morris’ guilt; (3) Williams
stated to police he encountered Morris dressed in Muslim garb minutes before
shooting; (4) Williams and Morris both went to location where Davis was
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standing outside of corner store and was shot; (5) Morris was videotaped
shooting Davis multiple times; (6) minutes after shooting, in elevator, Morris
mimicked and reenacted Davis’ reaction to being shot; (7) Morris’ DNA
matched DNA recovered from shorts worn by shooter whom Williams identified
was Morris; (8) Detective Michael Rocks testified he visited hospital several
times and spoke with Davis; (9) Detective Rocks testified that no other
shootings occurred on day and in area that Davis was shot; (10) Raheem Hall
advised Detective Michael Repici that he transported Davis to hospital because
“he was shot;” and (11) medical records state that Davis was transported to
Temple University Hospital on September 17, 2016, with multiple gunshot
wounds.) Because we agree with the sound analysis expressed by Judge
Schulman in her opinion, we adopt it to dispose of Morris’ sufficiency issues
raised in this appeal. We instruct the parties to attach a copy of Judge
Schulman’s decision in the event of further proceedings in the matter.
Morris also challenges the aggregate sentence imposed by the trial
court, twenty to forty years of incarceration, by claiming that the trial court
“abused [its] discretion” in sentencing him to such an “excessive upward
departure” from the Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines. Appellant’s Brief, at
10. “It is well settled that, with regard to the discretionary aspects of
sentencing, there is no automatic right to appeal.” Commonwealth v.
Mastromarino, 2 A.3d 581, 585 (Pa. Super. 2010); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
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In Commonwealth v. Cook, 941 A.2d 7 (Pa. Super. 2007), we
delineated the following four-part test that must be satisfied prior to our
reaching the merits of a discretionary sentencing issue:
(1) [W]hether appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, Pa.R.A.P.
902, 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved at
sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
sentence, Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a
fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a
substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not
appropriate under the Sentencing Code[.]
Cook, 941 A.2d at 11.
In Commonwealth v. Kiesel, 854 A.2d 530 (Pa. Super. 2004), we
discussed the Rule 2119(f) requirement in greater detail:
[W]hen the appellant has not included a Rule 2119(f) statement
and the appellee has not objected, this Court may ignore the
omission and determine if there is a substantial question that the
sentence imposed was not appropriate, or enforce the
requirements of Pa.[]R.A.P. 2119(f) sua sponte, i.e., deny
allowance of appeal. However, this option is lost if the appellee
objects to a 2119(f) omission. In such circumstances, this Court
is precluded from reviewing the merits of the claim and the appeal
must be denied.
Kiesel, 854 A.2d at 533 (internal citations omitted); see also,
Commonwealth v. Gambal, 561 A.2d 710, 713 (Pa. 1989).
Here, Morris failed to include a Rule 2119(f) statement in his brief. The
Commonwealth objected to Morris’ failure to include the Rule 2119(f)
statement. See Appellee’s Brief, at 11-12. Accordingly, this court is
precluded from reviewing the merits of Morris’ discretionary sentencing
claims. Kiesel, supra.
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Finally, we recognize that a legality of sentencing claim is not waivable
and may be considered sua sponte by a reviewing court. Commonwealth v.
Ford, 461 A.2d 1281, 1288 (Pa. Super. 1983). Pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
906, “[a] person may not be convicted of more than one inchoate crime of
attempt, solicitation, or conspiracy for conduct designed to commit or to
culminate in the commission of the same crime.” Pursuant to
Commonwealth v. Maguire, 452 A.2d 1047, 1050 (Pa. Super. 1982), when
a trial court is faced with a jury verdict of guilty of more than one inchoate
crime, it is required to render judgment of sentence for no more than one of
those crimes. Our Supreme Court has acknowledged that a section 906
violation goes to the legality of the sentence, and, thus, is non-waivable and
may be considered by an appellate court sua sponte. See Commonwealth
v. Jacobs, 39 A.3d 977, 982 (Pa. 2012).
Here, the trial court imposed a sentence on both of Morris’ attempted
murder and conspiracy to commit murder convictions — two inchoate crimes.
Thus, the trial court’s sentence was imposed in violation of Maguire.
Accordingly, we vacate the sentence and remand for resentencing. See
Commonwealth v. Jackson, 421 A.2d 845, 847 (Pa. Super. 1980). Because
the court ordered Morris’ sentences to run consecutive to each other, our
vacatur upsets the sentencing scheme and we must remand for
resentencing. See Commonwealth v. Williams, 997 A.2d 1205, 1210-11
(Pa. Super. 2010) (“[I]f a correction by this Court may upset the sentencing
scheme envisioned by the trial court, the better practice is to remand [for
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resentencing.]”) (internal quotations, citations, and corrections
omitted). See also Commonwealth v. Moody, 441 A.2d 371, 375 (Pa.
Super. 1982) (after reversing judgment of sentence as to one of appellant’s
convictions, vacating remaining convictions in part, and remanding for re-
sentencing, we noted that “where a conviction on one count may have
influenced sentencing on other counts, all sentences should be vacated and
the case remanded for resentencing.”). Therefore, we vacate Morris’
judgment of sentence and remand for resentencing.
Convictions affirmed. Judgments of sentence vacated. Case remanded
for resentencing consistent with this decision. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/22/20
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