T.A. v. J.D., p/k/a J.G.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
T.A. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
J.D., P/K/A J.G. :
:
Appellant : No. 296 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Order Entered January 24, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Civil Division at No(s):
2018-FC-183-03
*****
T.A. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
J.D. :
:
Appellant : No. 297 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Order Entered January 24, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Civil Division at No(s):
2018-FC-183-03
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., DUBOW, J., and KING, J.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED JULY 27, 2020
J.D., p/k/a J.G., (Mother) appeals from the order, entered in the Court
of Common Pleas of York County, denying her petition for relocation and
granting T.A. (Father) primary custody of the parties’ child, C.A. (born
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3/2015). Mother also appeals from the order finding her in contempt.1 After
our review, we affirm.
Mother and Father resided in York, Pennsylvania, when C.A. was born.
The parties ended their relationship in December 2017. On February 26,
2018, the parties entered into a stipulated custody agreement, which provided
for shared legal and physical custody of C.A.
In July 2018, Mother married and moved to Danville, Pennsylvania, to
reside with her new husband. N.T. Custody, Contempt and Relocation
Hearing, 1/19/2020, at 35. In April 2019, Mother and her husband moved to
Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania.2 Id. Mother did not provide statutory notice of
relocation to Father prior to either of these moves. Id. at 41. See 23 Pa.C.S.
§ 5337(c) (outlining notice requirements for relocation in child custody
matters).
On September 4, 2019, Father filed a petition for special relief, raising
the issue of Mother’s relocation and seeking relief due to Mother’s violation of
the parties’ custody agreement. The court held a hearing on this petition on
October 18, 2019, after which the court entered an order continuing the
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1 Mother filed two notices of appeal from the same order and same family
court docket number, one from the custody determination and one from the
contempt determination. These consecutively listed appeals involve identical
parties and they emerged from the same hearing. Thus, we have consolidated
the cases sua sponte for ease of disposition. See Pa.R.A.P. 513.
2 Both Bloomsburg and Danville are approximately a two-hour drive from York.
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matter, setting a new custody schedule, and requiring Father’s custody be
supervised.3
On December 5, 2019 and January 22, 2020, the court held hearings on
Father’s petition for contempt and Mother’s petition for relocation. Mother and
Father both testified, as did Mother’s husband, Mother’s mother-in-law,
Father’s mother, CYF caseworker Kala Ciletti, and Detective John Bumsted,
who investigated the abuse report with respect to C.A.’s broken collarbone.
See n.3, supra.
On January 24, 2020, after considering the testimony and statutory
custody and relocation factors, see 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 5238, 5337, the court
entered an order awarding Mother and Father shared legal custody, awarding
Father primary physical custody and Mother partial physical custody during
the school year, and awarding the parties shared physical custody during the
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3 C.A. suffered a broken collarbone while in Father’s custody, apparently from
falling out of bed. Additionally, York County Children, Youth and Families
(CYF) received a referral regarding “pornographic pictures that supposedly
may have been taken by an eight-year-old half[-]sibling and that the
caseworker talked to [F]ather about the photos and appropriate supervision
for C.A. and her being able to access an iPad that had those on [it].” N.T.
Custody, Contempt and Relocation Hearing, 1/22/20, at 9-17. A Childline
report of abuse was determined to be unfounded. Id. at 17. See also N.T.
Contempt and Relocation Hearing, 12/5/19, at 17. In fact, Mother testified
Father had told her about the pictures he had found. N.T. Custody, Contempt
and Relocation Hearing, 1/22/20, supra at 44. The trial court, noting on the
record that there was no medical evidence suggesting abuse, id. at 9, stated:
“I am finding as a matter of fact that there was no harm by [F]ather
whatsoever relative to the collarbone or to any pictures that may have been
taken by the eight-year-old[,] so those simply are not issues anymore.” Id.
at 53.
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summer (two weeks with Mother and one week with Father, throughout the
summer). The court denied Mother’s petition for relocation and required the
parties to engage in co-parenting counseling. The court also found Mother in
contempt and ordered her to pay $500 toward Father’s attorneys’ fees and
the first $1,000 toward the cost of co-parenting counseling.
On February 13, 2020, Mother filed two notices of appeal, one from the
contempt order and one from the custody order. Both Mother and the trial
court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Mother raises the following issues
for our review:
1. Did the trial court err by considering relocation despite the
fact that it was undisputed that Mother moved in July 2018,
and the parties had discussed the move and modified the
custody schedule at that time due to the move?
2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion in determining a
drastic change in custody following the court’s own position
and order after the first half-day of trial?
3. Did the trial court err by considering various facts that were
either inaccurate or not supported by the testimony?
Appellant’s Brief, at 4.
In her first issue, Mother claims the court erred in considering the
relocation issue because Father was aware of Mother’s move and she believed
they “had reached an agreement.” Appellant’s Brief, at 20. She argues that
Father’s failure to object rendered the relocation issue moot. Mother refers to
the trial court’s statement in its order, which reads:
The [c]ourt was very candid in saying at first [it] was inclined to
perhaps approve [M]other’s relocation because a year and two
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months went by that [F]ather did not protest the relocation, and,
therefore, the [c]ourt at the beginning of this case surmised that
[F]ather had slept on his rights to do so. However, the [c]ourt
heard credible testimony from [F]ather that [M]other did not
always keep him apprised of where she resided until sometime in
2019. I don’t recall the exact month, but sometime in the year
2019 [F]ather still assumed [M]other lived in Lancaster. Father’s
reasons and motivations for opposing a relocation we find to be
good. Mother’s reasons and motivations for seeking the relocation
benefits her, but not [C.A.]. And, also, she moved without getting
permission. All of that weighs against the relocation.
Order, 1/14/2020, at 10.
Section 5337(c) of the Custody Act, which addresses the notice the
party proposing relocation must provide to the non-relocating party, states,
in pertinent part, as follows:
(1) The party proposing the relocation shall notify every other
individual who has custody rights to the child.
(2) Notice, sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, shall
be given no later than:
(i) the 60th day before the date of the proposed relocation;
or
(ii) the tenth day after the date that the individual knows of
the relocation, if:
(A) the individual did not know and could not reasonably
have known of the relocation in sufficient time to comply
with the 60–day notice; and
(B) it is not reasonably possible to delay the date of
relocation so as to comply with the 60–day notice.
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5337(c) (emphasis added). Here, Mother did not file a notice
of relocation before she moved to Danville or before she moved to
Bloomsburg. Mother testified that she moved to Danville on July 19, 2018,
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and “mentioned” her move to Father at “the beginning of July 2018.” N.T.
Contempt and Relocation Hearing, 12/5/19, at 59. Thus, Mother complied
with neither the form nor the time requirement for notice of relocation as set
forth in section 5337(c). Mother acknowledged that the custody order
contained two pages of provisions with respect to relocation requirements,
and she realized that she had misinterpreted the provisions, stating, “I realize
that, now, looking back on it, I had to [provide notice] either way.” Id.
The language in section 5337 is mandatory; it provides no exception for
a claim that the party entitled to notice was “aware of” or had “agreed to” the
move. Further, since Mother did not provide notice, Father was not provided
with a counter-affidavit for objection to the proposed relocation.4 Mother
acknowledged that Father was unaware of her second move, from Danville to
Bloomsburg, until “after the fact.” N.T. Contempt and Relocation Hearing,
12/5/19, at 111. Finally, Mother has acknowledged the mandatory statutory
notice requirement, but in arguing that the trial court erred in considering
relocation, she continues to press this issue on appeal. We find no error. The
trial court properly considered the statutory relocation factors, as well as the
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4 Section 5337(c)(3)(x) provides: “Except as provided by section 5336
(relating to access to records and information), the following information, if
available, must be included with the notice of the proposed relocation: [] A
counter-affidavit as provided under subsection (d)(1) which can be used to
object to the proposed relocation and the modification of a custody order.” 23
Pa.C.S.A. § 5337(c)(3)(x). If the non-relocating party does not file a counter-
affidavit to object to the proposed relocation within thirty (30) days after
receipt of notice, the non-relocating party will be foreclosed from objecting
the relocation. 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5337(c)(3)(xi). Here, the court noted Father
had not “slept on his rights” since he was never given the proper notice.
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statutory custody factors, in reaching its custody decision. See S.S. v. K.F.,
189 A.3d 1093 (Pa. Super. 2018); A.M.S. v. M.R.C., 70 A.3d 830 (Pa. Super.
2013).
Next, Mother argues the custody order was an abuse of discretion.
Specifically, Mother contends that the order was a “drastic change in custody
following the court’s own position and order after the first half-day of trial.”
Appellant’s Brief, at 23. This claim is meritless.
Our standard of review in child custody cases is as follows:
In reviewing a custody order, our scope is of the broadest type
and our standard is abuse of discretion. We must accept findings
of the trial court that are supported by competent evidence of
record, as our role does not include making independent factual
determinations. In addition, with regard to issues of credibility
and weight of the evidence, we must defer to the presiding trial
judge who viewed and assessed the witnesses first-hand.
However, we are not bound by the trial court’s deductions or
inferences from its factual findings. Ultimately, the test is whether
the trial court’s conclusions are unreasonable as shown by the
evidence of record. We may reject the conclusions of the trial
court only if they involve an error of law, or are unreasonable in
light of the sustainable findings of the trial court.
V.B. v. J.E.B., 55 A.3d 1193, 1197 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations omitted).
Furthermore, we are guided by the following principles:
We have stated that the discretion that a trial court employs in
custody matters should be accorded the utmost respect, given the
special nature of the proceeding and the lasting impact the result
will have on the lives of the parties concerned. Indeed, the
knowledge gained by a trial court in observing witnesses in a
custody proceeding cannot adequately be imparted to an appellate
court by a printed record.
The primary concern in any custody case is the best interests of
the child. The best-interests standard, decided on a case-by-case
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basis, considers all factors that legitimately have an effect upon
the child’s physical, intellectual, moral, and spiritual wellbeing.
We must accept the trial court’s findings that are supported by
competent evidence of record, and we defer to the trial court on
issues of credibility and weight of the evidence.
R.L.P. v. R.F.M., 110 A.3d 201, 207-208 (Pa. Super. 2015) (quotations and
citations omitted).
After the first day of trial, the court entered an order maintaining the
status quo pending the completion of trial. At that point, the court had
not heard all the witnesses; in particular, the court had not heard the
testimony of Detective John Bumsted, who investigated the abuse report, and
who had been contacted by Mother’s new husband’s mother.5
Detective Bumsted testified as follows:
I was informed that Children, Youth & Families was involved. . . .
The allegation was that the victim child had a broken collarbone,
or there was an injury to the collarbone. There was also an
allegation that there were some type of photos on an iPad or
something of some sort. . . . Regarding the broken collarbone I
reached out to – at that time the child was living with [M]other in
the Bloomsburg area, so I contacted the children’s advocacy
center [CAC] in that region. I scheduled an interview through the
Bloomsburg Police Department. The child was interviewed up
there. Then I received a recorded interview of that. . . . [T]he
written report that I received from the CAC, was that there was
no disclosure of abuse. . . . [I] followed up, I requested the
medical records from the child’s visit to OSS, I believe. Doctor
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5 Detective Bumsted did not know at the time of the investigation that this
concern about the unfounded determination was from Mother’s new husband’s
mother. See N.T. Custody, Contempt and Relocation Hearing, 1/22/20, at 9
(“Q: And did you know that was the new mother-in-law? A: At that time,
no.”). Notably, the new mother-in-law’s report to Detective Bumsted stated,
in an email: “I am writing this email to make you aware I am very concerned
regarding the unfounded result of your investigation of [Father].” Id. at 11.
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Bixler was the physician. I then placed a phone call to him. . . .
I had a brief conversation with Doctor Bixler regarding the injuries.
I asked him if he suspected any abuse. He stated no. . . . After
discussing this case and this matter with the district attorney’s
office in York County the decision was made to make the case
unfounded and inactive. I explained [this] to [M]other. I
explained to [the mother-in-law] that the case is inactive at this
time[.] It lacked sufficient evidence to proceed criminally.
N.T. Custody, Contempt and Relocation Hearing, 1/22/20, at 4-8, 15. The
court also confirmed that Dr. Bixler’s medical records had been submitted at
the prior hearing. Id. at 8.
Here, following the two-day hearing, the trial court set forth a full and
contemporaneous analysis of each of the section 5337 relocation factors and
each of the section 5328 custody factors, including discussion of the credible
evidence introduced by the parties and articulation of its reasons for deciding
if a factor favored Mother or Father, or if it was neutral and favored neither
party. See Trial Court Opinion, 3/13/20, at 3-11. See also 23 Pa.C.S.A. §
5323(d) (court shall delineate reasons for decision on record in open court or
in written opinion or order). Mother’s argument, that the court’s order is an
abuse of discretion because it varied considerably from the order maintaining
the status quo pending the second day of trial, suggests that the court should
have ignored the full record. This claim is baseless. The court found Father’s
testimony credible, and after weighing the various factors, the court entered
an order it believed was in C.A.’s best interests. The court’s determination is
supported by competent evidence of record. R.L.P., supra. We find no error
or abuse of discretion. V.B., supra.
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In her appeal from the contempt order, Mother raises one issue:
“Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion by finding Mother
in contempt despite the fact that no evidence of intent to violate the order
was presented.” Appellant’s Brief, at 4.
As with child custody orders in general, we review a custody contempt
order pursuant to an abuse of discretion standard of review. Garr v. Peters,
773 A.2d 183, 189 (Pa. Super. 2001). To support a finding of civil contempt,
the trial court must determine “(1) that the contemnor had notice of the
specific order or decree which she is alleged to have disobeyed; (2) that the
act constituting the contemnor’s violation was volitional; and (3) that the
contemnor acted with wrongful intent.” Harcar v. Harcar, 982 A.2d 1230,
1235 (Pa. Super. 2009). See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5323(g).6
Mother argues there was no evidence of intent to support the court’s
finding of contempt. In her testimony, Mother acknowledged that she
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6 Section 5323(g) provides:
(g) Contempt for noncompliance with any custody order.—
(1) A party who willfully fails to comply with any custody order
may, as prescribed by general rule, be adjudged in
contempt. Contempt shall be punishable by any one or more
of the following:
****
(v) Counsel fees and costs.
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5323(g)(1)(v).
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neglected to inform Father that C.A. was attending counseling, that she had
enrolled C.A. in a Head Start program in the Bloomsburg area, and that she
had enrolled C.A. in speech therapy. N.T. Custody, Contempt and Relocation
Hearing, 1/22/20, at 41-42; N.T. Contempt and Relocation Hearing, 12/5/19,
at 78. The court found Mother in contempt of the parties’ February 26, 2018
stipulated custody agreement to share legal custody of C.A., and stated the
following on the record:
[W]e find [M]other in contempt on three counts. The first count
of [M]other’s contempt is her entering [C.A.] into counseling
without notifying [F]ather. The second count is [M]other enrolling
[C.A.] in [H]ead [S]tart without notifying [F]ather. The third
count is [M]other entering the [C.A.] into speech therapy without
notifying [F]ather.
N.T. Custody, Contempt and Relocation Hearing, 1/22/20, at 107.7
As detailed above, the record supports the trial court’s findings of
contempt. It is undisputed that Mother was subject to the stipulated custody
order and was aware that it specified that she and Father shared legal custody.
See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5322(a) (defining “Legal custody” as “the right to make
major decisions on behalf of the child, including, but not limited to, medical,
religious and educational decisions.”). As such, Mother was required to inform
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7 In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court misunderstood Mother’s claim in
her Rule 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on appeal, and responded
to this claim in terms of Mother’s failure to comply with relocation notice
requirements. Mother’s Rule 1925(b) did not specify whether her claim
referred to custody or relocation. Nonetheless, and as noted above, the court
specifically determined on the record that Mother was in contempt of the
custody order.
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Father about enrolling C.A. in counseling, speech therapy, and the Head Start
program, and yet she proceeded to make unilateral decisions affecting C.A.’s
education and welfare. Mother’s intent can be inferred from her actions. The
record supports the court’s finding of contempt. We find no abuse of
discretion. Garr, supra.
Based on the foregoing, we conclude the trial court did not commit an
error of law or an abuse of discretion. Therefore, we affirm the court’s January
24, 2020 order.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 07/27/2020
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