Com. v. Deaugustine, D.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DANIEL M. DEAUGUSTINE :
:
Appellant : No. 1486 WDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 7, 2019,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-65-CR-0003637-2015.
BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED JULY 31, 2020
Daniel M. DeAugustine appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed
following his conviction of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse (victim less
than sixteen years of age), aggravated indecent assault without consent,
indecent assault without consent (victim less than sixteen years of age), and
unlawful contact with a minor.1 We affirm.
The instant appeal arises out of an investigation regarding allegations
of sexual assault by DeAugustine on his minor female neighbor (hereinafter
“the victim”). In 2015, as a result of the investigation, DeAugustine was
charged with the above-described offenses. In 2016, DeAugustine filed a
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3123(a)(7); 3126(a)(1), (a)(8); 6318(a)(1).
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motion to dismiss the charges pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600. The trial court
denied the motion. In 2018, the matter proceeded to trial, but ended in a
mistrial. However, a second trial took place in 2019.
At the second trial, the victim testified that in April of 2015, she lived in
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, with her mother, stepfather and three brothers.
Their residence was located diagonally to DeAugustine’s residence, where he
resided with his wife and children. The victim became friends with
DeAugustine’s daughter, “A.” The girls would play out in a field by their
houses.
The first time that the victim went over to DeAugustine’s residence was
approximately April 11, 2015, when the victim was 15 years old. On that
date, while the victim was waiting outside of DeAugustine’s residence for A.
to come back outside, DeAugustine asked the victim to sit next to him on a
bench on the back porch. DeAugustine then handed the victim a drink that
contained alcohol, moved closer to her, lifted her onto his lap and asked her
“do you want me to show you the ropes course.” N.T. Trial, 2/4/19, at 82.
The victim said something joking around to try to change the subject and
jumped off of the DeAugustine’s lap “real quick” because she did not want to
be there. Id. at 83.
The victim explained that she then went into DeAugustine’s residence
to help A. with the laundry and to be near her. DeAugustine followed the girls
into the house and went into the kitchen which was adjacent to the living room
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where the girls were folding laundry. At some point, A. went downstairs to
the basement. The victim tried to go with her, but DeAugustine held her back,
pulled her over to him and forcefully kissed her. The victim tried to push him
away, but DeAugustine only released her when A. came back upstairs. The
victim then testified that she and A. went downstairs to the basement to see
A.’s pets. DeAugustine followed the girls down to the basement. DeAugustine
then told A. to go back upstairs to get something. The victim tried to follow
A. up the stairs, but DeAugustine grabbed her by the arm and pulled her back
down the steps. The victim testified that DeAugustine forced her to stand in
one spot, pulled down her pants and used his tongue on her genitals. The
victim stated she tried to push DeAugustine away, but wasn’t able to do so.
A. then started to come back downstairs and DeAugustine stopped touching
the victim. The victim stated that she just tried to act normal upon seeing A.
The victim indicated that A. did not see what was happening nor did she tell
A. what had happened. The victim then left DeAugustine’s residence.
The victim further testified that right after her sixteenth birthday, on
approximately April 23 or 24, 2015, A. asked her to have a sleepover. After
expressing reluctance, the victim agreed to sleep over at DeAugustine’s
residence believing that A.’s mother, DeAugustine’s wife, would also be
present. However, DeAugustine’s wife was not at the residence during the
sleepover. The victim testified that during the evening DeAugustine gave her
a drink that contained alcohol and pop. The victim stated nothing else
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happened with DeAugustine until the next morning. She testified that in the
morning when she was trying to get some food, DeAugustine pulled her into
a side room and started touching her and kissing her again. At some point,
DeAugustine let her go, and she went with A. and they began putting on
makeup. After the girls put on makeup, they ran around the neighborhood,
showing their work. They came back to DeAugustine’s house to wash off. The
victim explained that A. was in the basement bathroom washing up and she
went to the upstairs bathroom to do the same. The victim stated that she
tried to lock the bathroom door behind her, but DeAugustine pulled the door
open. DeAugustine entered the bathroom with the victim and put his fingers
in her vagina. The victim indicated that she pushed away from DeAugustine
and tried to get way, and DeAugustine eventually stopped when A. came
upstairs. The victim testified she then got dressed and left DeAugustine’s
residence. The only person that the victim told about the sexual abuse by
DeAugustine was her friend, Kyle Cordova. The victim later reported the
sexual abuse to a doctor after she passed out one evening and was taken to
Children’s Hospital in Pittsburgh. The victim indicated that at no time during
the events with DeAugustine did she consent to him touching her.
After the victim’s cross examination, the jury exited the courtroom and
proceeded to the jury room down the hallway. As the jury was leaving the
courtroom, the victim had an emotional outburst. Defense counsel moved for
a mistrial. The trial court denied the motion, but expeditiously directed the
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Commonwealth to move the victim in order the shield the jury. When the trial
reconvened, the trial court provided a curative instruction to the jury
admonishing them not to permit any sympathy that they may feel for any
witness or for the victim to divert them from their sworn duty to view all of
the evidence fairly and impartially when deliberating on their verdict.
On February 6, 2019, the jury convicted DeAugustine on all charges.
On May 7, 2019, the trial court sentenced DeAugustine to an aggregate prison
term of four to eight years followed by two years of probation. DeAugustine
filed a timely post-sentence motion which the trial court denied. This timely
appeal followed. Both DeAugustine and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P.
1925.
DeAugustine raises the following issues for our review:
1. The court erred in not granting a mistrial following the victim’s
loud and emotional outburst as the jury was exiting the
courtroom immediately after her testimony.
2. [DeAugustine] was denied his right to a speedy trial as assured
by both the Pennsylvania and United States Constitution as well
as the Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure Rule 600.
3. The court erred by determining that the verdict was not against
the weight of the evidence.
DeAugustine’s Brief at 5 (unnecessary capitalization and references to the
record omitted).
In his first issue, DeAugustine contends that the trial court erred in not
granting a mistrial following the victim’s outburst as the jury was exiting the
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courtroom immediately after her testimony. The following standards govern
our review of the denial of a motion for mistrial:
In criminal trials, declaration of a mistrial serves to eliminate
the negative effect wrought upon a defendant when prejudicial
elements are injected into the case or otherwise discovered at
trial. By nullifying the tainted process of the former trial and
allowing a new trial to convene, declaration of a mistrial serves
not only the defendant’s interest but, equally important, the
public’s interest in fair trials designed to end in just judgments.
Accordingly, the trial court is vested with discretion to grant a
mistrial whenever the alleged prejudicial event may reasonably be
said to deprive the defendant of a fair and impartial trial. In
making its determination, the court must discern whether
misconduct or prejudicial error actually occurred, and if so, . . .
assess the degree of any resulting prejudice. Our review of the
resulting order is constrained to determining whether the court
abused its discretion. Judicial discretion requires action in
conformity with [the] law on facts and circumstances before the
trial court after hearing and consideration. Consequently, the
court abuses its discretion if, in resolving the issue for decision, it
misapplies the law or exercises its discretion in a manner lacking
reason.
Commonwealth v. Jaynes, 135 A.3d 606, 614-15 (Pa. Super. 2016).
Further, “[w]hether and to what extent relief is due from an incident
such as an emotional outburst in the courtroom is within the discretion of the
trial court, and unless the unavoidable effect of the incident is to deny the
defendant a fair trial, there is no error.” Commonwealth v. Bracey, 342,
662 A.2d 1062, 1072 (Pa. 1995) (finding no basis upon which to conclude that
the unavoidable effect of certain minor courtroom occurrences, including the
victim’s stepmother crying softly or the victim’s father having emotional
difficulty while testifying, was to deny appellant a fair trial).
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DeAugustine argues that the victim was the sole witness for the
Commonwealth, and it was the factfinder’s burden to determine her credibility
and believability regarding the allegations. According to DeAugustine, her
outburst was not brief nor did it consist of merely sobbing and a little bit of
moaning, but rather included sounds of vomiting, crying, moaning, and other
emotions that continued for at least a minute or two as the jury left the
courtroom and continued out in the hallway. DeAugustine maintains that the
jurors then sat in the jury room for twenty-eight minutes after witnessing this
outburst. DeAugustine asserts that the unavoidable effect of the victim’s
outburst was to deny DeAugustine a fair trial. DeAugustine concedes that the
trial court did provide a curative instruction to the jury. However,
DeAugustine claims that, under the circumstances of the present case, he
could not receive a fair trial even with the curative instruction.
The trial court determined that DeAugustine’s motion for mistrial was
properly denied. It reasoned that “the jury’s momentary exposure to [the
victim’s] outburst did not have an unavoidable effect of depriving . . .
DeAugustine of a fair and impartial trial, and any prejudice to . . . DeAugustine
was effectively cured by the court’s cautionary instruction which occurred
immediately after the proceedings reconvened.” Trial Court Opinion, 9/25/19,
at 7. The cautionary instruction by the trial court provided as follows:
So before you took your recess or as you were walking back to
the jury room, I’m sure it was obvious to some of you that the
witness who had testified before you left the courtroom had sort
of an emotional reaction I’ll call it. Just her behavior was a little
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unusual. And if you’ll recall what I told you yesterday during my
opening instruction was that you should not permit any sympathy
that you feel for any of the witnesses or for the victim or for the
defendant to divert you from your sworn duty to consider all of
the evidence fairly and impartially when deliberating upon your
verdict. I have to remind you and very strictly caution you that
you need to follow that instruction that I gave yesterday with
regard to that emotional outburst. So what I’m also going to do
is I’m going to direct that you not consider that outburst as any
evidence of any fact that the Commonwealth has presented with
regard to the witness’s testimony. All right?
N.T. Trial, 2/4-6/19, at 169.
We discern no abuse of discretion by the trial court in denying the
request for a mistrial. DeAugustine has not convinced us that the victim’s
momentary emotional outburst deprived him of a fair and impartial trial, or
that the jury in any way disregarded the trial court’s cautionary instruction.
See Commonwealth v. McCrae, 832 A.2d 1026, 1034 (Pa. 2003) (noting
that the jury is presumed to have followed the instructions of the trial court).
Accordingly, no relief is due on DeAugustine’s first issue.
In his second issue, DeAugustine superficially argues that the trial court
erred in denying his Rule 600 motion.2 However, he makes no specific
arguments regarding the progression and timing of his case. DeAugustine
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2 Rule 600 provides for dismissal of charges only in cases in which the
defendant has not been brought to trial within the term of the adjusted run
date, after subtracting all excludable and excusable time. See
Commonwealth v. Moore, 214 A.3d 244, 248-49 (Pa. Super. 2019). The
adjusted run date is calculated by adding to the mechanical run date, i.e., the
date 365 days from the complaint, both excludable time and excusable delay.
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does not reference any purported delays and fails to identify any alleged Rule
600 violation by the Commonwealth. Finally, DeAugustine provides no
citations to the transcript of the Rule 600 hearing, and fails to identify any
specific Rule 600 ruling by the trial court which he seeks to challenge. See
Commonwealth v. Robbins, 900 A.2d 413, 415 (Pa. Super. 2006) (holding
that our scope of review of a Rule 600 ruling is limited to the evidence on the
record of the Rule 600 evidentiary hearing and the findings of the trial court).
Accordingly, we deem DeAugustine’s second issue waived on appeal. See
Commonwealth v. Heggins, 809 A,2d 908, 912 n.2 (Pa.Super. 2002)
(holding that an issue identified on appeal but not developed in appellant’s
brief is abandoned and therefore waived).
In his third issue, DeAugustine contends that the trial court erred in
rejecting his claim that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence.
The following legal principles apply when a challenge to the weight of the
evidence supporting a conviction is presented to the trial court:
A motion for new trial on the grounds that the verdict is
contrary to the weight of the evidence, concedes that there is
sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict. Thus, the trial court is
under no obligation to view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict winner. An allegation that the verdict is
against the weight of the evidence is addressed to the discretion
of the trial court. A new trial should not be granted because of a
mere conflict in the testimony or because the judge on the same
facts would have arrived at a different conclusion. A trial judge
must do more than reassess the credibility of the witnesses and
allege that he would not have assented to the verdict if he were a
juror. Trial judges, in reviewing a claim that the verdict is against
the weight of the evidence do not sit as the thirteenth juror.
Rather, the role of the trial judge is to determine that
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notwithstanding all the facts, certain facts are so clearly of greater
weight that to ignore them or to give them equal weight with all
the facts is to deny justice.
Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745, 751-52 (Pa. 2000) (citations,
footnotes and quotation marks omitted, emphasis added).
An appellate court’s standard of review when presented with a weight
of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard of review applied by the
trial court:
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the exercise
of discretion, not of the underlying question of whether the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence. Because the trial judge has
had the opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented, an
appellate court will give the gravest consideration to the findings
and reasons advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial
court’s determination that the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. One of the least assailable reasons for granting or
denying a new trial is the lower court’s conviction that the verdict
was or was not against the weight of the evidence and that a new
trial should be granted in the interest of justice.
Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1054-55 (Pa. 2013) (emphasis in
original, internal citations omitted). The finder of fact is the exclusive judge
of the weight of the evidence as the fact finder is free to believe all, part, or
none of the evidence presented and determines the credibility of the
witnesses. Commonwealth v. Boyd, 73 A.3d 1269, 1274 (Pa.Super. 2013)
(en banc). Therefore, we will reverse a verdict and grant a new trial only
where the verdict is so contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s sense of
justice. Id.- 10 -
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DeAugustine contends that the jury assigned greater weight to the
victim’s emotional outburst than to any of the discrepancies regarding her
prior statements and testimony. DeAugustine claims that the jury ignored all
of the contradictions in the victim’s statements.
The trial court considered DeAugustine’s weight challenge and
determined that a new trial was not warranted. It reasoned as follows:
Based upon this court’s review of the entire record, this
court does not find that the jury’s verdict is inconsistent or so
contrary to the evidence as to shock this court’s sense of justice.
The jury was certainly capable of determining whether to believe
all, part, or none of the evidence with respect to whether the
Commonwealth met its burden at each count and to determine
the credibility of each witness.
In the present case, [the victim’s] testimony revealed a
detailed account of sexual assaults that were alleged to have been
committed against her by . . . DeAugustine. Despite
inconsistencies, the court finds that [the victim’s] testimony alone
provided sufficient evidence to establish the crimes, with which .
. . DeAugustine was convicted, beyond a reasonable doubt. The
court finds that a lack of corroboration is immaterial to the specific
offenses charged because the jurors appeared to believe [the
victim’s] testimony. The jury was certainly capable of determining
the credibility of the witnesses and determining what evidence to
believe. As such, the court finds that all of the evidence presented
to the jury was in support of the verdict rendered.
Trial Court Opinion, 9/25/19, at 5-6 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).
We discern no abuse of discretion by the trial court in rejecting
DeAugustine’s weight challenge. Further, giving the gravest consideration to
the findings and reasons advanced by the trial judge, as we must, we conclude
that DeAugustine’s final issue warrants no relief.
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Having concluded that none of DeAugustine’s issues entitles him to
relief, we affirm his judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/31/2020
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