Com. v. Peasall, K.

J-A28025-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
KEITH PEASALL :
:
Appellant : No. 956 EDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 17, 2022
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0002647-2012
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and SULLIVAN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.: FILED MARCH 21, 2023
Keith Peasall (“Peasall”)1 appeals from the order dismissing his petition
for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). 2
Additionally, Peasall’s appellate counsel, Earl G. Kauffman, Esquire (“Attorney
Kauffman”), has filed a petition to withdraw from representation and an
accompanying brief styled pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738(1967).2 We grant counsel’s petition and affirm the PCRA court’s order.
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1 The record reflects that the appellant’s actual name is Tremaine Millian;
however, he uses several aliases, including “Keith Peasall,” and also goes by
the nickname “Mukmin.” See N.T., 9/23/13, at 19-21.
2 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
2Counsel petitioning to withdraw from PCRA representation must proceed not
under Anders but under Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa.
1998), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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In 2011, Peasall was arrested in connection with the 2007 homicide of
Samere Taylor and charged with murder, possession of a firearm prohibited,
and related crimes. At the preliminary hearing, the Commonwealth presented
the testimony of Devonne Brinson, who testified that he witnessed Peasall
shoot Taylor in the back near the corner of Dickenson and Bouvier Streets in
South Philadelphia. On the scheduled trial date of September 23, 2013,
following written and oral plea colloquies, Peasall entered a negotiated guilty
plea to murder of the third degree and possession of a firearm prohibited. The
Commonwealth agreed to nolle prosequi the remaining charges. In
connection with his plea, Peasall admitted to killing Taylor and agreed with
the factual summary of the murder as read into the record by the
Commonwealth. See N.T., 9/23/13, at 37-38, 48-50. On that same date,
during his sentencing hearing, Peasall apologized to Taylor’s family for
murdering Taylor and stated that the shooting resulted from Peasall’s poor
judgment and decision-making following a meaningless verbal altercation with
Taylor. Id. at 48-52. The trial court accepted the plea and sentenced Peasall
to the negotiated aggregate sentence of eleven to twenty-two years in prison.
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banc). Although Anders and Turner/Finley are close cousins, bearing
similarities in that counsel is required to examine the record, present issues,
and request permission to withdraw, there are also significant differences, as
explained infra. See Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d 717, 721-22
(Pa. Super. 2007).
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Peasall did not file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea, a post-sentence
motion, or a direct appeal.
On July 20, 2018, Peasall filed the instant pro se PCRA petition, his first.
Therein, he averred that the Commonwealth made a deal with Brinson to give
him the lowest possible sentences (if not probation) on his open criminal cases
in exchange for Brinson providing false testimony against Peasall. See Pro Se
PCRA Petition, 7/20/18, at 7; see also id. at 8 (alleging a violation of Brady
v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)).3 The court appointed Dennis I. Turner,
Esquire (“Attorney Turner”), as PCRA counsel. Attorney Turner filed a “no-
merit” letter pursuant to Turner/Finley, indicating that following his review,
he had determined that Peasall’s pro se petition was untimely, he could not
satisfy any timeliness exception, and that his issues lacked merit. On February
4, 2021, the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to
dismiss the petition without a hearing. Peasall did not respond to the notice.
On February 20, 2021, Attorney Turner filed a motion to withdraw.
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3 In Brady, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the suppression by
the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violated due
process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment,
irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution. See Brady, 373
U.S. at 87. The Supreme Court subsequently held that the duty to disclose
such evidence is applicable even if there has been no request by the accused,
see United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 107 (1976), and that the duty
encompasses impeachment evidence as well as directly exculpatory evidence,
see United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 676 (1985).
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In August 2021, George S. Yacoubian, Jr., Esquire (“Attorney
Yacoubian”) entered his appearance.4 In September 2021, Attorney
Yacoubian filed a “no-merit” letter pursuant to Turner/Finley wherein he
agreed with Attorney Turner’s assessment. In January and February 2022,
the PCRA court issued additional Rule 907 notices of its intent to dismiss the
petition. Peasall did not respond to the notices. On March 17, 2022, the PCRA
court entered an order dismissing Peasall’s pro se petition as untimely and
meritless. See Order, 3/17/22, at 1. The order also indicated that Attorney
Yacoubian was permitted to withdraw, and that new counsel would be
appointed for Peasall’s PCRA appeal. Id. Attorney Kauffman thereafter filed
a timely notice of appeal on Peasall’s behalf. The PCRA court ordered Peasall
to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement. In response, Attorney Kauffman
indicated that he would be filing an Anders brief in this Court. The PCRA
court did not file a Rule 1925(a) opinion. In this Court, Attorney Kauffman
has filed a petition to withdraw, and an accompanying brief styled pursuant to
Anders.
At the outset of our review, we note that this case does not implicate
Anders. As explained above, Anders applies to direct appeals whereas
Turner/Finley applies to PCRA cases. This Court has explained the
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4The docket does not reflect any ruling by the PCRA court on Attorney Turner’s
motion to withdraw from representation.
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differences between the requirements imposed by Anders and
Turner/Finley, as follows:
Anders counsel is not permitted to withdraw unless the
appeal is wholly frivolous, but Turner/Finley counsel is permitted
to do so if the case lacks merit, even if it is not so anemic as to
be deemed wholly frivolous. Also, Anders counsel must not argue
against the client’s interests while Turner/Finley counsel must
do so, articulating why the client’s claims have no merit.
The heightened protection afforded to Anders appellants as
compared to Turner/Finley petitioners/appellants arises because
the right to counsel on direct appeal and the right to the direct
appeal itself are constitutional ones. By comparison, a first-time
PCRA petitioner’s right to counsel is born of rule, namely
Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(C), and that right does not spring from the
federal or state constitutions.
Wrecks, 931 A.2d at 722 (citations omitted).
Because an Anders brief provides greater protection to a defendant,
this Court may accept an Anders brief in lieu of a Turner/Finley “no merit”
letter. See Commonwealth v. Widgins, 29 A.3d 816, 817 n.2 (Pa. Super.
2011). However, prior to addressing the merits of the issues raised for our
review, we must assess whether counsel’s filings satisfy the technical
requirements of Turner/Finley. See Commonwealth v. Muzzy, 141 A.3d
509, 510 (Pa. Super. 2016) (holding that “prior to addressing the merits of
the appeal, we must review counsel’s compliance with the procedural
requirements for withdrawing as counsel”).
Pursuant to Turner/Finley, independent review of the record by
competent counsel is required before withdrawal on collateral appeal is
permitted. See Commonwealth v. Pitts, 981 A.2d 875, 876 n.1 (Pa. 2009),
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overruled on other grounds by Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381,
401 (Pa. 2021) (abandoning Pitts’s approach as the sole procedure for
challenging PCRA counsel’s effectiveness). In Pitts, our Supreme Court
explained that such independent review requires proof of:
1. A “no-merit” letter by PC[R]A counsel detailing the nature and
extent of his review;
2. The “no-merit” letter by PC[R]A counsel listing each issue the
petitioner wished to have reviewed;
3. The PC[R]A counsel’s “explanation,” in the “no-merit” letter, of
why the petitioner’s issues were meritless;
4. The PC[R]A court conducting its own independent review of the
record; and
5. The PC[R]A court agreeing with counsel that the petition was
meritless.
Id. (citation and brackets omitted). Further, counsel must also send a copy
of the “no-merit” letter to the petitioner, along with a copy of the petition to
withdraw, and inform the petitioner of the right to proceed pro se or to retain
new counsel. See Wrecks, 931 A.2d at 721. Substantial compliance with
the requirements to withdraw as counsel will satisfy the Turner/Finley
criteria. See Commonwealth v. Karanicolas, 836 A.2d 940, 947 (Pa.
Super. 2003). If the brief meets these requirements, we then conduct an
independent review of the petitioner’s issues. See Muzzy, 141 A.3d at 511.
Our review discloses that Attorney Kauffman has substantially complied
with the above requirements. In the Anders brief, Attorney Kauffman
detailed the nature and extent of his review of the case, listed each issue that
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Peasall wishes to have reviewed, and explained counsel’s reasoning for
concluding that each of the issues are meritless. See Anders’ Brief at 4-18.
Attorney Kauffman has provided this Court with a copy of a letter dated August
20, 2022, which he sent to Peasall informing him of counsel’s belief that
Peasall’s pro se petition was untimely filed, included no issues of arguable or
legal merit, and that the appeal was frivolous. See Letter, 8/20/22, at
unnumbered 1. Attorney Kauffman also advised Peasall of his rights to retain
replacement counsel or proceed pro se. Id. The letter does not indicate that
a copy of the petition to withdraw or a copy of the Anders brief was attached
to the letter. Id. However, the petition to withdraw and the Anders brief
both contain a certificate of service which indicates that a copy of the
document was sent to Peasall on August 20, 2022. See Petition to Withdraw,
8/20/22, at unnumbered 3; see also Anders Brief, 8/20/22, at unnumbered
19. Thus, we conclude that Attorney Kauffman has substantially complied
with the requirements necessary to withdraw as counsel. See Karanicolas,
836 A.2d at 947. We now independently review Peasall’s claims to ascertain
whether they entitle him to relief.
In the Anders’ brief, Attorney Kauffman listed the issues that Peasall
wished to raise, as follows:
1. Whether [Peasall’s] PCRA petition was timely filed when it was
filed approximately [four] years after [the] judgment of
sentence [became final] and there was no applicable statutory
exception.
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2. Whether prosecuting attorneys knowingly, intelligently and
willfully hid the fact that they made an agreement with . . .
Brinson to testify falsely against [Peasall] in exchange for a
lesser sentence.
3. Whether [Peasall] entered the negotiated guilty plea out of
extreme fear and under extreme duress because [he] did not
have proof that the [District Attorney’s] Office made an
agreement with . . . Brinson to testify falsely against [Peasall]
in exchange for a lesser sentence in the open cases . . . Brinson
had.
4. Whether . . . Brinson did lie when asked if he had any
agreement with the [District Attorney] in exchange for his
testimony against [Peasall].
5. Whether there was a Brady violation when the Commonwealth
did not disclose the agreement.
6. Whether [Peasall] is factually innocent of the crimes he plead
guilty to when he did not shoot anyone, was not in possession
of any firearm, and was on 18th and Marris at the time of the
crime.
Anders’ Brief at 4 (unnecessary capitalization omitted, issues reordered for
ease of disposition).
Our standard of review of an order dismissing a PCRA petition is well-
settled:
We review an order dismissing a petition under the PCRA in
the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA level.
This review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and the
evidence of record. We will not disturb a PCRA court’s ruling if it
is supported by evidence of record and is free of legal error. This
Court may affirm a PCRA court’s decision on any grounds if the
record supports it. Further, we grant great deference to the
factual findings of the PCRA court and will not disturb those
findings unless they have no support in the record. However, we
afford no such deference to its legal conclusions. Where the
petitioner raises questions of law, our standard of review is de
novo and our scope of review plenary.
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Commonwealth v. Ford, 44 A.3d 1190, 1194 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations
omitted).
Under the PCRA, any petition “including a second or subsequent petition,
shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final[.]” 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment of sentence becomes final “at the
conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court of the United States, and or at the
expiration of time for seeking the review.” Id. § 9545(b)(3). The PCRA’s
timeliness requirements are jurisdictional in nature, and a court may not
address the merits of the issues raised if the PCRA petition was not timely
filed. See Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d 1091, 1093 (Pa. 2010).
In the instant matter, Peasall’s judgment of sentence became final on
October 23, 2013, thirty days after the trial court entered the judgment of
sentence, and Peasall declined to file a notice of appeal to this Court. See
Pa.R.A.P. 903(a); see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). Thus, Peasall had until
October 23, 2014 to file a timely PCRA petition. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9545(b)(1). The instant petition, filed on July 20, 2018, was filed nearly four
years after the judgment of sentence became final. Therefore, the instant
petition is facially untimely under the PCRA.
Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA petition if the
petitioner can plead and prove one of three exceptions set forth under 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1), which provides:
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(b) Time for filing petition.—
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second or
subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the
judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges and the
petitioner proves that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of
the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this
Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United
States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown
to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the
exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided
in this section and has been held by that court to apply
retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). Any PCRA petition invoking one of these
exceptions “shall be filed within one year of the date the claim could have
been presented.” Id. § 9545(b)(2). If the petition is untimely and the
petitioner has not pleaded and proven a timeliness exception, the petition
must be dismissed without a hearing because Pennsylvania courts are without
jurisdiction to consider the merits of the petition. See Commonwealth v.
Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 468 (Pa. Super. 2013).
In the Anders brief, Attorney Kauffman indicates that Peasall sought to
invoke the “new fact” exception to the PCRA’s time bar as set forth in section
9545(b)(1)(ii), which provides the PCRA court with jurisdiction to consider an
untimely petition where the petitioner alleges and proves that the facts on
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which his claim is predicated were unknown to him and that he could not have
ascertained those facts by the exercise of due diligence. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9545(b)(1)(ii); see also Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1270-
72 (Pa. 2007). Due diligence demands that the petitioner take reasonable
steps to protect his own interests. See Commonwealth v. Carr, 768 A.2d
1164, 1168 (Pa. Super. 2001). A petitioner must explain why he could not
have learned the new fact(s) earlier with the exercise of due diligence. See
Commonwealth v. Breakiron, 781 A.2d 94, 98 (Pa. 2001). This rule is
strictly enforced. See Commonwealth v. Monaco, 996 A.2d 1076, 1080
(Pa. Super 2010).
According to Attorney Kauffman, Peasall claims that his petition is timely
because he was not aware of any deals that the Commonwealth made with
Brinson until July 12, 2018, approximately eight days before he filed his pro
se petition. Attorney Kauffman explains that this assertion is incorrect, as
Peasall was present in court on the day of his scheduled trial when the court
and the parties discussed Brinson’s criminal history and the possibility of a
benefit on his open criminal case for his cooperation with the Commonwealth.
Attorney Kauffman points out that this information was also discussed at the
preliminary hearing. On this basis, Attorney Kauffman concludes that Peasall
is unable to satisfy the due diligence requirement of the “new fact” exception
to the PCRA’s time bar.
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Our review of the record discloses that Brinson testified at the
preliminary hearing that he has known both Peasall and Taylor since his youth,
and that in 2007, he witnessed Peasall shoot Taylor in the back at the corner
of Dickenson and Bouvier Streets in South Philadelphia as Taylor was running
away. See N.T., 2/29/12, at 6, 9-10, 14. Brinson indicated that the firearm
used by Peasall was a “black snub nose seven” revolver, possibly a .38 or a
.357. Id. at 46-48. Brinson explained that he did not inform police of the
murder committed by Peasall until November 2009, when Brinson was
“brought down on my previous matters concerning homicides.” Id. at 16. At
that time, Brinson provided a statement to police regarding the murder of
Taylor by Peasall in 2007. Id. at 17. Brinson admitted that he was currently
serving a sentence of five to ten years in prison for a firearms offense as well
as another sentence of five to ten years in prison for a violation. Id. at 22.
Brinson also admitted that he provided the November 2009 statement to
detectives about the murder prior to receiving his second sentence. Id. at
22. Brinson stated that although he had an open criminal case at the time he
provided his statement, the district attorney made no promises to him on his
open criminal case, Brinson was not hoping for a deal on his open case, and
his second prison sentence of five to ten years was not the result of any deal
with the district attorney. Id. The prosecutor indicated that Brinson had
received immunity regarding Taylor’s murder for his testimony against
Peasall. Id. at 28. On cross-examination, defense counsel questioned Brinson
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regarding whether his second sentence was the result of a deal with the
Commonwealth after he provided police with his statement in November 2009.
Id. at 25-27.
On the scheduled trial date of September 23, 2013, the court conducted
a pretrial hearing on a motion in limine at which the prosecutor explained that
Brinson wrote a letter to the police in November 2009 wherein he indicated
that he had witnessed three different homicides and had information to
provide on those homicides. See N.T., 9/23/13, at 3-4. The prosecutor
further explained that, approximately one week later, Brinson provided his
statement to police. Id. The prosecutor indicated that, although Brinson had
indicated at the preliminary hearing that he was not hoping for a benefit on
his open criminal case, she was “sure” that he was hoping for such a benefit.
Id. at 13.
Based on our review, we conclude that Peasall failed to establish the
“new facts” exception to the PCRA’s time bar. Peasall was present in court at
the preliminary hearing on February 29, 2012. See N.T., 2/29/12, at 9
(wherein Brinson pointed at Peasall in the courtroom and identified him as the
individual who shot Taylor). As such, Peasall was aware on that date that
Brinson had an open criminal case when he provided his November 2009
statement to detectives. Peasall would also have known on that date that
Brinson lied and provided false testimony that Peasall committed Taylor’s
murder. Further, given Brinson’s outright denial of any deal with the
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Commonwealth at the preliminary hearing and the prosecutor’s silence on this
line of questioning, Peasall should have exercised due diligence in
investigating whether Brinson provided false testimony at the preliminary
hearing as part of an undisclosed deal with the Commonwealth. However,
rather than exercising such due diligence, Peasall did nothing.
Peasall was also present in court eighteen months later on his scheduled
trial date of September 23, 2013, when the prosecutor explained that Brinson
sent a letter to police in November 2009 indicating that he had information
regarding three homicides, and that the prosecutor believed that Brinson sent
the letter hoping for “a benefit” on his open criminal case. See N.T., 9/23/13,
at 13. The prosecutor also disclosed that Brinson sent a subsequent letter to
the Commonwealth indicating that he was “he wasn’t going to cooperate
anymore because he had not gotten what he wanted.” Id. at 13-14. Defense
counsel confirmed that a copy of Brinson’s letter to the Commonwealth was
provided to Peasall one week prior to trial. Id. at 13. Thus, the record is
clear that Peasall was aware on September 23, 2013, that Brinson was
cooperating with the Commonwealth, that he had expected some kind of
benefit from the Commonwealth, and that he was refusing to cooperate in
Peasall’s case because he did not receive the anticipated benefit. Accordingly,
Peasall failed to identify any “new fact” which was unknown to him and could
not have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence. Thus, based
on our independent review, we conclude that the record supports the PCRA
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court’s determination that Peasall’s petition should be dismissed as untimely
is supported by the record.5
We further conclude that, even if Peasall had satisfied the “new fact”
exception to the PCRA’s time bar, his issues are meritless. The statements
made by a criminal defendant during a plea colloquy bind the defendant. See
Commonwealth v. Muhammad, 794 A.2d 378, 384 (Pa. Super. 2002).
Thus, a defendant cannot assert grounds for withdrawing the plea that
contradict statements made at that time of the plea. See Commonwealth
v. Stork, 737 A.2d 789, 790-91 (Pa. Super. 1999) (holding that a defendant
is bound by the statements he makes during his plea colloquy and may not
assert grounds for withdrawing the plea that contradict statements made
when he pled).
Here, as explained above, Peasall completed both written and oral plea
colloquies in which he admitted to murdering Taylor. See Written Plea
Colloquy, 9/23/13, at 1; see also N.T., 9/23/13, at 25-36. Indeed, prior to
conducting the oral colloquy, the trial court specifically advised Brinson that
“you are bound by the answers that you give me here in open court . . . [a]nd
what that means is that you’re forever stuck with the answers that you give
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5 Although we do not have the benefit of an opinion from the PCRA explaining
its determination that Peasall’s pro se petition should be dismissed as untimely
and meritless, see Order, 3/17/22, at 1, this Court may affirm the PCRA
court’s ruling on any valid basis appearing of record. See Commonwealth
v. Radecki, 180 A.3d 441, 451 (Pa. Super. 2018).
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me.” N.T., 9/23/13, at 27. Peasall agreed with the Commonwealth’s
summary of the facts upon which the plea was based, including that in 2007,
Peasall fatally shot and killed Taylor by a single gunshot to his back. Id. at
37-38. Based on these colloquies, the trial court found Peasall’s negotiated
guilty plea to murder of the third degree and possession of a firearm prohibited
to be knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Id. at 38.
The matter then immediately proceeded to a sentencing hearing at
which Peasall exercised his right of allocution. See N.T., 9/23/13, at 48.
Peasall initially stated, “I stand here and I take full responsibility for my
actions . . . in the death of [Taylor].” Id. Peasall continued:
I would like to also say to [Taylor’s] family, [his] mother,
which I have always had a close relationship with – a friend for
many years. We grew up together – that I know my words are
not sufficient to replace her son. I hope that she can find in her
heart the ability to forgive me for my actions because from day
one of this incident . . . from day one – I’m sorry – of this incident,
it has been eating at me like cancer.
Id. at 48-49. Peasall went on the explain that the murder occurred because
he reacted to a very petty and small verbal confrontation with Taylor and used
extremely poor judgment and decision-making in handling the situation. Id.
at 49-50.
Here, Peasall is bound by his admission that he shot and killed Taylor.
See Muhammad, 794 A.2d at 384; see also Stork, 737 A.2d at 790-91.
Thus, his claims that he is innocent, that Brinson provided false testimony as
part of an undisclosed deal with the Commonwealth, and that the
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Commonwealth committed a Brady violation by failing to disclose exculpatory
evidence (i.e., an undisclosed deal with Brinson to provide false testimony),
are meritless. Accordingly, based on our independent review, we conclude
that the record supports the PCRA court’s determination that the issues Peasall
sought to raise are meritless.
We therefore grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm the PCRA
court order dismissing Peasall’s pro se petition.
Petition granted. Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/21/2023
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