Com. v. Flemings, D.

J-S26017-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DARNELL LAMOUNT FLEMINGS :
:
Appellant : No. 1321 WDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 19, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-25-CR-0002146-2018
BEFORE: MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 16, 2020
Darnell Lamount Flemings appeals from the judgment of sentence
entered following entry of his guilty plea to conspiracy to commit possession
of a controlled substance with intent to deliver (“PWID”) marijuana and
receiving stolen property.1 Flemings claims the court imposed an illegal
sentence because the costs imposed at sentencing included a lab fee for
controlled substance related charges that were nolle prossed, not only for
marijuana, which is the controlled substance underlying his conviction. We
agree, reverse the judgment of sentence as it relates to costs, and remand
with instructions.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903, 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30), and 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3925,
respectively.
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The Commonwealth charged Flemings with criminal conspiracy to
commit PWID of cocaine, criminal conspiracy to commit PWID of marijuana,
PWID of cocaine, PWID of marijuana, possession of cocaine, possession of
marijuana, possession of hydrocodone, possession of alprazolam, possession
of high potency pharmaceutical cannabis vape pens, possession of drug
paraphernalia, and receiving stolen property. The charges stemmed from the
execution of a search warrant on a house Flemings shared with co-defendant
Cordele Miles, III.
Flemings pled guilty to criminal conspiracy to commit PWID of marijuana
and receiving stolen property. The remaining charges were nolle prossed. The
trial court sentenced Flemings to 7 to 23 months’ imprisonment for the
receiving stolen property conviction and a consecutive term of two years’
probation for the conspiracy to commit PWID conviction. The court further
ordered Flemings to pay a lab fee of $869, joint and several with Miles. The
fee included the costs for testing for all substances, not only the cost for
testing for marijuana. N.T., 6/19/19, at 17 (stating that the lab fee was for
marijuana, cocaine, and the other controlled substances). 2
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2 Flemings filed a motion with the trial court to correct the certified record so
that it included the sealed PSI, noting that the sealed PSI had a two page lab
report with it and that the lab report was needed for the Superior Court’s
review. The trial court granted the motion and ordered the certified record be
“supplemented with the sealed PSI Report” and for the clerk of court to
transmit the motion and sealed PSI to the superior court. The supplemental
record included a one page, unsealed PSI, which notes that the drug analysis
is attached, but did not include the actual drug analysis. Because Flemings
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Flemings filed a post-sentence motion, asking the court to reconsider
the imposition of the lab fee costs because the amount included the cost
associated with testing items that Flemings was not convicted of possessing.
Flemings asked the trial court to find that he was not required to pay the fee
or to direct the Commonwealth to obtain an itemization of the fee so the court
could order Flemings to pay only the cost associated with the testing for
marijuana. The trial court denied the motion. Flemings filed a timely notice of
appeal.
Flemings raises the following issue on appeal:
Did the trial court err or commit an abuse of discretion when
it ordered [Flemings], who had been solely convicted of
conspiracy to distribute marijuana, to pay the lab fees
associated with the testing of other drugs, as this sentence
violates 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 1725.3 and the United States
Supreme Court’s holding in Nelson v. Colorado, 137 S.Ct.
1249 (2017)?
Flemings’ Br. at 8.
A challenge to the trial court's authority to impose costs implicates the
legality of sentence. Commonwealth v. Lehman, 201 A.3d 1279, 1283
(Pa.Super. 2019). Our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review
is plenary. Id. The Commonwealth bears the burden of proving that the
expenses were necessary and in connection with the prosecution of the
offense or offenses of which the defendant was found guilty. Commonwealth
____________________________________________
attempted to supplement the record with the documentation, and because the
parties agree that the lab fees included costs for all controlled substances, not
just marijuana, we will address the issue.
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v. Garzone, 993 A.2d 1245, 1259 (Pa.Super. 2010), aff'd 34 A.3d 67 (Pa.
2012).
The statute governing the imposition of lab fees provides that a person
who pleads guilty to a violation of the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and
Cosmetic Act shall pay costs in cases where laboratory services were required
to prosecute the crime:
(a) Imposition.--A person . . . who pleads guilty to or nolo
contendere to or who is convicted of . . . a violation of The
Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act shall,
in addition to any fines, penalties or costs, in every case
where laboratory services were required to prosecute the
crime or violation, be sentenced to pay a criminal laboratory
or paramedic user fee which shall include, but not be limited
to, the cost of sending a laboratory technician or paramedic
to court proceedings.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 1725.3(a). The statute further governs the amount of the user
fee:
(b) Amount of user fee.--
(2) If a Pennsylvania State Police laboratory has provided
services in the prosecution, the director or similar officer of
the Pennsylvania State Police laboratory shall determine the
actual cost of the laboratory services provided in the
prosecution and transmit a statement for services rendered
to the court.
Id. at 1725.3(b)(2).
Flemings argues that the plain language of this statute required that an
individual convicted of a violation of the drug act pay the lab fee required for
that prosecution, and that the police lab submit a report of the actual cost
associated with that prosecution. He notes that in Nelson v. Colorado, the
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United States Supreme Court held that, absent a conviction, a court could not
require defendants to pay costs, fees, or restitution. Fleming’s Br. at 17.
The Commonwealth maintains that the statute requires costs to be
assessed where the costs are associated with the prosecution of a violation of
the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, and that the statute
does not provide for a pro rata distribution of fees for co-defendants and does
not provide limits for the costs of prosecution to only those counts for which
a plea is entered. It claims that the fact that a case ends in a guilty plea, with
some charges withdrawn “does not negate the requirement of laboratory
services that were necessary to prepare the prosecution of the violation.”
Commonwealth’s Br. at 3. It distinguished Nelson, noting that, in Nelson, all
charges were dismissed when the convictions were overturned.
In Nelson, the United States Supreme Court concluded that a statute
requiring defendants to prove their innocence by clear and convincing
evidence to obtain a refund of costs, fees and restitution after a court
invalidated the underlying convictions violated Due Process. 137 S.Ct. 1249,
1252 (2017). In doing so, the Court reasoned, in part, that a state “may not
retain funds taken from [the defendants] solely because of their now-
invalidated convictions . . . for [a state] may not presume a person adjudged
guilty of no crime, nonetheless guilty enough for monetary exactions.” Id. at
1256. The Court further noted that it was “inconsequential” that the
defendants “prevailed on subsequent review rather than in the first instance,”
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noting that if a trial court had granted a motion to set aside a guilty verdict as
insufficient, then the defendant would not be sentenced to pay costs.
In Commonwealth v. Moran, 675 A.2d 1269, 1272 (Pa.Super. 1996),
we interpreted Section 1403, which provides that “[i]n any case where a
defendant is convicted and sentenced to pay the costs of prosecution and trial,
the expenses of the district attorney in connection with such prosecution shall
be considered a part of the costs of the case and be paid by the defendant.”
16 P.S. § 1403. We concluded that the trial court erred in requiring the
defendant to pay the costs incurred in connection with a drunk driving charge,
where the jury had acquitted the defendant of that charge. Id. at 1273. We
explained that in this context the terms “prosecution” and “conviction” must
be read as being “synonymous,” because an “exoneration of all charges would
not permit the imposition of costs of ‘prosecution.’” Id. at 1272 n.11. We thus
concluded that “[t]here must be a nexus between the ‘conviction’ and [costs]
imposed ....” Id.
The Commonwealth relies on Commonwealth v. Soudani, 165 A.2d
709 (Pa.Super. 1960), where the court refused to apportion costs between
counts when one was overturned, reasoning all costs were necessary to try
the defendant on the second count. In Soudani, the defendant had been
convicted of aggravated assault and battery and assault with intent to kill. Id.
at 710. On appeal, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that the convictions
should have merged, and it therefore set aside the sentence for the conviction
for aggravated assault and battery. Id. The defendant then sought
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apportionment of the amount of costs, and requested that this Court strike
the amount applicable to the aggravated assault and battery conviction. We
held that the costs of prosecution in that case could not be divided, as “all the
costs were necessary to try appellant on the second count of the indictment,
and [because] there was but one set of costs.” Id. at 711.
Here, Flemings was convicted of conspiracy to commit PWID of
marijuana and receiving stolen property. The remaining drug charges were
nolle prossed. Therefore the court should have required that he pay only the
lab fees associated with the marijuana charge. Unlike the fees at issue in
Soudani, the lab fees for controlled substances other than marijuana were
not necessary to prosecute Flemings for conspiracy to commit PWID of
marijuana.
We remand this case to the trial court. The Commonwealth shall file with
the trial court an itemized lab fee report, delineating the costs associated with
conspiracy to commit PWID of marijuana charge.
Judgment of sentence reversed. Case remanded with instructions.
Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 9/16/2020
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