Com. v. Bradley, A.

J-A03042-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
AARON BRADLEY :
:
Appellant : No. 364 EDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 16, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0010497-2012
BEFORE: STABILE, J., DUBOW, J., and McCAFFERY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY McCAFFERY, J.: FILED MARCH 21, 2022
Aaron Bradley (Appellant) appeals from the order entered in the
Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas dismissing his first petition filed
pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act1 (PCRA), seeking relief from his jury
conviction of first-degree murder2 and related offenses. This appeal is on
remand from the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, which granted Appellant’s
petition for allowance of appeal and reversed our prior order affirming the
PCRA court’s denial of relief. See Commonwealth v. Bradley, 364 EDA
2019 (unpub. memo.) (Pa. Super. Jun. 22, 2020) (Bradley I), r’vd
Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381 (Pa. 2021) (Bradley II). We
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1 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
2 18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a)(1).
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now vacate the order denying PCRA relief, and remand to the PCRA court for
further proceedings.
We begin with a brief recitation of the relevant facts and procedural
history, which are detailed in the Supreme Court’s Bradley II decision. See
Bradley II, 261 A.3d at 383-85. In summary, Appellant was convicted of
first-degree murder for the March 27, 2010, shooting death of Bruce Fox
(Victim). Victim was a friend of Appellant’s girlfriend, Tanaya Nelson, and
Appellant was suspicious of their relationship. On the day before the shooting,
Appellant took Nelson’s cell phone and did not return it to her until the
following day — after Victim’s death — at which time her call and text logs
had been deleted. Through a forensic examination, the Philadelphia police
retrieved a number of text messages sent between Nelson’s phone and
Victim’s phone shortly before Victim was shot in his vehicle. The messages
recovered from Nelson’s phone asked Victim to pick her up at the location
where the shooting occurred, and indicated that he did so at the time of the
shooting. See id. at 383-84.
Following Appellant’s conviction and sentencing, this Court affirmed his
judgment of sentence on direct appeal, and the Supreme Court denied his
petition for allowance of appeal. See Commonwealth v. Bradley, 2064 EDA
2014 (unpub. memo.) (Pa. Super. Aug. 12, 2015), appeal denied, 506 EAL
2015 (Pa. Dec. 30, 2015). Thereafter, Appellant filed a timely, pro se PCRA
petition. As detailed in our prior memorandum, Appellant retained private
counsel — D. Wesley Cornish, Esquire — who subsequently filed an amended
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petition and three supplemental petitions, raising allegations that were either
meritless, underdeveloped, or previously litigated on direct appeal. See
Bradley I, unpub. memo. at 4-5. The PCRA court issued Pa.R.Crim.P. 907
notice of its intent to dismiss the petition, and provided Appellant with the
requisite 20 days to respond. After that deadline passed, Attorney Cornish
requested an extension of time to file a response. The trial court did not
address the request, but rather entered an order dismissing Appellant’s
petition on January 16, 2019. This timely appeal followed. See id. at 5.
While the appeal was pending in this Court, new counsel — Michael
Wiseman, Esquire — entered his appearance. Thereafter, on September 10,
2019, Attorney Wiseman filed a “Motion to Remand,” requesting this Court
remand the case to the PCRA court so that he could raise several claims of
prior PCRA counsel’s (Attorney Cornish’s) ineffectiveness. See Appellant’s
Motion to Remand, 9/10/19, at 1-18. This Court denied the motion without
prejudice to Appellant to raise the issue before the merits panel, which he did.
When this appeal first appeared before this Court, we noted that
Attorney Wiseman did not challenge the PCRA court’s ruling on any of the
claims raised by Attorney Cornish in the amended or supplemental petitions,
but instead argued Attorney Cornish was ineffective for failing to raise several
claims of both trial and direct appeal counsel’s ineffective assistance.3 See
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3We note the Commonwealth supported Appellant’s request for a remand.
See Bradley I, unpub. memo. at 6.
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Bradley I, unpub. memo. at 6. However, we concluded we were constrained
by prior case law “to conclude Appellant waived any challenge to prior PCRA
counsel’s ineffectiveness when he failed to raise the claim in response to the
PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice.” Id. at 13-14. See id. at 10-13 (discussing
case law requiring Appellant to raise PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness in Rule
907 response to preserve claim for appeal).
As noted above, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court granted allowance of
appeal “to consider whether the current process for the enforcement of the
right to effective counsel in a first PCRA proceeding is adequate, and if not,
whether another process is appropriate.” Bradley II, 261 A.3d at 386. The
Court acknowledged:
A meaningful and efficient procedure to protect and enforce
a PCRA petitioner’s right to effective assistance of counsel on
collateral review has been elusive. Our Court, in various
decisions, has struggled with balancing the right to effective PCRA
counsel with the mandates of the PCRA, while providing a
workable system with finality. . . .
Id. at 389. After reviewing the history of post-conviction collateral
proceedings in Pennsylvania, and the process by which a PCRA petitioner may
“vindicate his right to effective PCRA counsel[,]” the Supreme Court concluded
that the current Rule 907 approach is “largely impractical and ineffective.” Id.
at 389, 399. In fact, the Court noted that “the Rule 907 procedure [which
was] summarily pronounced in [Commonwealth v. Pitts, 981 A.2d 875 (Pa.
2009),] was unnecessary to [the] resolution of that appeal and thus
constitute[d] obiter dicta.” Bradley II, 261 A.3d at 399.
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After considering several proposals by the parties and amici4 as to “the
best way to balance the competing concerns[,]” the Supreme Court held that
a PCRA petitioner should be permitted “to raise claims of ineffective assistance
of counsel at the first opportunity to do so, even when on appeal.” Bradley
II, 261 A.3d at 401. The Court determined this was the best approach to
balancing the petitioner’s “rule-based right to effective assistance of counsel”
with “the important interests in the efficient resolution and finality of criminal
matters.” Id. The Bradley II Court opined:
[W]e find that a review paradigm allowing a petitioner to raise
claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at the first opportunity
when represented by new counsel, even if on appeal, while not an
ideal solution, accommodates these vital interests. Fully
cognizant of the difficulties . . . associated with requiring PCRA
counsel himself, or a pro se petitioner, to raise claims of PCRA
counsel’s ineffectiveness, we hold that a PCRA petitioner may,
after a PCRA court denies relief, and after obtaining new counsel
or acting pro se, raise claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at
the first opportunity to do so, even if on appeal.
* * *
In some instances, the record before the appellate court will
be sufficient to allow for disposition of any newly-raised
ineffectiveness claims. However, in other cases, the appellate
court may need to remand to the PCRA court for further
development of the record and for the PCRA court to
consider such claims as an initial matter. Consistent with our
prior case law, to advance a request for remand, a petition would
be required to provide more than mere boilerplate assertions of
PCRA counsel's ineffectiveness[;] however, where there are
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4The following organizations filed amicus curiae briefs before the Supreme
Court: Pennsylvania Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Defender
Association of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Innocence Project, Office of Attorney
General, and Pennsylvania District Attorney’s Association. See Bradley II,
261 A.3d at 388-89.
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material facts at issue concerning [claims challenging counsel’s
stewardship] and relief is not plainly unavailable as a matter of
law, the remand should be afforded[.]
Id. at 401-02 (footnotes, citations, and quotation marks omitted; emphasis
added). Consequently, the Supreme Court reversed our order affirming the
PCRA court and remanded the matter back to this Court “for proceedings
consistent with [its] decision[.]” Id. at 405.
We now turn to Appellant’s substantive claims, each of which allege the
ineffective assistance of prior PCRA counsel, Attorney Cornish. Preliminarily,
we note:
It is well-established that counsel is presumed to have provided
effective representation unless the PCRA petitioner pleads and
proves all of the following: (1) the underlying legal claim is of
arguable merit; (2) counsel’s action or inaction lacked any
objectively reasonable basis designed to effectuate his client's
interest; and (3) prejudice, to the effect that there was a
reasonable probability of a different outcome if not for counsel’s
error.
Commonwealth v. Miller, 212 A.3d 1114, 1126 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citation
omitted). Furthermore, where, as here, the issues involve layered claims of
ineffectiveness,
the critical inquiry is whether the first attorney that [Appellant]
asserts was ineffective did, in fact, render ineffective assistance
of counsel. If that attorney was effective, then subsequent
counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for failing to raise the
underlying issue.
Commonwealth v. Burkett, 5 A.3d 1260, 1270 (Pa. Super. 2010).
Here, Appellant argues Attorney Cornish was ineffective for the following
reasons. First, Attorney Cornish failed to properly plead Appellant’s claim that
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trial counsel was ineffective for not presenting alibi witnesses. Appellant
explains that Attorney Cornish adopted this claim “verbatim” from Appellant’s
pro se petition and failed to provide any “factual specificity” or “witness
affidavit, declaration or certification” to support the allegation. Appellant’s
Brief at 17. In a footnote, Attorney Wiseman advises that he “has in his
possession signed declarations from the alibi witnesses” which he is prepared
to provide to the PCRA court. See id. at 19 n.7.
Second, Appellant maintains Attorney Cornish failed to properly plead a
claim that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call a “rebuttal expert with
respect to historic cell-phone analysis.” Appellant’s Brief at 19. The PCRA
court denied this claim because the proposed expert report “did not state
whether [the expert] was available, willing or able to testify in [Appellant’s]
2014 trial[, nor did Appellant] assert that the absence of testimony from this
proposed witness was so prejudicial as to deny [Appellant] a fair trial.” Id. at
20, citing PCRA Ct. Op., 4/25/19, at 14. See Commonwealth v. Orner, 251
A.3d 819, 825 (Pa. Super. 2021) (en banc) (to prevail on claim that trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to call a witness, a petitioner must
demonstrate: “(1) the witness existed; (2) the witness was available to testify
for the defense; (3) counsel knew of, or should have known of, the existence
of the witness; (4) the witness was willing to testify for the defense; and (5)
the absence of the testimony was so prejudicial as to have denied the
defendant a fair trial”) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 308 MAL 2021 (Pa.
Oct. 26, 2021). Appellant explains that Attorney Cornish averred in his
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pleading that the proposed witness was available, and thus could have
requested a revised report. See Appellant’s Brief at 20-21. Moreover, he
insists his expert identified “significant flaws” in the Commonwealth’s expert’s
testimony, including the fact that “Appellant’s cell phone could have been as
far as 21 miles from the crime scene at the relevant time.” Id. at 21.
Appellant’s third and fourth claims involve allegations of direct appeal
counsel’s ineffectiveness which Attorney Cornish failed to raise in any of the
PCRA petitions. Appellant maintains direct appeal counsel was ineffective for
failing to challenge the trial court’s pretrial ruling denying Appellant access to
Nelson’s mental health records. See Appellant’s Brief at 21-22. He also
asserts direct appeal counsel’s ineffectiveness for failing to challenge the trial
court’s ruling which permitted the Commonwealth to impeach two of
Appellant’s character witnesses with reference to Appellant’s juvenile
adjudication of simple assault, which Appellant incurred in 1997 — 13 years
before the shooting — when he was only 14 years old. Id. at 23-24.
We emphasize that, of these claims, the only issue the PCRA court
addressed in its opinion was trial counsel’s failure to call an expert on rebuttal.
See PCRA Ct. Op. at 14. As noted supra, the court denied the claim because
the proposed expert did not state in his affidavit “whether he was available,
willing, or able to testify in [Appellant’s] trial” and Appellant “failed to assert
that the absence of testimony from this proposed witness was so prejudicial
as to deny [Appellant] a fair trial.” Id. These errors could have been corrected
by prior PCRA counsel.
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Therefore, in light of Bradley II, we vacate the order denying PCRA
relief and remand this matter to the PCRA court for further proceedings. Upon
our review, we conclude the claims raised by Appellant herein are more than
“mere boilerplate assertions of [prior] PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness[,]” and
raise “material facts” which are best determined, in the first instance, by the
PCRA court. See Bradley II, 261 A.3d at 402 (citation and quotation marks
omitted). Moreover, we also conclude “relief is not plainly unavailable as a
matter of law[.]” Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted). We emphasize,
however, that the ineffectiveness claims at issue upon remand are limited to
those presented in this appeal before this Court.
Order vacated. Case remanded for proceedings consistent with this
memorandum. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/21/2022
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