Com. v. Mullen, C.

J-S22034-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
CHRISTOPHER S. MULLEN :
:
Appellant : No. 1692 MDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered April 2, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-41-CR-0001030-2017
BEFORE: OLSON, J., MURRAY, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED MAY 22, 2020
Appellant, Christopher S. Mullen, appeals from the aggregate judgment
of sentence of six to thirteen years of confinement, which was imposed after
his convictions at a bench trial for: two counts of persons not to possess, use,
manufacture, control, sell or transfer firearms; one count of knowingly or
intentionally possessing a controlled or counterfeit substance; and one count
of use of or possession with intent to use drug paraphernalia.1 We affirm.
The charges arose out of an incident on June 7, 2017, where
parole agents, United States Marshals, and police officers went to
[] Anthony Street[, Williamsport,] based on an anonymous tip that
[Appellant], who was wanted on a warrant for absconding from
parole supervision, was presently living at that location with his
girlfriend or ex-girlfriend and he was in possession of firearms and
controlled substances. . . . The officers and agents went to the
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(a)(1) and 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(16), (32), respectively.
J-S22034-20
residence and knocked on the door. . . . [A] white male came to
the door. The white male initially denied that [Appellant] was in
the residence but after he stepped outside and was shown a
picture of [Appellant], the white male nodded his head and said
[Appellant] was inside the residence.
When the law enforcement officers entered the residence to arrest
[Appellant], they observed firearms and controlled substances in
plain view inside the residence. The police then obtained a search
warrant for the residence and seized various firearms, cocaine,
and drug paraphernalia.
On August 10, 2017, [Appellant] filed a motion to suppress, in
which he alleged that the authorities lacked a reasonable belief
that he was located inside the residence; therefore, the entry into
the residence was unlawful and any evidence observed and seized
as a result of that entry must be suppressed.
Trial Court Opinion, dated January 10, 2020, at 1-2 (footnote omitted); see
also Motion to Suppress, 8/10/2017, at ¶¶ 15-17 (“lacking th[e] reasonable
belief” that Appellant “was within the residence[,] . . . the unnamed parole
agents and US Marshalls unlawfully entered [] Anthony Street”; “[b]ut for the
unlawful entry, officers would not have been able to observe the cocaine,
shotgun, or pistol”).
On October 12, 2017, the trial court held a hearing on the suppression
motion, during which Appellant argued that “the information provided by the
anonymous informant . . . is not sufficient grounds for them to have a
reasonable belief that [Appellant] was inside that residence” and that –
whatever information parole gathered from [the white male who
opened the door] was unreliable and could not form reasonable
grounds to have that reasonable belief that [Appellant] was inside
the residence. . . . And so we would once again just argue that
there is not a reasonable belief that [Appellant] was inside the
residence at that time, and so any entry into that residence was
unlawful.
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N.T., 02/12/2017, at 14-15. At the suppression hearing, Appellant never
argued that the entry and search were illegal for being made without a search
warrant for the Anthony Street residence. See id. “[O]n October 13, 2017,
the court denied the motion.” Trial Court Opinion, dated January 10, 2020,
at 2.
Appellant was convicted on February 15, 2019, and the trial court
imposed the aforementioned sentence on April 2, 2019. Following the grant
of a petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act,2 Appellant’s direct
appeal rights were reinstated nunc pro tunc, and he filed this timely direct
appeal on October 14, 2019.3
Appellant presents the following issue for our review:
Whether the trial court erred in failing to suppress evidence that
was obtained pursuant to a warrantless search in a third-party
residence.
Appellant’s Brief at 6.
In reviewing the denial of a suppression motion, our role is to
determine whether the suppression court’s factual findings are
supported by the record and whether the legal conclusions drawn
from those facts are correct. Because the Commonwealth
prevailed before the suppression court, we may consider only the
evidence of the Commonwealth and so much of the evidence for
the defense as remains uncontradicted when read in the context
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2 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541–9546.
3 Appellant filed his statement of errors complained of on appeal on
October 17, 2019. The trial court entered its opinion on January 10, 2020.
The Commonwealth has chosen not to file an appellate brief. See Letter from
Joseph C. Ruby, Assistant District Attorney, to Jennifer Traxler, Esquire,
Deputy Prothonotary (April 20, 2020).
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of the record as a whole. Where the suppression court’s factual
findings are supported by the record, we are bound by these
findings and may reverse only if the court’s legal conclusions are
erroneous. Where, as here, the appeal of the determination of
the suppression court turns on allegations of legal error, the
suppression court’s legal conclusions are not binding on an
appellate court, whose duty it is to determine if the suppression
court properly applied the law to the facts. Thus, the conclusions
of law of the courts below are subject to our plenary review.
Commonwealth v. Yim, 195 A.3d 922, 926 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citations and
internal brackets omitted). Our scope of review from a suppression ruling is
limited to the evidentiary record created at the suppression hearing.
Commonwealth v. Fulton, 179 A.3d 475, 487 (Pa. 2018).
In his appellate brief, Appellant contends that “law enforcement
unlawfully entered the . . . residence” where he was arrested “without a search
warrant supported by a judicial determination of probable cause” and with “no
exigent circumstances[,4]” and, accordingly, “[t]he evidence was unlawfully
obtained[.]” Appellant’s Brief at 13-14. He argues that he consequently
“should be granted a new trial[.]” Id. at 13. Appellant now concedes “there
was a strong reason to believe that [he] was in the residence[.]” Id. at 16.
The only claim in Appellant’s motion to suppress and during the
suppression hearing was that the agents and marshals did not have sufficient
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4 Exigent circumstances are an exception to the warrant requirement,
excusing the need for a warrant where “prompt police action is imperative” -
i.e., when the delay in obtaining a search warrant would result in personal
injury or the loss of evidence. Commonwealth v. Johnson, 969 A.2d 565,
569 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citation omitted); accord Schmerber v. California,
384 U.S. 757 (1966).
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reason to believe that he was inside the residence prior to their entry, whereas
Appellant’s claim on appeal is that the agents and marshals lacked a search
warrant authorizing entry into the residence or exigent circumstances.
Compare Motion to Suppress, 8/10/2017, at ¶¶ 15-17, and N.T.,
02/12/2017, at 14-15, with Appellant’s Brief at 13-16. As Appellant’s
appellate challenge was not raised before the trial court, it hence was not
preserved. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower court are
waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”). Accordingly, we
affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judge Murray joins the Memorandum.
Judge Olson concurs in the result.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 05/22/2020
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