Feingold, A. v. McCormick & Priore

J-A15012-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
ALLEN FEINGOLD : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant :
:
v. :
:
MCCORMICK & PRIORE PC, PETER :
KULP, SCOTT TREDWELL, ERIE :
INSURANCE EXCHANGE, GENE :
SALKIND, IMX MEDICAL :
MANAGEMENT, AND JOSEPH :
BERNSTEIN :
:
Appellees : No. 3273 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Order Entered November 4, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Civil Division at No(s): No. 190800208
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KING, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.: FILED AUGUST 14, 2020
Appellant, Allen Feingold, appeals from the order entered in the
Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, sustaining the preliminary objections
filed by Appellees, McCormick & Priore PC (“McCormick”), Peter Kulp, Scott
Tredwell, and Erie Insurance Exchange (“Erie”), and dismissing Appellant’s
complaint as to all Appellees with prejudice. We affirm.
In its opinion, the trial court summarized the relevant facts of this case
as follows:
[Appellant] filed a [pro se] complaint with the Philadelphia
Court of Common Pleas on August 6, 2019. The complaint
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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arises out of two motor vehicle accidents involving Ms. Hilda
Cid occurring in May 2005 and March 2006 (hereinafter “the
accidents”), respectively.1 [Appellant’s] connection to the
underlying matters stems from his prior legal
representations as Ms. Cid’s lawyer. On October 8, 2018,
[Appellant] allegedly executed an agreement with Ms. Cid.
The agreement assigned any and all claims relating to the
accidents to [Appellant] in exchange for previous legal
representation. [Appellant] is currently disbarred from
practicing law in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.2
1 Ms. Cid is involved in multiple cases arising out of
the accidents. One case is currently in deferred status
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
… while another is a still active case in the Court of
Common Pleas of Montgomery County…. Ms. Cid and
[Appellant] are involved in both cases. Like the
instant matter, the underlying claims relate to Ms.
Cid’s alleged causes of action against her insurance
carrier … at the time of the motor vehicle accident.
The instant matter contains claims which are identical
to those found in the other two matters. Also, in
[Appellant’s] answers to the preliminary objections
filed by [McCormick], the majority of [Appellant’s]
responses relate to actions taken in the underlying
lawsuits….
2 [Appellant] was disbarred from the practice of law in
Pennsylvania on August 22, 2008. Not only was
[Appellant] disbarred in 2008, [Appellant] was also
given a three year suspension on March 3, 2006 and
a subsequent two year suspension consecutive to the
March 3 suspension on August 22, 2006. This
indicates [Appellant] was not allowed to practice law
in Pennsylvania at any time following Ms. Cid’s second
motor vehicle accident.
[Appellant] filed the instant complaint against [Appellees].
[Erie] was Ms. Cid’s insurance carrier at the time of the
accidents, as well as a defendant in other lawsuits involving
Ms. Cid arising out of the accidents. [McCormick]
represented [Erie] in those lawsuits. [Appellees Bernstein
and Salkind] are expert witnesses used by [McCormick] in
the other lawsuits. IMX Medical Management is a company
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who manages and coordinates independent medical
examinations and evaluations. IMX Medical Management
assert they were never involved in any independent medical
examinations or any other actions with Ms. Cid relating to
the accidents.
[Appellant’s] complaint alleges several causes of action:
breach of contract, negligent misrepresentation, abuse of
process, fraud, defamation, infliction of emotional distress,
bad faith, and multiple unnamed claims. On August 26,
2019, [McCormick] and [Erie] jointly filed preliminary
objections to the complaint. On September 4, 2019,
[Appellee] Joseph Bernstein filed preliminary objections to
the complaint. On November 4, 2019, [the trial] court
entered an order sustaining all preliminary objections and
dismissing the complaint as to all [Appellees] on the
grounds [Appellant] lacked capacity to sue any of
[Appellees]. As a result, [the trial] court did not address
any other issues raised in [Appellees’] preliminary
objections.
(Trial Court Opinion, filed December 26, 2019, at 1-3) (internal citations and
some capitalization omitted).
Appellant filed a notice of appeal on November 12, 2019.1 On November
15, 2019, the court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal. Appellant timely filed his Rule
1925(b) statement on December 4, 2019.
Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
Whether the trial court erred in [sustaining] the preliminary
objections of [Appellees] and dismissing the complaint with
prejudice?
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1 Although Appellant proceeded pro se in the trial court, current counsel filed
the notice of appeal and entered his appearance with this Court.
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Whether the trial judge abused his discretion by engaging
in prejudicial conduct towards [Appellant] and his former
clients?
Whether the trial court erred in dismissing [Appellant’s]
complaint where the judge overruled the decisions of a
judge of coordinate jurisdiction?
(Appellant’s Brief at 3).
In his first issue, Appellant emphasizes that Appellees “improperly urge
the dismissal of this case based upon the affirmative defense of collateral
estoppel.” (Id. at 8). Appellant insists collateral estoppel is unavailable to
Appellees because, inter alia, “the previous proceedings related to this matter
… did not involve any consideration as to whether [Appellant] might, via an
assignment, viably pursue complaints against [Appellees] relating to their
participation in a conspiracy and withholding of evidence in a separate action.”
(Id. at 9). Appellant maintains his complaint contained valid causes of action
for civil conspiracy, fraud, infliction of emotional distress, and abuse of
process, and the court should have denied any demurrer to these claims.
Further, Appellant contends he has standing to file the complaint
because he “has advanced costs, his time and fees in connection with the
uninsured/underinsured motorist claims and numerous other matters and has,
at a minimum, a quantum meruit claim for the value of the legal services he
provided.” (Id. at 20). Appellant baldly asserts “[t]his financial stake
provides an adequate ‘interest’ to confer standing upon [Appellant] to seek
redress by means of the present lawsuit.” (Id.) Moreover, Appellant argues
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his “claim to intervention is further secured by virtue of” Ms. Cid’s assignment
of her bad faith claim, which was “freely assignable.” (Id.) Based upon the
foregoing, Appellant concludes the trial court should not have dismissed his
complaint with prejudice. We disagree.
We begin by noting our scope and standard of review for an order
sustaining preliminary objections:
Our standard of review mandates that on an appeal from an
order sustaining preliminary objections which would result
in the dismissal of suit, we accept as true all well-pleaded
material facts set forth in the [a]ppellant’s complaint and all
reasonable inferences which may be drawn from those facts.
This standard is equally applicable to our review of
preliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer. Where,
as here, upholding sustained preliminary objections would
result in the dismissal of an action, we may do so only in
cases that are clear and free from doubt. To be clear and
free from doubt that dismissal is appropriate, it must appear
with certainty that the law would not permit recovery by the
plaintiff upon the facts averred. Any doubt should be
resolved by a refusal to sustain the objections. We review
for merit and correctness—that is to say, for an abuse of
discretion or an error of law. This case was dismissed at the
preliminary objections stage on issues of law; our scope of
review is thus plenary.
Marks v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 762 A.2d 1098, 1099 (Pa.Super. 2000),
appeal denied, 567 Pa. 751, 788 A.2d 381 (2001) (quoting Donahue v.
Federal Exp. Corp., 753 A.2d 238, 241 (Pa.Super. 2000)).
“[I]n Pennsylvania, a party seeking judicial resolution of a controversy
‘must establish as a threshold matter that he has standing to maintain the
action.’” In re Walker, 208 A.3d 472, 475 (Pa.Super. 2019), appeal denied,
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___ Pa. ___, 218 A.3d 856 (2019) (quoting Johnson v. American Standard,
607 Pa. 492, 510, 8 A.3d 318, 329 (2010)).
[T]he doctrine of standing is a prudential, judicially[-
]created principle designed to winnow out litigants who have
no direct interest in a judicial matter. For standing to exist,
the underlying controversy must be real and concrete, such
that the party initiating the legal action has, in fact, been
“aggrieved.” The core concept of standing is that a person
who is not adversely affected in any way by the matter he
seeks to challenge is not “aggrieved” thereby and has no
standing to obtain a judicial resolution to his challenge. A
party is aggrieved for purposes of establishing standing
when the party has a substantial, direct and immediate
interest in the outcome of litigation. A party’s interest is
substantial when it surpasses the interest of all citizens in
procuring obedience to the law; it is direct when the
asserted violation shares a causal connection with the
alleged harm; finally, a party’s interest is immediate when
the causal connection with the alleged harm is neither
remote nor speculative.
In re Nadzam, 203 A.3d 215, 220-21 (Pa.Super. 2019) (quoting Rellick-
Smith v. Rellick, 147 A.3d 897, 901 (Pa.Super. 2016)) (emphasis omitted).
“An assignment is a transfer of property or a right from one person to
another; unless qualified, it extinguishes the assignor’s right to performance
by the obligor and transfers that right to the assignee.” Crawford Cent.
School Dist. v. Com., 585 Pa. 131, 136, 888 A.2d 616, 619 (2005). “[U]nder
Pennsylvania state law, an unliquidated personal injury tort claim is not a
property right and is not assignable.” Chiropractic Nutritional Associates,
Inc. v. Empire Blue Cross and Blue Shield, 669 A.2d 975, 983 (Pa.Super.
1995).
[W]e do not permit the assignment of a cause of action to
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recover for personal injuries. … [S]uch assignments are
void, in part, because a personal injury involves rights which
are personal to the individual injured and are considered to
be of concern only to the individual injured.
Hedlund Mfg. Co., Inc. v. Weiser, Stapler & Spivak, 517 Pa. 522, 525-
26, 539 A.2d 357, 358-59 (1988) (internal citations omitted) (emphasis in
original).
Bad faith claims brought under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 8371 “may be assigned
by an insured to an injured plaintiff and judgment creditor….” Allstate
Property and Cas. Ins. Co. v. Wolfe, 629 Pa. 444, 456, 105 A.3d 1181,
1188 (2014). However, the statute “only permits a narrow class of plaintiffs
to pursue the bad faith claim against a narrow class of defendants.” Ash v.
Continental Ins. Co., 593 Pa. 523, 531, 932 A.2d 877, 882 (2007).
[F]or a party to succeed on a statutory claim of bad faith,
that party must fulfill a two-prong test, i.e., [t]o prove bad
faith, a plaintiff must show by clear and convincing evidence
that the insurer (1) did not have a reasonable basis for
denying benefits under the policy and (2) knew or recklessly
disregarded its lack of a reasonable basis in denying the
claim. However, … in order to prove bad faith, a party must
show that the insurer breached its duty of good faith
through some motive of self-interest or ill-will.
Greene v. United Services Auto. Ass’n, 936 A.2d 1178, 1189 (Pa.Super.
2007), appeal denied, 598 Pa. 750, 954 A.2d 577 (2008) (internal citations
and quotation marks omitted).
Instantly, Appellant’s complaint included claims for bad faith and torts
arising out of Ms. Cid’s motor vehicle accidents. The complaint also included
a copy of the assignment, which purportedly transferred Ms. Cid’s claims to
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Appellant. (See Complaint, filed 8/6/19, at Ex. 1). In response, Appellees’
preliminary objections argued that, inter alia, “such an assignment is void
under Pennsylvania law,” and Appellant “has no standing to assert any claims
against any of [Appellees].” (Preliminary Objections, filed 8/26/19, at 5).
The trial court noted the assignment amounted to Appellant’s sole basis
for standing, and it determined that the assignment was invalid:
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of
Pennsylvania, while applying Pennsylvania law, has
previously invalidated similar assignments of non-personal
injury related tort actions, including bad faith claims,
involving [Appellant] and other former clients. Feingold v.
Tesone, et al., 2012 WL 3956662 (E.D.Pa. 2012). In fact,
the … language [in the instant assignment] is identical to
the invalid assignment in Tesone…. See also Feingold v.
Liberty Mut. Group, 847 F. Supp. 2d 772, 777 (E.D.Pa.
2012), aff’d, 562 Fed. Appx. 142 (3d Cir. 2014)
(unpublished) (“A disbarred attorney cannot rely on a
contingent fee agreement to pursue on his own behalf an
unliquidated tort claim of a former client under [Section]
8371. …”).
(Trial Court Opinion at 8).
Here, we cannot say the court erred. See Hedlund, supra (prohibiting
assignment of all tort claims arising from personal injury, and allowing
assignment of negligence and breach of contact claims arising from legal
services only). Additionally, regarding the bad faith claim, our review of the
record leads us to agree with McCormick and Erie’s contention that the
complaint does not include sufficient factual averments regarding how Erie
acted unreasonably and in bad faith. (See Complaint at ¶¶ 91-104). As
Appellees recognize, the complaint contains “either simple reiterations of the
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standard of proving bad faith or bald allegations that the standard has been
breached.” (McCormick and Erie’s Brief at 24). On this record, the court did
not err in sustaining Appellees’ preliminary objections. See In re Nadzam,
supra; Marks, supra.
In his second issue, Appellant argues the trial judge engaged in
prejudicial conduct towards him in this case and others. Specifically, Appellant
contends Appellees did not properly serve McCormick’s preliminary objections.
Appellant avers the trial judge knew Appellant did not have access to the
electronic filing system and ignored Appellant’s requests “that pleadings be
served upon him ‘the old fashioned way.’” (Appellant’s Brief at 22). Appellant
also claims the trial judge “was rude and disrespectful to [Appellant], while
being openly solicitous and friendly with defense counsel.” (Id. at 23).
Appellant concludes this Court should remand the matter and transfer it to an
administrative judge for an evidentiary hearing to examine the trial judge’s
conduct. We disagree.
Regarding the conduct of trial judges, this Court has noted:
The judge occupies an exalted and dignified position; he is
the one person to whom the jury, with rare exceptions,
looks for guidance, and from whom the litigants expect
absolute impartiality. To depart from the clear line of duty
through questions, expressions, or conduct, contravenes
the orderly administration of justice.
DiMonte v. Neumann Medical Center, 751 A.2d 205, 210 (Pa.Super. 2000)
(internal citations omitted).
Instantly, the certified record contains no evidence of questions,
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expressions, or conduct on the part of the trial judge that contravened the
orderly administration of justice. See id. (remanding for evidentiary hearing
where, inter alia, trial judge left bench and participated in phone calls during
trial). At this stage of the proceedings, where we review the complaint and
all reasonable inferences therefrom, Appellant’s self-serving accusations
regarding the trial judge’s demeanor do not warrant relief. See Marks,
supra; DiMonte, supra.
Additionally, Appellant’s grievances about service of the preliminary
objections are unfounded. The record reveals McCormick served Appellant
with preliminary objections by mail on two occasions.
Attached to [Appellees’] preliminary objections is a
certificate of service, indicating [Appellant] was served a
copy by mail to PO Box 60171, Philadelphia PA, 19102. This
is the address filed with the Office of Judicial Records as
[Appellant’s] address as well as the address referenced on
[Appellant’s] own letterhead. On September 4, 2019,
counsel for [McCormick] filed a praecipe to attach an
amended certificate of service. The amended certificate
indicated counsel served [Appellant] a copy of their
preliminary objections, along with all accompanying
memorandum of law and exhibits, for the second time on
September 4, 2019. Yet, [Appellant], in his answer to
preliminary objections, still asserts he was never properly
served.
(Trial Court Opinion at 4-5) (some capitalization omitted).
Appellant listed “PO Box 60171” as his address in the pro se complaint
and accompanying civil coversheet. McCormick accomplished service by
mailing the preliminary objections to Appellant at this address. See Pa.R.C.P.
440(a)(2)(i) (allowing service of legal papers “by mailing a copy to or leaving
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a copy for the party at the address endorsed on an appearance or prior
pleading or the residence or place of business of the party,” if there is no
attorney of record). Consequently, Appellant is not entitled to relief on his
second issue.
In his third issue, Appellant contends Appellees filed summary judgment
motions in one of the parties’ related cases, “seeking nullification of
[Appellant’s] assignment on grounds identical to those advanced in the
present preliminary objections….” (Appellant’s Brief at 26). Appellant claims
a different jurist rejected Appellees’ argument in the related case, and the trial
judge in the instant matter violated the coordinate jurisdiction rule by
sustaining preliminary objections based upon the same theory of relief. On
this basis, Appellant concludes the trial court erred in dismissing his complaint
with prejudice.
Before addressing Appellant’s substantive claim, we must consider
whether Appellant preserved the issue. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii).
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) provides that a judge entering an order
giving rise to a notice of appeal may enter an order directing
the appellant to file of record in the trial court and serve on
the judge a concise statement of the errors complained of
on appeal…. Rule 1925 also states that [i]ssues not included
in the Statement and/or not raised in accordance with the
provisions of this paragraph (b)(4) are waived. In
Commonwealth v. Lord, 553 Pa. 415, 719 A.2d 306
(1998), our Supreme Court held that from this date forward,
in order to preserve their claims for appellate review,
[a]ppellants must comply whenever the trial court orders
them to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal
pursuant to Rule 1925. Any issues not raised in a 1925(b)
statement will be deemed waived. This Court has held that
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[o]ur Supreme Court intended the holding in Lord to
operate as a bright-line rule, such that failure to comply with
the minimal requirements of Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) will result in
automatic waiver of the issues raised.
U.S. Bank, N.A. for Certificateholders of LXS 2007-7N Trust Fund v.
Hua, 193 A.3d 994, 996-97 (Pa.Super. 2018) (internal citations, quotation
marks, and emphasis omitted).
Instantly, Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement preserved the following
claims for appeal:
1) [The trial judge] has been prejudiced to [Appellant]
and/or his former clients for an extended period of time.
2) [The trial judge] has repeatedly gone out of his way to
involve himself in matters in which [Appellant] and/or his
former clients are parties.
3) [The trial judge] improperly [sustained] preliminary
objections, despite the fact that [Appellees] failed and
refused to provide copies of same to [Appellant] for
response.
4) [The trial judge] improperly [sustained] preliminary
objections to one party that [Appellant] possessed
judgment against and to another that had answered the
complaint.
5) The complaint, viewed in the light most favorable to
[Appellant], adequately set forth a factual and legal basis
for relief upon all causes of action alleged therein.
(Rule 1925(b) Statement, filed 12/4/19, at 1-2).
Although the Rule 1925(b) statement generally challenges the trial
court’s dismissal of the complaint, Appellant did not include a specific
averment concerning application of the coordinate jurisdiction rule. As
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Appellant failed to preserve this claim by first raising it in his Rule 1925(b)
statement, we deem the argument waived. See Hua, supra. Accordingly,
we affirm the order sustaining Appellees’ preliminary objections and
dismissing Appellant’s complaint with prejudice.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/14/20
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