Com. v. Lapham, M.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
MARK JAMES LAPHAM :
:
Appellant : No. 262 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 26, 2019,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-06-CR-0004379-2018.
BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 24, 2020
Mark James Lapham appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed
after the trial court convicted him in a bench trial of accident involving death
or personal injury while not properly licensed (“AIDPI”), and four summary
convictions under the Vehicle Code: driving while operating privilege is
suspended or revoked, driving on roadways land for traffic, careless driving,
and driving vehicle at safe speed.1 On appeal, Lapham challenges the
sufficiency and the weight of the evidence supporting each conviction, as well
as a challenge to the discretionary aspects of his sentence. After careful
review, we affirm.
____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 See 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3742.1, 1543(a), 3309(1), 3714(a), and 3361,
respectively.
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The trial court summarized the pertinent facts as follows:
During the 5 p.m. hour on Friday, July 27, 2018,
[Lapham] was traveling westbound in the right lane of a
segment of US 422 known as the West Shore Bypass.
During this seven-mile segment, US 422 is a limited-access
highway with six interchanges, including the “Penn
Street/Penn Avenue” cloverleaf interchange in West
Reading, Berks County. [Lapham] was driving a silver Jeep
Compass.
At the same time, Placido Santana was using the
westbound entrance ramp lane from Penn Street/Penn
Avenue (US 422 Business) trying to merge onto the West
Shore Bypass. This entrance ramp is located on the right
side of US 422 and is the final ramp of this interchange for
vehicles traveling west. This interchange is very tight, and
this westbound ramp is especially tricky because US 422
Business intersects/merges into US 422 west within a curve.
During a non-jury trial held May 20, 2019, Santana
testified via an interpreter that [Lapham] rear-ended him
while Santana was completely within the entrance ramp
lane. Santana stated there was at least one car in front of
him on the entrance ramp waiting to merge onto US 422,
and that at no time prior to the accident did he leave the
entrance ramp lane.
It is undisputed that Santana had proceeded beyond the
yield signs and was located within the acceleration portion
of the lane close to the junction of the ramp and freeway
when he was hit; however, given the time of day (evening
rush hour on a weekday) traffic on the ramp was at or near
a standstill as cars waited for a chance to merge from US
422 Business (Penn Street/Penn Avenue westbound) onto
US 422 westbound (West Shore Bypass). It is also
undisputed that after striking Santana’s vehicle, [Lapham’s]
Jeep Compass veered right and crashed into the guardrail.
[Lapham’s] vehicle came to a stop before the entrance ramp
terminated (i.e., at a point of the highway where a portion
of the US 422 Business ramp was still clearly marked).
Trial Court Opinion, 4/8/20, at 2 (citation to record omitted).
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The trial court also noted that testimony from the police officer who
responded to the accident and spoke with Lapham at the scene, differed from
Lapham’s testimony. The court explained this disparity as follows:
To summarize, Santana testified that he never left the
entrance ramp lane. Officer [Kyle] Bohn testified that
[Lapham] told him at the time of the accident that he
([Lapham]) swerved from his through lane to avoid a vehicle
stopped in his lane ahead of him, and in doing so rear-ended
Santana. [Lapham] testified that Santana started to enter
US 422 from the ramp, and that [Lapham] swerved to avoid
Santana. [Lapham] further testified that Santana then
turned back into the entrance ramp lane (“we did kind of
like a twist or type of a motion”), and that is why the rear-
end collision took place in the ramp lane rather than the
through lane.
Trial Court Opinion, 4/8/20, at 5.
The court convicted Lapham on all of the charges. Although the trial
court scheduled sentencing for June 24, 2019, Lapham failed to appear, and
the court issued a bench warrant for his arrest. Lapham was detained on
November 26, 2019. That same day, the trial court sentenced Lapham to a
two-year probationary term for the accident involving death or personal injury
while not properly licensed, and imposed fines for summary convictions.
Lapham filed a timely post-sentence motion in which he challenged the
sufficiency and weight of the evidence supporting his convictions and a
discretionary challenge to the sentence the trial court imposed. The trial court
denied the motion. This appeal followed. Both Lapham and the trial court
have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
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As noted above, on appeal, Lapham challenges the sufficiency and the
weight of the evidence supporting his AIDPI conviction, as well as three of his
four traffic offenses.2 In addition, Lapham challenges the discretionary
aspects of his sentence.
With regard to Lapham’s sufficiency challenges, we first reiterate our
scope and standard of review for such claims, and then we will address the
evidence supporting each conviction separately.
I.
With regard to his sufficiency challenge, our standard and scope of
review are well settled:
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at
trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there
is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In
applying [the above] test, we may not weigh the evidence
and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In addition,
we note that the facts and circumstances established by the
Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may
be resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak
and inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of
fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances. The
Commonwealth may sustain its burden of proving every
element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by means
of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in applying the
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2 Lapham acknowledges that his challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence
supporting his fourth summary offense, driving while operating privilege is
suspended or revoked, is waived on appeal because trial counsel conceded
this fact during Lapham’s trial. See Lapham’s Brief at 10 n.1.
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above test, the entire record must be evaluated and all
evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
[trier] of fact while passing upon the credibility of the
witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced, is free
to believe all, part or none of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citations
omitted). “Where the evidence offered to support a verdict is in contradiction
to the physical facts, in contravention to human experience and the laws of
nature, then the evidence is insufficient as a matter of law.” Commonwealth
v. Ortiz, 160 A.3d 230, 234 (Pa. Super. 2017) (citation omitted). A claim
challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is a question of law. Id. at 233.
Lapham first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his
conviction for accidents involving death or personal bodily injury while not
properly licensed. According to Lapham, there was “no evidence presented at
trial to establish [he] was criminally negligent.” Lapham’s Brief at 10. This
offense is defined as follows:
A person whose operating privilege was disqualified,
canceled, recalled, revoked or suspended and not restored
or who does not hold a valid driver’s license and applicable
endorsements for type and class of vehicle being operated
commits an offense under this section if the person was the
driver of any vehicle and caused an accident resulting in
injury or death of any person.
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3742.1(a).3
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3 Effective December 24, 2018, the Pennsylvania legislature amended
subsection (a) to include two alternative bases for the offense. Subsection
(a)(1) provides similar language as quoted above, while subsection (a)(2)
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In Commonwealth v. Hurst, 889 A.2d 624, 626 (Pa. Super. 2005),
this Court agreed with Hurst that the above statute did not “contain a scienter
requirement on its face.” Nonetheless, we concluded that the criminal statute
was not an “absolute liability statute.” Id. at 28. As we explained:
[Hurst’s] violation of Section 3742.1 was a misdemeanor of
the second degree, and not a summary offense, which was
punishable by a maximum penalty of two years in prison.
See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1104. The nature of the offense, which
involves a causation element, and the potentially severe
penalty are sufficient indicia that the legislature did not
intend to eliminate the mens rea element and make
accidents involving death or personal injury while a driver is
not properly licensed a strict liability crime.
Hurst, 889 A.2d at 628.
Thus, in Hurst, we had to determine the required culpability for the
vehicular offense at issue under the Crimes Code, specifically 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§
302 and 305. Id. After considering the language of these sections, we
concluded that:
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 302(a) establishes the culpability
requirements for a violation of Section 3742.1 of the
[Vehicle Code], and therefore, criminal negligence as
defined in 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 302(b)(4) is the minimum level of
culpability the Commonwealth was required to establish at
trial.
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provides “or . . . acted with negligence that contributed to causing the accident
injury or death of a person.”
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Id. at 629. This conclusion was supported by appellate decisions which
determined the scienter requirement for similar Vehicle Code violations. See
id. at 629-30.
Section 302(b)(4) defines the concept of “criminal negligence” as
follows:
A person acts negligently with respect to a material element
of an offense when he should be aware of a substantial and
unjustifiable risk that the material element exists or will
result from his conduct. The risk must be of such a nature
and degree that the actor’s failure to perceive it, considering
the nature and intent of his conduct and the circumstances
known to him, involves a gross deviation from the standard
of care that a reasonable person would observe in the
actor’s situation.
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 302(b)(4).
In Commonwealth v. Kutzel, 64 A.3d 1114 (Pa. Super. 2013), this
Court considered how to determine whether an actor’s conduct constituted a
gross deviation from the standard of care. We reiterated:
In determining whether a person’s actions constitute
criminal negligence one must obviously consider the entire
situation; and we hold that the determination whether those
actions qualify as a “gross deviation” within the meaning of
the statute, can depend upon the nature of the standard
applicable to a given situation.
Kutzel, 64 A.3d at 1119 (citation omitted).
Here, the trial court rejected Lapham’s claim that the Commonwealth
failed to prove that his actions on the day of the accident constituted criminal
negligence. The court, as fact finder, accepted Santana’s testimony that he
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suffered injuries from the accident and Trooper Bohn’s testimony that Lapham
did not have a valid driver’s license at the time of the collision. The trial court
concluded that, “[b]ased on this evidence and the credible testimony of
Santana and Officer Bohn concerning how the accident happened, the court
denied [Lapham’s] challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence as to AIDPI.
Trial Court Opinion, 4/8/20, at 7.
Addressing Lapham’s claim to the contrary, the trial court concluded:
[Lapham’s] argument is based on his own testimony that
he rear-ended Santana’s vehicle only after swerving to avoid
a bigger accident. Essentially, he claims that he should be
found not guilty pursuant to the sudden emergency
doctrine. In this way, [Lapham] couches a weight of the
evidence argument as one challenging sufficiency.
[Lapham] seemingly contends that there was no evidence
that he was criminally negligent in the manner in which he
drove, but his claim requires that the fact finder believe his
testimony and ignore the Commonwealth’s witnesses. This
is a weight of the evidence challenge – not sufficiency.
Trial Court Opinion, 4/8/20, at 7 n.iv.
Our review of the record supports the trial court’s conclusion. In arguing
to the contrary, Lapham now asserts that “[t]he Commonwealth did not offer
testimony concerning [his] speed or sufficient details on his driving and traffic
conditions immediately preceding the accident,” and challenges Santana’s
testimony, based on his observations from his rearview mirror, as “unclear.”
Lapham’s Brief at 28. In addition, Lapham likens the situation in his case to
that in Kutzel, supra. We cannot agree.
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First, as a matter of credibility, the trial court accepted Santana’s
testimony regarding the accident, as well as Officer Bohn’s testimony
regarding statements Lapham made at the accident scene. Because these
credibility determinations supported by the record, we cannot disturb them.
Hansley, supra. As the trial court noted, Lapham actually challenges the
weight of the evidence supporting his convictions rather than the sufficiency.
Moreover, Lapham’s reliance upon Kutzel is misplaced, as the facts of
that case are easily distinguishable. In Kutzel, after observing the traffic
signal turn green, Kutzel turned right and struck a nine-year-old child that
was using a crosswalk. Kutzel, 64 A.3d at 1115. We vacated Kutzel’s AIDPI
conviction because there “was no evidence that [Kutzel’s] failure to perceive
[the child] crossing the street represented a gross deviation from the standard
of care to which a reasonable driver would adhere.” Id. at 1119. Here, the
facts, as accepted by the trial court and supported by the record, paint a
markedly different situation that lead to the collision in this case.
Finally, Lapham’s reliance upon Commonwealth v. Heck, 491 A.2d
212 (Pa. Super. 1985), is also misplaced. In that case, a jury convicted Heck
of vehicular homicide after his northbound vehicle made a left-hand turn and
collided with a motorcyclist traveling southbound. We vacated Heck’s
judgment of sentence after concluding that Heck was not criminally negligent
because the elevation of the intersection where the collision occurred may
have interfered with Heck’s ability to observe the motorcycle. Id. at 217-18.
In analogizing to Heck, Lapham argues that his “failure to apprehend a hazard
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in time was not a gross deviation from a reasonable standard of care.”
Lapham’s Brief at 30. The hazard upon which Lapham bases this claim—his
testimony that Santana’s vehicle entered the highway—was expressly rejected
by the trial court as fact finder.
Here, Lapham contends “the combined factors of rush hour traffic and
Santana’s unexpected maneuver combined to cause that accident at issue.”
Lapham’s Brief 29. As, noted above, the trial court found credible Santana’s
testimony that he never left the entrance ramp and therefore accepted
evidence that Lapham’s actions represented a gross deviation from the
standard of care. See also Commonwealth v. Best, 120 A.3d 329, 342 (Pa.
Super. 2015) (holding evidence sufficient to uphold AIDPI conviction when
there was evidence from which the jury could conclude that the defendant
caused the head-on collision, that the victims suffered personal injury, and
the defendant stipulated at trial that his license was suspend at the time of
the accident). Thus, Lapham’s first sufficiency challenge fails.
Lapham next challenges the sufficiency of his summary conviction for
driving on roadways laned for traffic. Section 3309 of the Vehicle Code
provides, in pertinent part:
Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or
more clearly marked lanes for traffic . . . [a] vehicle shall be
driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane
and shall not be moved from the lane until the driver has
first ascertained that the movement can be made with
safety.
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3309(1).
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Here, the trial court rejected Lapham’s claim that “the Commonwealth
failed to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that [he] either failed to drive as
practicable entirely within a single lane or moved from a lane without
ascertaining whether the movement could be made [safely].” Trial Court
Opinion, 4/8/20, at 8 (citing Lapham’s Rule 1925(b) Statement at ¶ 4). The
court explained:
[Lapham] and Officer Bohn both testified that the West
Shore Bypass is divided into two lanes. Both the
Commonwealth and [Lapham] presented photographic
evidence that the lanes are clearly marked. Finally, there is
no question that [Lapham] swerved out of his lane of travel
and into the entrance ramp lane, and given that [Lapham]
violently rear-ended Santana’s vehicle the court inferred
that [Lapham] did not first ascertain that the movement
could be made with safety.
Id. at 9.
Our review of the record supports this conclusion. Lapham asserts that
because “there were no police observations of [him] failing to drive in his lane”
and Santana’s testimony was “unclear,” there was “no testimony whatsoever
[that he] failed to maintain his lane while driving.” Lapham’s Brief at 32.
Given the totality of the circumstances surrounding the collision, the trial court
properly concluded that Lapham was guilty of this traffic offense. Once again,
Lapham’s true argument goes to the weight the trial court as fact finder
accorded the trial testimony, not the sufficiency. See Commonwealth v.
Palo, 24 A.3d 1050, 1055 (Pa. Super. 2011) (concluding that the appellant
attacks the weight rather than the sufficiency of the evidence when his
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argument is directed entirely to the credibility of the Commonwealth’s chief
witness). Thus, this sufficiency challenge fails.
Lapham next challenges his careless driving conviction. Section 3714
of the Vehicle Code provides: “Any person who drives a vehicle in careless
disregard for the safety of persons or property is guilty of careless driving, a
summary offense.” 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3714(a). Careless disregard is defined as
“less than willful and wanton conduct, but more than ordinary negligence or
the mere absence of care under the circumstances.” Commonwealth v.
Cathey, 645 A.2d 250, 250 (Pa. Super. 1994) (citation omitted).
Lapham asserts that the Commonwealth “cannot support a verdict for
Careless Driving merely because an accident occurred.” Lapham’s Brief at 34.
The trial court disagreed, concluding that “[p]roof of careless disregard for the
safety of persons or property in this case can be inferred from the fact that
[Lapham] was unable to stop his vehicle without first striking the car in front
of him, and instead had to swerve into the entrance ramp lane.” Trial Court
Opinion, 4/8/20, at 9. Our review of the record supports this conclusion.
Thus, Lapham’s sufficiency challenge fails.
In his final sufficiency challenge, Lapham claims that the Commonwealth
failed to present sufficient evidence to support his conviction for driving at a
safe speed. This traffic offense is defined, in pertinent part, as follows:
No person shall drive a vehicle at a speed greater than is
reasonable and prudent under the conditions and having
regard to the actual and potential hazards then existing, nor
at a speed greater than will permit the driver to bring his
vehicle to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead.
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75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3361.
Lapham asserts that the Commonwealth failed to present evidence that
he drove his vehicle at a speed greater than what was reasonable under the
circumstances since “[n]o testimony [was] offered whatsoever concerning the
speed of [his] vehicle.” Lapham’s Brief at 36. The trial court rejected this
claim:
As noted, the court believed the testimony of Officer
Bohn; namely, that [Lapham] said to the officer at the
time/scene of the collision that he swerved from his lane
into the entrance ramp lane to avoid a vehicle that was
traveling in the same lane of traffic. The court did not
believe [Lapham’s] testimony that Santana swerved into the
through lane. [Based] on Officer Bohn’s testimony, it is
clear that [Lapham] was driving at a speed greater than
permitted him to bring his vehicle to a stop within the
assured clear distance ahead. If [Lapham] had been driving
at an appropriate speed, he could have stopped within his
own lane instead of swerving.
Trial Court Opinion, 4/8/20, at 10.
Once again, our review of the record supports this conclusion. Lapham
cites us to no case authority that requires that the Commonwealth establish a
specific rate of speed in order to convict a person of this offense. “Speeding
alone does not violate the statute.” Commonwealth v. Heberling, 678 A.2d
794, 795 (Pa. Super. 1996). Rather, “[t]here must be proof of speed that is
unreasonable or imprudent under the circumstances[.] Id. Here, Officer Bohn
testified that Lapham told him his Jeep went airborne after hitting Santana’s
vehicle and came to rest atop the guardrail. See N.T., 5/20/19, at 38. From
such evidence the trial court could appropriately conclude that Lapham was
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guilty of driving too fast for the conditions presented. Thus, his final
sufficiency claim fails.
In sum, we conclude that the record supports the trial court’s conclusion
that sufficient evidence supports all of the convictions challenged by Lapham.
II.
We next address Lapham’s challenge to the weight of the evidence
supporting his convictions. When reviewing a challenge to the weight of the
evidence, our standard of review is as follows:
The essence of appellate review for a weight claim appears
to lie in ensuring that the trial court's decision has record
support. Where the record adequately supports the
trial court, the trial court has acted within the limits
of its discretion.
***
A motion for a new trial based on a claim that the verdict is
against the weight of the evidence is addressed to the
discretion of the trial court. A new trial should not be
granted because of a mere conflict in the testimony or
because the judge on the same facts would have arrived at
a different conclusion. Rather, the role of the trial judge is
to determine that notwithstanding all the facts, certain facts
are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them or to
give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice.
***
An appellate court's standard of review when presented with
a weight of the evidence claim is distinct from the standard
of review applied by the trial court. Appellate review of a
weight claim is a review of the exercise of discretion,
not of the underlying question of whether the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence.
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Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1054–55 (Pa. 2013) (citations
omitted) (emphasis added). Absent an abuse of discretion, the trial court’s
decision will not be disturbed. See Commonwealth v. Griffin, 515 A.2d
865, 869 (Pa. 1986). An abuse of discretion “is not merely an error in
judgment. Rather, it involves bias, partiality, prejudice, ill-will, manifest
unreasonableness or a misapplication of the law.” Commonwealth v. West,
937 A.2d 516, 521 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citation omitted). By contrast, a proper
exercise of discretion “conforms to the law and is based on the facts of record.”
Id.In denying Lapham’s weight claim, the trial court explained:
[Lapham] argued in his post-sentence motion, and avers
. . . that [t]he guilty verdicts were contrary to the weight of
the evidence where [Santana’s] testimony about the
accident was contradictory, inconsistent with prior
testimony and not credible. First, this claim ignores the
testimony of Officer Bohn and documentary evidence.
Moreover, [Lapham] does not identify how or why Santana’s
testimony was contradictory and/or inconsistent with prior
testimony, and there is no support for these claims in the
record.
Trial Court Opinion, 4/8/20, at 5 (quotation marks and citation omitted). The
court then noted that, as fact finder, it was its job to pass upon the credibility
of witnesses and that the court could consider the interest of a witness in the
outcome of the trial when making this determination. See id. at 5-6. The
court then expressly stated that “it found both Santana and Officer Bohn to
be credible and did not believe [Lapham’s] trial testimony.” Id. at 6. Thus,
the trial court stated that it properly denied Lapham’s weight challenge.
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Our review of the record supports this conclusion. Lapham’s claims to
the contrary are without merit in that in his brief he now provides specific
instances where he believes Santana’s testimony was inconsistent and refers
to his testimony, which the trial court found unworthy of belief. See Lapham’s
Brief at 38. In essence, Lapham asks this Court to reassess the evidence and
substitute our judgment for that of the trial court. This is not a proper
appellate function when considering a weight challenge. Clay, supra. Thus,
Lapham’s weight challenge fails.
III.
Lapham’s final claim challenges the discretionary aspects of his
sentence. This Court has explained that, to reach the merits of a discretionary
sentencing issue, we must conduct a four-part analysis to determine:
(1) whether the appeal is timely; (2) whether Appellant
preserved his issue; (3) whether Appellant's brief includes a
concise statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance
of appeal with respect to the discretionary aspects of
sentence [in accordance with 2119(f)]; and (4) whether the
concise statement raises a substantial question that the
sentence is appropriate under the sentencing code. . . . [I]f
the appeal satisfies each of these four requirements, we will
then proceed to decide the substantive merits of the case.
Commonwealth v. Colon, 102 A.3d 1033, 1042–43 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Austin, 66 A.3d 798, 808 (Pa. Super. 2013)).
Here, Lapham satisfied the first three requirements under Colon.
Accordingly, we must determine whether he has raised a substantial question
for our review. An appellant raises a “substantial question” when he “sets
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forth a plausible argument that the sentence violates a provision of the
[S]entencing [C]ode or is contrary to the fundamental norms of the sentencing
process.” Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280, 1282 (Pa. Super.
2010) (citation omitted).
The Commonwealth contends that Lapham’s Rule 2119(f) statement is
deficient because Lapham “does not prove any fact or argument in the
Statement whatsoever.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 24. A reading of Lapham’s
two-page statement reveals that it consists of no more than boilerplate
statements of law and fails to provide any facts or arguments applying this
case law to the circumstances surrounding the sentence imposed. In this
situation, this Court has found waiver of a sentencing challenge. See e.g.,
Commonwealth v. Williams, 562 A.2d 1385, 1389 (concluding that when
an “appellant’s Rule 2119(f) statement contains no factual averments which
suggest that the sentencing scheme as a whole has been compromised, but
instead merely paraphrases appellant’s argument as to why the sentencing
court abused its discretion in imposing the allegedly excessive sentence, the
petition for permission to appeal must be denied”).
As this Court more recently has explained, however, we can look at both
the statement of questions presented and the prefatory 2119(f) statement to
determine whether a substantial question exists. See Commonwealth v.
Johnson-Daniels, 167 A.3d 17, 27 (Pa. Super. 2017). Although he provides
no facts regarding his sentence in his 2119(f) statement, in his statement of
the question presented on appeal, Lapham asserts that his sentence is
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“excessive when considering the protection of the public, the gravity of the
offense as it related to the impact on the life of [Santana] and on the
community, and [his] rehabilitative needs. Lapham’s Brief at 12. Although
Lapham should have reiterated such statements in his Rule 2119(f) statement,
we find that he has raised a substantial question. See Johnson-Daniels,
167 A.3d at 27; Commonwealth v. Swope, 123 A.3d 333, 340 (Pa. Super.
2015) (concluding that an excessive sentence claim coupled with a claim that
the court failed to consider the defendant’s mitigating sentences and his
rehabilitative needs raises a substantial question).
Our standard of review when deciding an excessive sentencing claim is
as follows:
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on
appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this
context, is not shown merely to be an error in judgment.
Rather the appellant must establish, by reference to the
record, that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the
law, exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly
unreasonable decision.
Commonwealth v. Shull, 148 A.3d 820, 831 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation
omitted).
At sentencing, the Commonwealth recommended that the trial court
sentence Lapham to a two-year probationary term, and defense counsel
requested the court impose a lesser term of probation for several reasons,
including the fact that Lapham had been diagnosed with post traumatic stress
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disorder. In response, the trial court stated its belief that a two-year term of
probation would benefit Lapham:
[I]t seems to me that that the supervision is probably going
to be a good thing as opposed to a punitive thing. He has a
prior record score of zero. And he was convicted of a
misdemeanor of the second degree, [for] which two years
is the maximum. But it seems to be like two years of
supervision will probably be a good thing.
N.T., 11/26/19, at 4. After Lapham’s allocution, and after he answered a few
of the trial court’s questions, the trial court again stated, “Yeah. I mean, I’m
not in any way, shape or form trying to punish you. I’m just – I just think
that supervision will be a good thing.” Id. at 6.
Our review of the record supports the trial court’s conclusions. In
arguing to the contrary, Lapham assert that the trial court “failed to give
appropriate weight to the mitigating factors[.]” Lapham’s Brief at 41.
Additionally, he claims that because no restitution was included as part of his
sentence, a long probationary term was inappropriate. Id. Finally, Lapham
asserts that his “mental health diagnoses and need for treatment and
rehabilitation show that the rehabilitation factor should have been further
considered by the [trial court] in the sentence handed down.” Id.
As noted above, the trial court did consider Lapham’s rehabilitative
needs by determining that a two-year probation term of supervision would aid
him in his treatment and diagnoses. In essence, Lapham is asking this Court
to substitute our judgment for that of the trial court. This we will not do.
Williams, supra.
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J-S38003-20
In sum, because all of Lapham’s claims are without merit, we affirm his
judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/24/2020
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