Com. v. Diaz, U.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ULYSSES S. DIAZ :
:
Appellant : No. 1357 WDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 12, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-25-CR-0000652-2010
BEFORE: MURRAY, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 01, 2020
Ulysses S. Diaz appeals pro se from the order dismissing his second
petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§
9541-9546. We vacate and remand.
This case stems from Diaz’s 2010 conviction for attempted robbery and
related offenses. After a jury convicted Diaz, the trial court sentenced him to
84 to 168 months’ incarceration on November 12, 2010, and this Court
affirmed the judgment of sentence. Commonwealth v. Diaz, 37 A.3d 1233
(Pa.Super. 2011) (unpublished memorandum). Thereafter, Diaz filed a PCRA
petition and was granted the reinstatement of his right to file a petition of
allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Thus, on May 23,
2013, Diaz filed a counseled petition for allowance of appeal with our Supreme
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Court, which that Court denied on September 17, 2013. Commonwealth v.
Diaz, 74 A.3d 1029 (Pa. 2013). Diaz did not seek review with the United
States Supreme Court.
Diaz filed a first PCRA petition in January 2015, and the PCRA court
appointed counsel, who filed a petition to withdraw and a no-merit letter.
Ultimately, the PCRA court granted counsel’s petition to withdraw and
dismissed Diaz’s petition as untimely. Diaz appealed in January 2017 and we
affirmed. See Commonwealth v. Diaz, 193 WDA 2017 (Pa.Super. filed
October 4, 2017) (unpublished judgment order).
Diaz filed the instant pro se PCRA petition on July 5, 2019. Diaz
contended that his PCRA attorney failed to inform him that this Court had
affirmed the dismissal of his first PCRA petition, and he only learned of this
Court’s ruling in November 2018, after he wrote to this Court to inquire about
his case. He contended that counsel thus deprived him of the opportunity to
seek allowance of appeal in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
The PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of intent to dismiss
Diaz’s petition as untimely, and Diaz filed a timely response. The PCRA court
initially dismissed Diaz’s petition without reference to his response but
ultimately considered the objections and then issued an order re-dismissing
the petition as untimely.
Diaz filed a timely notice of appeal and the PCRA court issued an order
requiring Diaz to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement within 21 days. The order
was entered on September 10, 2019, giving Diaz until October 1, 2019, to file
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a timely statement. The PCRA court issued an order, on October 11, 2019,
concluding Diaz had waived all issues on appeal by failing to file a timely Rule
1925(b) statement.
Diaz raises the following issues:
1. Whether [Diaz] filed with the lower court a timely
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement?
2. Whether [Diaz] provided the lower court with sufficient
evidence to invoke subsection 9545 (b)(1)(ii), i.e., the
newly discovered facts exception under 42 Pa.C.S.A. §[§]
9541-9546, i.e., the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA)
statute?
Diaz’s Br. at 4.
When reviewing the denial or grant of relief under the PCRA, “[w]e must
determine whether the PCRA court’s ruling is supported by the record and free
of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Presley, 193 A.3d 436, 442 (Pa.Super.
2018) (citation omitted).
In his first issue, Diaz contends that the trial court erred by concluding
he failed to file a timely Rule 1925(b) statement. Issues not included in a
court-ordered timely Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement are waived. See Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b)(4)(vii). However, under the prison mailbox rule, courts “deem a pro
se document filed on the date it is placed in the hands of prison authorities for
mailing.” Commonwealth v. Crawford, 17 A.3d 1279, 1281 (Pa.Super.
2011). Further, “while the prisoner mailbox rule uses the term ‘filed,’ the
document must at least be addressed to a proper filing office within the Unified
Judicial System in order to complete the filing.” Id. at 1282.
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Here, the PCRA court’s order required Diaz to file a Rule 1925(b)
statement by October 1, 2019. Diaz gave a Rule 1925(b) statement to prison
authorities for mailing on September 30, 2019, as evidenced by the date on
his statement and the date listed on his Department of Corrections “cash slip.”
Further, the certified record includes the envelope Diaz used to mail his Rule
1925(b) statement, and it was properly addressed to the clerk of courts and
judge’s chambers, but bears a post mark of October 4, 2019. However, the
lower court clerk did not docket Diaz’s Rule 1925(b) statement until October
15, 2019, thus prompting the lower court to incorrectly conclude that Diaz had
not filed a timely Rule 1925(b) statement. We thus agree with Diaz that he
filed a timely Rule 1925(b) statement, pursuant to the prisoner mailbox rule.
See Commonwealth v. Patterson, 931 A.2d 710, 714 (Pa.Super. 2007).
Next, we turn to Diaz’s contention that the trial court erred by dismissing
his PCRA petition as untimely. A petitioner has one year after the judgment of
sentence becomes final to file a PCRA petition. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1).
A judgment of sentence becomes final “at the conclusion of direct review,
including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking
the review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).
When a petitioner files a PCRA petition after that deadline, the petitioner
bears the burden of pleading and proving at least one of the PCRA’s time-bar
exceptions. These exceptions are:
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(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation
of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this
Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United
States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period
provided in this section and has been held by that court to
apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii).
Any petition attempting to invoke these exceptions “shall be filed within
one year of the date the claim could have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9545(b)(2). This deadline increased from 60 days to one year, effective
December 24, 2018. See Act 2018, Oct. 24, P.L. 894, No. 146, § 3. The new,
extended deadline applies to claims arising on or after December 24, 2017.
Id.
In this case, Diaz’s judgment of sentence became final on December 16,
2013, when the time to file a petition for a writ of certiorari with the United
States Supreme Court expired. U.S. Sup. Ct. Rule 13. Therefore, the one-year
deadline expired on December 16, 2014 and the instant petition, which Diaz
filed in July 2019, is facially untimely. Accordingly, the PCRA court lacked
jurisdiction over the instant petition unless Diaz pleaded and proved at least
one of the time-bar exceptions. See Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d
1091, 1093 (Pa. 2010).
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Diaz argues that the newly-discovered fact exception under section
9545(b)(1)(ii) renders his petition timely. Diaz’s Br. at 10-14. He contends
that his PCRA attorney failed to inform him that this Court dismissed his
petition on October 4, 2017. Therefore, Diaz avers that he was deprived of
the opportunity to file a petition for allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court.
Diaz’s argument that his former PCRA counsel effectively abandoned
him constitutes a “newly-discovered fact” under section 9545(b)(1)(ii). See
Commonwealth v. Williamson, 21 A.3d 236, 242 (Pa.Super. 2011) (holding
that “counsel’s failure to file a timely petition for allowance of appeal could be
considered a newly-discovered fact for purposes of section 9545(b)(1)(ii)”).
Further, although this Court has concluded that allegations regarding
the failure of PCRA counsel to file a petition of allowance of appeal with our
Supreme Court fall within the ambit of section 9545(b)(1)(ii), we have also
confirmed that petitioners still must comply with the timeliness requirements
of section 9545(b)(2). Id. Pursuant to the version of section 9545(b)(2) in
effect when Diaz’s claim arose, Diaz had one year in which to raise his newly-
discovered fact claim. His instant petition, filed in July 2019, was within a year
from when Diaz alleges his claim arose in November 2018.
Having concluded that Diaz timely raised the newly-discovered fact
exception, we must still consider whether he meets the requirements of that
exception. Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1274 (Pa. 2007).
The newly-discovered fact exception requires a petitioner to establish that:
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(1) “the facts upon which the claim was predicated were unknown;” and (2)
the facts “could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.”
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii). “[T]he due diligence inquiry is fact-sensitive
and dependent upon the circumstances presented.” Commonwealth v.
Burton, 121 A.3d 1063, 1070 (Pa.Super. 2015) (en banc) (footnote omitted).
“[D]ue diligence requires neither perfect vigilance nor punctilious care, but
rather it requires reasonable efforts by a petitioner, based on the particular
circumstances, to uncover facts that may support a claim for collateral relief.”
Id. at 1071.
Such a determination requires further fact-finding in this case. Bennett,
930 A.2d at 1274. Diaz did not learn that this Court had affirmed the denial
of his PCRA petition, and that his counsel had not filed a petition for allowance
of appeal, until approximately a year and a half after the fact. We cannot say
as a matter of law that his actions did not amount to due diligence under the
circumstances. A year and a half is not such an inordinate time to resolve an
appeal as to render his not asking about the status of his appeal earlier not
duly diligent. Thus, we remand for the PCRA court to conduct an evidentiary
hearing to determine whether Diaz exercised due diligence.
Order vacated. Case remanded for proceedings consistent with this
memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 9/1/2020
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