Com. v. Usanga, P.

J-S29031-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
PATRICK E. USANGA :
:
Appellant : No. 1946 EDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 11, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0009710-2013
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., NICHOLS, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY PELLEGRINI, J.: FILED JULY 13, 2020
Patrick E. Usanga (Usanga) appeals pro se from the order denying his
first petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.
§§ 9541-9546, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (PCRA
court). After our careful review, we affirm.
I.
We take the following factual background and procedural history from
our independent review of the record, this Court’s August 16, 2017 opinion,
and the PCRA court’s December 16, 2019 opinion. A previous panel of this
Court set forth the relevant factual background of this matter as follows:
[Usanga], a Nigerian–born United States citizen[,] obtained
a medical degree from the University of Guadalajara in Mexico in
1982. He took the board examination to be a licensed medical
____________________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S29031-20
doctor in Pennsylvania several times in the 1980s and [19]90s,
but did not pass. On May 19, 2009, he filed the necessary
paperwork to incorporate a health care facility, Northeast
Behavioral Medicine, Inc., with himself as the sole officer of the
corporation. . . . He applied for and received a license to operate
a psychiatric clinic soon after incorporation. At all times during
the period of time Northeast Behavioral Medicine was in business
and seeing patients, [Usanga] was the only provider at the facility.
During that period, he saw patients for various mental
health and substance abuse issues. Several of his former patients
testified that he told them that he was either a psychologist or a
psychiatrist. As a result of the services provided by the Appellant,
he billed various insurance companies including Aetna and Blue
Cross[,] for his services. . . . [Usanga] billed Aetna $24,950[.00]
and received $5,036.38 as an out [-]of[-]network provider. Blue
Cross paid a total of $15,763.84 to [him]. That money was
deposited in a TD Bank account owned by [Usanga].
On November 29, 2011, the Pennsylvania Department of
Public Welfare (“DPW”) conducted an annual field investigation of
Northeast Behavioral Medicine. . . . On March 13, 2012, a DPW
employee made an unannounced field visit to [Usanga’s] office
where it was closed and the doors were locked. DPW then sent
[him] a letter . . . stating that due to [his] failure to conform to
the requirements listed, his license to operate a psychiatric clinic
was revoked.
Concurrently to the period of time that [Usanga] was
operating Northeast Behavioral Medicine, he was also collecting
unemployment compensation and Social Security disability
benefits. . . . [However, Usanga] was not entitled to
unemployment benefits once he incorporated his business and
became self-employed. The Pennsylvania Department of Labor
determined that the Appellant was paid $52,000 [.00] in
unemployment compensation that he was not entitled to receive.
Additionally, [Usanga] filed for disability benefits from the
Social Security Administration in April 2012. [He] claimed he was
disabled and unable to work from April 2011 through October
2012. He received 32 checks [totaling] $16,108[.00]. The Social
Security Administration determined that he was not entitled to the
full amount that was paid to him during that time because he was
working during that period of time, he was not truthful on his
-2-
J-S29031-20
application regarding whether he was married, and he did not
disclose that he was also receiving unemployment compensation
during that period.
(Commonwealth v. Usanga, 2017 WL 3496558, unpublished memorandum,
at **1-2 (Pa. Super. filed Aug. 16, 2017)) (record citation omitted).
On August 15, 2013, the Commonwealth charged Usanga with twenty-
seven counts of Insurance Fraud, eleven counts of Tampering with Public
Records, four counts of Theft by Deception, two counts of Attempted Theft,
two counts of Harassment and one count of Making False Statements
Regarding an Unemployment Compensation Claim.1 On March 16, 2015,
Usanga appeared for a jury trial. On the fifth day of trial, March 23, 2015, he
failed to appear and trial continued without him. On March 26, 2015, a jury
convicted him of twenty-three counts of Insurance Fraud, four counts of Theft
by Deception and eight counts of Tampering with Public Records. The court
convicted him of one count of Making False Statements Regarding an
Unemployment Compensation Claim. On May 20, 2015, the court sentenced
him to an aggregate term of incarceration of not less than six nor more than
twelve years, plus five years’ reporting probation. After his post-sentence
motions were denied, Usanga appealed, and this Court affirmed his judgment
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S. § 4117(a)(2) and (6), 18 Pa.C.S. § 4911(a)(1), 18 Pa.C.S. §
3922(a)(1), 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 901 and 3922, 18 Pa.C.S. § 2709(a)(2)-(3) and 43
P.S. § 871, respectively.
-3-
J-S29031-20
of sentence on August 16, 2017. He did not seek further review in the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
On June 5, 2018, Usanga filed his first PCRA petition pro se. On July
31, 2018, the court held a Grazier2 hearing as a result of which it permitted
Usanga to proceed pro se. The Commonwealth filed a Motion to Dismiss the
Petition on April 9, 2019. The PCRA court sent Usanga Notice of its Intent to
Dismiss on May 9, 2019. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(1). After receiving Usanga’s
response to the notice, the court dismissed the petition for lack of merit on
June 11, 2019. Usanga timely appealed.3 The court did not order a statement
of errors on appeal, but it filed an opinion on December 16, 2019. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
II.
Usanga raises ten issues for our review, which include eight claims of
trial court error, a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, and a
discretionary aspects of sentence challenge.4 He maintains that the trial court
____________________________________________
2 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
3Our standard of review of the denial of a PCRA petition is whether the record
supports the court’s findings of fact and is free of legal error. See
Commonwealth v. Chambers, 852 A.2d 1197, 1198 (Pa. Super. 2004),
appeal denied, 871 A.2d 188 (Pa. 2005).
4He only raises three claims in his Statement of Questions Involved. (See
Usanga’s Brief, at 3). Generally, claims not raised in the Statement of
Questions Involved or fairly suggested thereby are waived. See Pa.R.A.P.
-4-
J-S29031-20
erred in (1) denying his motion for time to find private counsel “instead of
being forced to be represented by a court appointed attorney” he did not
request; (2) “fast tracking the beginning of trial [by three days], unbeknownst
to [him], again to make sure . . . [he] could not hire any attorney”; (3) denying
[his] verbal motion to have three electronic devices that were confiscated by
the Philadelphia County Healthcare Insurance Fraud Task Force returned to
him as those devices held evidence that would have cleared him of filing
fraudulent application[s] for Social Security Disability; (4) by allowing him to
be tried for counseling without a license and practicing medicine without a
license (Healthcare Facility Insurance Fraud); (5) by allowing him to be tried
and convicted for Tampering with Public Record and false statement to obtain
unemployment benefits; (6) by allowing him to be convicted of Healthcare
Facility Insurance Fraud; (7) in holding a hearing in front of the jury regarding
his emergency medical absence; and (8) in engaging in an ex parte meeting
with a prosecution witness. (Usanga’s Brief, at 3; 13-36). In his ninth issue,
Usanga asserts that both trial and direct appeal counsel were ineffective on
seven different bases, (see id. at 37-41), in addition to failing to challenge
his conviction for Tampering with Public Records and False Statement to
Obtain Unemployment Benefits. (See id. at 27). Finally, in his tenth issue,
____________________________________________
2116(a). However, in the interest of judicial economy, we include all ten
claims in our review.
-5-
J-S29031-20
he challenges his sentence based on the court’s alleged failure to consider
certain mitigating factors. (See id. at 41-43).
To be eligible for PCRA relief, a petitioner must plead and prove by a
preponderance of the evidence that he has been convicted of a crime and that
his conviction resulted from one or more of the enumerated circumstances
identified in Section 9543 of the PCRA:
(i) A violation of the Constitution of this Commonwealth or the
Constitution or laws of the United States which, in the
circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the truth-
determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or
innocence could have taken place.
(ii) Ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances
of the particular case, so undermined the truth-determining
process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could
have taken place.
(iii) A plea of guilty unlawfully induced where the circumstances
make it likely that the inducement caused the petitioner to plead
guilty and the petitioner is innocent.
(iv) The improper obstruction by government officials of the
petitioner’s right of appeal where a meritorious appealable issue
existed and was properly preserved in the trial court.
(v) Deleted.
(vi) The unavailability at the time of trial of exculpatory evidence
that has subsequently become available and would have changed
the outcome of the trial if it had been introduced.
(vii) The imposition of a sentence greater than the lawful
maximum.
(viii) A proceeding in a tribunal without jurisdiction.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2).
-6-
J-S29031-20
A.
To be eligible for relief, a petitioner must also prove by a preponderance
of the evidence that his claims have not been previously litigated or waived.
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(3). Section 9544 of the PCRA provides, in pertinent
part, that an issue has been previously litigated if “the highest appellate court
in which the petitioner could have had review as a matter of right has ruled
on the merits of the issue[,] and it has been waived “if the petitioner could
have raised it but failed to do so before trial, at trial, during unitary review,
on appeal or in a prior state postconviction proceeding.” 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9544(a)(2), (b).
It is well-settled that allegations of trial court error are waived at the
collateral review stage because they could have been raised on direct appeal.
See 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9543(a)(3), 9544(a)(2), (b); Commonwealth v. Rush,
838 A.2d 651, 660 (Pa. 2003). Put another way, where a defendant could
have raised claims of trial error in his direct appeal but failed to do so, they
are waived for the purpose of PCRA review and can afford a defendant no
basis for relief. See Commonwealth v. Ford, 809 A.2d 325, 329 (Pa. 2002),
cert. denied, 540 U.S. 1150 (2004) (finding constitutional claims and
allegations of trial court error waived where not raised on direct appeal).
In this case, Usanga could have raised his claims of trial court error and
his challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentence on direct review but
-7-
J-S29031-20
failed to do so.5 Therefore, they are waived and cannot form the basis for
PCRA relief.6 See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9544(a)(2), (b); Ford, supra at 329; Rush,
supra at 660.
B.
In his eighth claim, Usanga challenges the assistance of both his trial
and appellate counsel.
In considering an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we observe
first that counsel is presumed effective and that a petitioner bears the burden
____________________________________________
5 On direct appeal, Usanga raised four issues of trial court error that we
rejected based on their lack of merit. Namely, he challenged: (1) the trial
court’s denial of his motion to sever; (2) the trial court’s denial of his motion
for mistrial; (3) the trial court’s admission of certain evidence; and (4) the
discretionary aspects of his sentence premised on the trial court’s failure to
provide an explanation for sentencing him outside the guidelines. (See
Usanga, supra at *3).
6 We also note that even if Usanga were eligible for relief on his issues under
the PCRA, they would be waived for his failure to properly develop them for
our review. Instead, he recites the facts of what occurred at trial in the light
most favorable to him without providing any references to the record or
citations to pertinent authority and discussion thereof. See Pa.R.A.P.
2119(a)-(d); Commonwealth v. Cannavo, 199 A.3d 1282, 1289 (Pa. Super.
2018), appeal denied, 217 A.3d 180 (2019) (“We shall not develop an
argument for an appellant, nor shall we scour the record to find evidence to
support an argument; instead, we will deem [the] issue to be waived.”)
(citation omitted); Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa. Super.
2007), 940 A.2d 362 (Pa. 2008) (“When briefing the various issues that have
been preserved, it is an appellant’s duty to present arguments that are
sufficiently developed for our review.”). Therefore, his claims of court error
at trial and in sentencing are waived on this basis as well.
-8-
J-S29031-20
to prove otherwise. See Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 804 (Pa.
Super. 2014). To establish an ineffectiveness claim, a defendant must prove:
(1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) no reasonable
basis existed for counsel’s actions or failure to act; and (3)
[appellant] suffered prejudice as a result of counsel’s error such
that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the
proceeding would have been different absent such error.
Id. (citation omitted). “Failure to prove any prong of this test will defeat an
ineffectiveness claim. When an appellant fails to meaningfully discuss each of
the three ineffectiveness prongs, he is not entitled to relief, and we are
constrained to find such claims waived for lack of development.” Id. (citations
and internal quotation marks). Finally, counsel will not be found ineffective
for failing to raise a meritless claim. See id.In Usanga’s brief, he baldly claims trial counsel was ineffective on the
bases of: (1) his failure to raise several objections, (2) his failure to present
certain evidence and witnesses, (3) his responding to Usanga’s request by
stating that he is “a nigga who won’t listen;” (4) his failure to properly cross-
examine Commonwealth witnesses; and (5) his failure to properly instruct the
jury. (See Usanga’s Brief, at 37-41). He also claims that appellate counsel
was ineffective for failing to challenge his conviction for Tampering with Public
Record and False Statement to Obtain Unemployment Benefit and for filing “a
direct appeal brief that was full of frivolous and malicious lies.” (Id. at 39;
see id. at 27).
-9-
J-S29031-20
However, other than alluding to the ineffectiveness prongs in his
heading for this issue and to the prejudice prong in his claim about trial
counsel’s cross-examination of a witness, (see Usanga’s Brief, at 37, 40), he
utterly fails to plead any of the ineffective assistance of counsel prongs. (See
id. at 37-41). Instead, he merely lists each allegation of error without framing
them as ineffective assistance of counsel claims.7 Hence, Usanga has failed
to meet his burden to plead and prove any of the three ineffectiveness prongs
and he is due no relief.8 See Fears, supra at 804.
For all of these reasons, we affirm the PCRA court’s order dismissing
Usanga’s PCRA petition.
Order affirmed.
Judge Nichols did not participate in the consideration or decision of this
case.
____________________________________________
7 Moreover, we observe that Usanga does not provide any references to the
record or pertinent citations to authority or discussion thereof to enable our
review. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a)-(d); Cannavo, supra at 1289; Hardy, supra
at 771.
8 We observe that Usanga is proceeding pro se. However, “[a]lthough this
Court is willing to liberally construe materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se
status confers no special benefit upon [him]. To the contrary, any person
choosing to represent himself in a legal proceeding must, to a reasonable
extent, assume that his lack of expertise and legal training will be his
undoing.” Commonwealth v. Vurimindi, 200 A.3d 1031, 1037 (Pa. Super.
2018), appeal denied, 217 A.3d 793 (Pa. 2019), cert. denied, 140 S. Ct. 1147(2020) (citation omitted).
- 10 -
J-S29031-20
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/13/20
- 11 -