Com. v. Grazioli, J.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOHN GRAZIOLI :
:
Appellant : No. 1538 WDA 2021
Appeal From the PCRA Order Entered December 8, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-25-CR-0001341-2018
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., KUNSELMAN, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED: April 20, 2023
Appellant, John Grazioli, appeals from the post-conviction court’s
December 8, 2021 order denying his timely-filed petition under the Post
Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review,
we vacate the PCRA court’s order and remand for further proceedings
consistent with this memorandum.
In February of 2019, Appellant was convicted by a jury trial of first-
degree murder, recklessly endangering another person, and carrying a firearm
without a license based on evidence that he shot his wife in the back of the
head while she slept. On April 5, 2019, Appellant was sentenced to an
aggregate term of life imprisonment, without the possibility of parole. We
affirmed his judgment of sentence on direct appeal. See Commonwealth v.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Grazioli, 229 A.3d 335 (Pa. Super. 2020) (unpublished memorandum).
Appellant did not petition for allowance of appeal with our Supreme Court.
On January 21, 2021, Appellant filed a timely, pro se PCRA petition
raising eight claims of trial and appellate counsel ineffectiveness, and one
sentencing issue. The court thereafter appointed Tina Fryling, Esq., as counsel
for Appellant. Attorney Fryling filed a supplemental petition, simply
incorporating by reference all the averments set forth in Appellant’s pro se
petition. The PCRA court found Attorney Fryling’s supplemental petition
inadequate, and ordered her to file another supplemental petition “identifying,
distilling[,] and presenting in legal terms those pro se claims which counsel
believes have legal merit.” PCRA Court Order, 5/7/21, at 2.
On June 4, 2021, Attorney Fryling filed an amended, supplemental
petition raising six claims of trial and appellate counsel ineffectiveness. The
Commonwealth thereafter filed a response, as well as a motion to dismiss
Appellant’s petition. On September 16, 2021, the PCRA court issued a
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s petition without a
hearing. Appellant, via Attorney Fryling, filed two responses to the Rule 907
notice, as well as a supplemental PCRA petition adding another claim of trial
counsel ineffectiveness. Counsel asked, inter alia, that the court conduct an
evidentiary hearing. On November 10, 2021, the court issued another
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss, stating that it accepted
Appellant’s amended petition, but deemed meritless the additional
ineffectiveness claim raised therein.
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On December 2, 2021, Appellant filed a pro se response to the court’s
Rule 907 notice. Therein, he claimed that Attorney Fryling had acted
ineffectively by raising certain of his post-conviction claims
inaccurately/incorrectly. Appellant requested that the PCRA court address his
ineffectiveness claims pertaining to Attorney Fryling under Commonwealth
v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381, 401 (Pa. 2021) (holding “that a PCRA petitioner
may, after a PCRA court denies relief, and after obtaining new counsel or
acting pro se, raise claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at the first
opportunity to do so, even if on appeal”). On December 8, 2021, the PCRA
court issued a memorandum and final order acknowledging Appellant’s
ineffectiveness claims against Attorney Fryling, but stating that it was not
permitted to consider Appellant’s pro se filing under the rule precluding hybrid
representation. See Memorandum and Order, 12/8/21, at 2 (citing
Commonwealth v. Willis, 29 A.3d 393, 400 (Pa. Super. 2011)). That same
day, the court issued an order dismissing Appellant’s petition.
Attorney Fryling filed a timely notice of appeal on Appellant’s behalf. On
January 13, 2022, Appellant filed with this Court a pro se petition, again
alleging Attorney Fryling’s ineffectiveness and asking that we remand for the
appointment of new counsel in accordance with Bradley. On January 20,
2022, Attorney Fryling filed an “Application to Remand for a Grazier[1] Hearing
and/or to Appoint Substitute Counsel.” On February 1, 2022, this Court issued
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1 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998).
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a per curiam order remanding for the PCRA court to hold a Grazier hearing
and “determine whether Appellant wishes to proceed pro se and if Appellant’s
decision to proceed pro se is knowing, voluntary, and intelligent.” Order,
2/1/22, at 1 (single page).
On February 17, 2022, the PCRA court notified this Court that it had
conducted a Grazier hearing on February 14, 2022. There, Appellant
indicated that he did not want to proceed pro se, and he agreed to continue
with Attorney Fryling as his counsel. See Response to Order, 2/17/22, at 1
(unnumbered). However, on February 24, 2022, Appellant once again filed a
pro se petition requesting that we remand. Appellant stated that our initial
remand for a Grazier hearing was improper, as he had never expressed his
desire to proceed pro se but had, instead, asked for the appointment of new
counsel so he could assert claims of Attorney Fryling’s ineffectiveness under
Bradley. Therefore, he requested that we remand for new counsel to be
appointed.
On March 1, 2022, we issued a per curiam order directing the PCRA
court to appoint Appellant new counsel within 14 days of the date of our order.
We directed Appellant’s new counsel to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal within 21 days of being
appointed. We also ordered the PCRA court to thereafter file a Rule 1925(a)
opinion. On March 15, 2022, the PCRA court appointed William J. Hathaway,
Esq., to represent Appellant, and ordered Attorney Hathaway to file a Rule
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1925(b) statement within 21 days. Attorney Hathaway timely filed a Rule
1925(b) statement, and the court thereafter filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion.
On October 13, 2022, Attorney Hathaway filed an appellate brief on
Appellant’s behalf, stating the following issues for our review:
A. Whether the [PCRA c]ourt erred in failing to grant PCRA relief
relating to the ineffective assistance of trial counsel in failing to
move for a change of venue?
B. Whether the [PCRA c]ourt erred in failing to grant PCRA relief
relating to the ineffective assistance of trial counsel in failing to
raise on direct appeal the claim of the trial court permitting the
introduction into evidence and examination of messages
purportedly from [Appellant] to other women on the “Kik” instant
messaging app?
C. Whether the [PCRA c]ourt erred in failing to grant PCRA relief
relating to the ineffective assistance of trial counsel in failing to
challenge the forensic results of the firearm allegedly used by
[Appellant] and/or in explicitly challenging the specifications and
independent testing of the firearm?
D. Whether the [PCRA c]ourt erred in failing to grant PCRA relief
relating to the ineffective assistance of trial counsel in failing to
raise on direct appeal the insufficient and misleading jury
instructions for possession of [an] instrument[] of crime?
E. Whether … [A]ppellant was afforded ineffective assistance of
PCRA counsel in that [Appellant] discerned that he had misstated
the relevant jury instruction at issue in the preceding claim within
his pro se PCRA [petition,] and he sought to rectify that omission
by apprising PCRA counsel of the actual framing of the [possession
of an instrument of crime] jury instruction, but PCRA counsel[,]
despite affirming that she would make the correction[,] merely
restated [Appellant’s] errant claim without modification?
F. Whether … [A]ppellant was afforded ineffective assistance of
PCRA counsel given the failure to discern, preserve and argue a
claim relating to the fact that trial counsel sought to present an
incongruent and factually[-]flawed[,] mixed defense of voluntary
intoxication and resultant diminished capacity and accidental
shooting[,] which were logically inconsistent and disparate
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thereby serving to undermine the credibility of both respective
defenses to the detriment of … [A]ppellant?
G. Whether … [A]ppellant was afforded ineffective assistance of
PCRA counsel given the failure to discern, preserve and argue the
failure of trial counsel to object to the Commonwealth’s cross-
examination of him, which materially exceeded the scope of
direct[-]examination and delved into issues and facts not
developed on direct examination?
H. Whether … [A]ppellant was afforded ineffective assistance of
PCRA counsel given the failure to discern, preserve and argue that
trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to the
Commonwealth’s closing argument including details concerning
Dr. Vey’s testimony[,] which was substantially misrepresented to
the extent … [it] constitute[d] prosecutorial misconduct through
the fabrication of trial evidence and the exaggeration of unfounded
references to the trial record?
I. Whether … [A]ppellant was afforded ineffective assistance of
PCRA counsel for want of the submission of objections or response
to the [“]Notice of Intent to Dismiss PCRA[,”] wherein the [PCRA
c]ourt concluded that the evidence was overwhelming whereas
there was no evidence of record except [Appellant’s] own
testimony explaining what transpired as to the shooting while the
Commonwealth evidence focused solely on the history of
[Appellant] and his actions subsequent to the shooting[,] which
collectively is inconclusive and amounts to supposition as to the
criminal intent of [Appellant] at the time of the shooting for
purposes of assignment of the level of criminal culpability
spanning from first degree murder to involuntary manslaughter
consistent with the jury instructions set forth?
Appellant’s Brief at 2-3.
On October 27, 2022, Appellant filed another, pro se petition for
remand. Therein, he averred that Attorney Hathaway acted ineffectively by
filing an appellate brief that waives certain claims for our review. Appellant
contended that Attorney Hathaway’s appellate arguments are undeveloped
and lack citations to any legal authority and/or the record. Accordingly,
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Appellant requested to proceed pro se, and asked that we remand for a
Grazier hearing. On November 10, 2022, this Court issued a per curiam order
denying Appellant’s petition, citing Grazier’s rule that an appellant cannot
request to proceed pro se after his counsel has filed an appellate brief. See
Order, 11/10/22 at 1 (single page) (citing Grazier, 713 A.2d at 82).
On November 14, 2022, the Commonwealth filed its appellate brief.
Notably, the Commonwealth argues therein that several of Appellant’s claims
should be rejected because he fails to cite to the record, and/or he presents
claims that are speculative, conclusory, and vague. See Commonwealth’s
Brief at 5 (stating that, in support of his first issue, “Appellant presents only
vague, speculative and conclusory arguments without any substantiation,
specificity or citations to the record”); id. (stating that Appellant’s second
issue “is speculative and conclusory and unsupported by any specific evidence
or reference to the record”); id. at 8 (arguing that we should reject Appellant’s
fifth issue because he “presents no evidence to substantiate this claim, nor
does he establish that the claim is of arguable merit or that counsel had no
reasonable basis for her alleged conduct or omission, nor does Appellant
establish prejudice”); id. at 9 (asserting that Appellant’s seventh, eighth, and
ninth issues should be found meritless because “Appellant offers only bald and
conclusory arguments, presents no substantiating evidence or citations to the
record, and fails to meet his burden of proof”).
On November 28, 2022, Appellant filed another pro se petition, which
this Court deferred until disposition by this panel. In his petition, Appellant
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again avers that Attorney Hathaway acted ineffectively by filing an appellate
brief that waives multiple issues due to counsel’s undeveloped arguments, and
failure to cite to legal authority and/or the record where necessary. However,
this time Appellant does not ask that we remand for a Grazier hearing to
determine if he can proceed pro se but, instead, he requests that we remand
for the appointment of new counsel.
Having carefully reviewed the record and the complex procedural history
of this case, we conclude that Appellant’s petition for remand should be
granted. Our examination of the brief filed by Attorney Hathaway confirms
Appellant’s assertions of ineffectiveness. As Appellant argues (and the
Commonwealth essentially concedes), Attorney Hathaway presented
undeveloped arguments that lack citations to any legal authority, and/or
citations to the record, for several of Appellant’s issues. For instance, in
support of Appellant’s first issue alleging trial counsel’s ineffectiveness for not
seeking a change of venue, Attorney Hathaway presents a two-paragraph,
page-and-a-half argument that has no citation to any legal authority. See
Appellant’s Brief at 10-11. In support of Appellant’s second issue, alleging
that direct appeal counsel was ineffective for “failing to raise … the claim of
the trial court[’s] permitting the introduction into evidence and examination
of messages purportedly from [Appellant] to other women on the ‘Kik’ instant
messaging app[lication,]” Attorney Hathaway does not cite to where in the
record this evidence was admitted. Id. at 11. Additionally, counsel’s
argument in support of this claim is also a meager two paragraphs. Id. at 11-
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12. Moreover, Attorney Hathaway cites no legal authority to support
Appellant’s third, fifth, sixth, seventh, or ninth issues. See id. at 12-14, 16-
20, 23-25.
Given these briefing deficiencies, we agree with Appellant that Attorney
Hathaway has waived the majority of his issues for our review. See
Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 771 (Pa. Super. 2007) (“When
briefing the various issues that have been preserved, it is an appellant’s duty
to present arguments that are sufficiently developed for our review. The brief
must support the claims with pertinent discussion, with references to the
record and with citations to legal authorities. … [W]hen defects in a brief
impede our ability to conduct meaningful appellate review, we may dismiss
the appeal entirely or find certain issues to be waived.”). We cannot discern
any reasonable basis for Attorney Hathaway’s briefing errors.
Additionally, Appellant is prejudiced by counsel’s inadequate
representation because we cannot meaningfully assess his claims, including
those of Attorney Fryling’s ineffectiveness, which Appellant is permitted to
raise for the first time on appeal under Bradley. There, our Supreme Court
noted that,
[i]n some instances, the record before the appellate court will be
sufficient to allow for disposition of any newly-raised
ineffectiveness claims. However, in other cases, the appellate
court may need to remand to the PCRA court for further
development of the record and for the PCRA court to consider such
claims as an initial matter. Consistent with our prior case law, to
advance a request for remand, a petition would be required to
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provide more than mere “boilerplate assertions of PCRA counsel’s
ineffectiveness,” [Commonwealth v.] Hall, 872 A.2d [1177,]
1182 [(Pa. 2005)]; however, where there are “material facts at
issue concerning [claims challenging counsel’s stewardship] and
relief is not plainly unavailable as a matter of law, the remand
should be afforded,” [Commonwealth v.] Grant, 813 A.2d
[726,] 740 n.2 [(Pa. 2002)] (Saylor, J., concurring)[, abrogated
by Bradley, supra].
Bradley, 261 A.3d at 402 (one internal citation omitted).
Here, not only are we precluded from meaningfully assessing Appellant’s
claims of ineffectiveness against Attorney Fryling because of the briefing
errors by Attorney Hathaway, but the record before us is also insufficient to
permit us to dispose of Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims against Attorney
Fryling. For instance, Appellant alleges that Attorney Fryling erred by not
raising certain claims of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness, yet we have no
explanation from Attorney Fryling for her decisions to forgo those claims. As
such, we cannot evaluate the reasonableness of counsel’s strategy.
The PCRA court also never addressed the substance of Appellant’s
ineffectiveness allegations against Attorney Fryling. Although Attorney
Hathaway raised the ineffectiveness claims pertaining to Attorney Fryling in
his Rule 1925(b) statement, in the PCRA court’s responsive, Rule 1925(a)
opinion, it did not address the merits of those issues. Instead, the court stated
that its rationale for dismissing Appellant’s claims was “fully set forth in the
Notice of Intent to Dismiss filed September 16, 2021, the Memorandum and
Notice of Intent to Dismiss of November 10, 2021, and the Memorandum and
Final Order of December 8, 2021.” PCRA Court Opinion, 7/12/22, at 4.
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However, the only mention of Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims regarding
Attorney Fryling in any of those previous filings was the court’s statement, in
its December 8, 2021 memorandum and order dismissing Appellant’s petition,
that it could not review Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims against Attorney
Fryling under the rule precluding hybrid representation. See Memorandum
and Order, 12/8/21, at 2. Thus, the PCRA never addressed the merits of
Appellant’s challenges to Attorney Fryling’s representation.
Accordingly, we conclude that the appropriate relief in this case is to
remand, once again, for the appointment of new counsel, and for further
development of the record regarding Appellant’s ineffectiveness claims
pertaining to Attorney Fryling. We also determine that the court’s underlying
PCRA order must be vacated because the PCRA court might, after assessing
Attorney Fryling’s effectiveness, determine that relief should be afforded (or
further development of the record is required) regarding Appellant’s assertions
of trial/appellate counsel’s ineffectiveness. Consequently, we vacate the PCRA
court’s order and remand for further proceedings consistent with this
memorandum.
Order vacated. Case remanded. Jurisdiction relinquished.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/20/2023
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