In the Interest of: Z.I., a Minor Appeal of: K.R.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.I., A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: K.R., FATHER : No. 366 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered January 30, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
Juvenile Division at No(s): CP-36-DP-0000053-2016
IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.I., A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
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APPEAL OF: K.R., FATHER : No. 367 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered January 30, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
Juvenile Division at No(s): CP-36-DP-0000053-2016
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED AUGUST 18, 2017
Appellant, K.R. (“Father”), appeals from the orders entered in the
Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which found
aggravated circumstances existed and reasonable efforts were not required
by the Lancaster County Children and Youth Services (“CYS”) to reunify
Father and his minor child, Z.I. (“Child”), born February 2010. We affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.
Most recently, CYS became involved with this family on February 24, 2016,
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when CYS received a report that stated mother’s paramour (“Paramour”)
had physically abused Child’s sibling. As a result, CYS filed petitions on
February 25, 2016, for temporary custody of Child and her minor siblings.
That same date, the Juvenile court granted the petitions and placed Child
and her siblings in CYS’ custody. On February 29, 2016, the court held a
shelter care hearing and continued Child’s placement with CYS. CYS filed a
motion for a finding of aggravated circumstances against mother on March
9, 2016, and alleged that mother had witnessed Paramour abuse mother’s
child, and Mother did not intervene and/or seek medical treatment for her
child. On April 11, 2016, the court adjudicated Child dependent after finding
Child was without sufficient food and mother had been using illegal drugs.
Additionally, the Juvenile court found aggravated circumstances existed
against mother and permitted CYS to discontinue reasonable efforts to
reunify mother and Child.
The Juvenile court held a hearing on May 23, 2016, and approved CYS’
request to place Child in a kinship resource home. At the hearing, Paramour
refused to cooperate with court-ordered genetic testing to confirm his
paternity of Child. Mother and Paramour, however, both testified under oath
that Paramour was Child’s biological father. On May 24, 2016, the court
issued an order directing CYS to proceed with the case as if Paramour is
Child’s father. Father continued to refuse to cooperate with genetic testing.
As a result, on July 18, 2016, the court directed the office of Domestic
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Relations to perform genetic testing on Father to confirm paternity. On
October 28, 2016, CYS received Father’s test results, which confirmed his
paternity.
CYS performed a background check on Father and discovered an
investigation report (CY-48 report) from the Northumberland County CYS,
which stated that: (a) on April 1, 2015, Father was indicated as a
perpetrator of physical abuse against his biological child, N.R.R. (born
December 2011); (b) N.R.R. suffered severe burning/scalding to her hands,
which left permanent scarring and possible deformity; and (c) N.R.R.’s
injuries were consistent with someone forcibly holding N.R.R.’s hand under
scalding water. So, CYS filed a motion on November 3, 2016, for a finding
of aggravated circumstances against Father and attached a copy of the CY-
48 report. CYS filed a petition for a permanency hearing on November 7,
2016, claiming no further efforts to reunify Father and Child were required
due to aggravated circumstances. CYS asked the court to change the
primary placement goal from reunification to adoption.
On November 28, 2016, the Juvenile court appointed counsel to
represent Father. Following several continuances, the court held a hearing
on CYS’ petitions on January 30, 2017. At the hearing, CYS caseworker
Kelsey Curcio testified that after CYS learned of Father’s paternity of Child,
CYS checked Father’s history of involvement with other CYS agencies. Ms.
Curcio said CYS discovered the CY-48 report, which indicated Father as a
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perpetrator of physical abuse against his minor daughter, N.R.R., in April
2015. Ms. Curcio explained N.R.R. suffered severe burning/scalding to her
hand, which left permanent scarring and possible deformity. Moreover, Ms.
Curcio believed N.R.R.’s injuries constituted serious bodily injury, which
formed the basis of CYS’ request for a finding of aggravated circumstances
against Father. In light of CYS’ findings, Ms. Curcio requested the court to
find aggravated circumstances against Father and approve CYS’ proposed
permanency plan.
On January 30, 2017, the Juvenile court entered an order finding
aggravated circumstances against Father, and entered a dispositional order
approving CYS’ proposed permanency plan, changed Child’s primary
placement goal to adoption, and ordered that no visitation occur. On
February 28, 2017, Father timely filed notices of appeal and Rule
1925(a)(2)(i) statements from the court’s January 30, 2017 orders. On
March 23, 2017, this Court sua sponte consolidated the appeals.
Father raises two issues for our review:
WHETHER THE [JUVENILE] COURT ERRED IN ITS
DISPOSITIONAL ORDER WHEN IT DETERMINED THAT
FATHER…SHOULD RECEIVE A CHILD PERMANENCY PLAN
WITH NO PLAN FOR REUNIFICATION WITH…CHILD?
WHETHER THE [JUVENILE] COURT ERRED IN ITS
AGGRAVATED CIRCUMSTANCES ORDER WHEN IT
DETERMINED THERE WAS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
PRESENTED THAT AGGRAVATED CIRCUMSTANCES FOR
ABUSE OF A CHILD EXISTED AS TO FATHER?
(Father’s Brief at 8).
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For purposes of disposition, we combine Father’s issues, which he
addresses in his brief out of sequence. Father argues the Juvenile court
based its finding of aggravated circumstances against Father solely on Ms.
Curcio’s testimony, which focused on the content of the CY-48 report.
Father avers Ms. Curcio’s testimony alone was insufficient. Father maintains
CYS did not offer the report as an exhibit at the January 30, 2017 hearing
and/or present testimony from a Northumberland County CYS caseworker.
Father concludes CYS failed to present clear and convincing evidence of
aggravated circumstances. Additionally, Father asserts, for the first time in
his brief, that the record does not mention when CYS requested a finding of
aggravated circumstances against Father, which makes it impossible to
determine whether the motion was timely filed, and CYS did not provide
Father with notice of the motion.
Next, Father challenges the Juvenile court’s dispositional order that
approved CYS’ permanency plan of no reunification of Father and Child.
Father argues the court failed to assess and/or demand proof of Father’s
inability to parent. Father claims the January 30, 2017 hearing was the first
time he was present, represented by counsel, and allowed to give evidence.
Father asserts the court based its dispositional order solely on the CY-48
report. Moreover, Father maintains the court failed to consider that the
report involved a single incident. Father points out CYS did not show
evidence of continued abuse. For these reasons, Father concludes he should
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have received a plan for reunification with Child, and requests a remand so
he can demonstrate his ability to parent. We disagree with Father’s
contentions.
Our Supreme Court set forth our standard of review for dependency
cases as follows:
[T]he standard of review in dependency cases requires an
appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility
determinations of the trial court if they are supported by
the record, but does not require the appellate court to
accept the lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law.
Accordingly, we review for an abuse of discretion.
In re R.J.T., 608 Pa. 9, 26-27, 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (2010). The
Pennsylvania Juvenile Act,1 which was amended in 1998 to conform to the
federal Adoption and Safe Families Act (“ASFA”),2 controls issues pertaining
to the custody and placement of dependent children. Id. “The policy
underlying these statutes is to prevent children from languishing indefinitely
in foster care, with its inherent lack of permanency, normalcy, and long-
term parental commitment. Consistent with this underlying policy, the 1998
amendments to the Juvenile Act, as required by the ASFA, place the focus of
dependency proceedings, including change of goal proceedings, on the
child.” Id. In other words, these Acts equally emphasize the best interests
of the child is at the heart of the court proceedings; although the
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1
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6301-6365.
2
42 U.S.C. § 671 et seq.
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reunification of children placed in foster care with their natural parents is a
primary goal, the ASFA “was designed to curb an inappropriate focus on
protecting the rights of parents when there is a risk of subjecting children to
long term foster care or returning them to abusive families.” In re C.B.,
861 A.2d 287, 295 (Pa.Super. 2004), appeal denied, 582 Pa. 692, 871 A.2d
187 (2005).
Both statutes are compatible pieces of legislation seeking
to benefit the best interest of the child, not the parent.
There is no denying that ASFA promotes the reunification
of foster care children with their natural parents when
feasible, but the one notable exception to the goal of
reunification is where aggravated circumstances are extant
in the home, which encompasses abandonment, torture,
and/or abuse of a chronic or sexual nature:
(D) reasonable efforts … shall not be required to be
made with respect to a parent of a child if a court of
competent jurisdiction has determined that—
(i) the parent has subjected the child to
aggravated circumstances (as defined in State
law, which definition may include but need not
be limited to abandonment, torture, chronic
abuse, and sexual abuse)[.]
42 U.S.C. § 671(a)(15)(D)(i). In like fashion,
Pennsylvania’s Juvenile Act focuses upon reunification of
the family, which means that the unity of the family shall
be preserved “whenever possible.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
6301(b)(1). However, as with ASFA, all family
reunification may cease in the presence of a finding of
aggravated circumstances…
In re M.S., 980 A.2d 612, 615 (Pa.Super. 2009), appeal denied, 603 Pa.
710, 985 A.2d 220 (2009). Section 6351 of our Juvenile Act provides in
pertinent part:
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§ 6351. Disposition of dependent child
* * *
(e) Permanency hearings.—
(1) The court shall conduct a permanency hearing for
the purpose of determining or reviewing the
permanency plan of the child, the date by which the
goal of permanency for the child might be achieved and
whether placement continues to be best suited to the
safety, protection and physical, mental and moral
welfare of the child. In any permanency hearing held
with respect to the child, the court shall consult with the
child regarding the child’s permanency plan in a manner
appropriate to the child’s age and maturity. . . .
(2) If the county agency or the child’s attorney
alleges the existence of aggravated circumstances and
the court determines that the child has been
adjudicated dependent, the court shall then determine if
aggravated circumstances exist. If the court finds from
clear and convincing evidence that aggravated
circumstances exist, the court shall determine whether
or not reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the
need for removing the child from the child’s parent,
guardian or custodian or to preserve and reunify the
family shall be made or continue to be made and
schedule a hearing as provided in paragraph (3).
* * *
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e)(1-2). “Safety, permanency, and the well-being of
the child must take precedence over all other considerations, including the
rights of the parents.” In re M.S., supra at 615. The decision whether to
pursue reunification is made on a case-by-case basis. In re A.H., 763 A.2d
873, 878 (Pa.Super. 2000). After the trial court finds aggravated
circumstances, the court has the discretion to order the cessation of
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reunification services. Id. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e) (stating finding of
aggravated circumstances requires court to determine if reasonable efforts
shall continue to reunify family).
The Juvenile Act defines “aggravated circumstances” to include the
following circumstance:
§ 6302. Definitions
“Aggravated circumstances.” Any of the following
circumstances:
* * *
(2) The child or another child of the parent has been the
victim of physical abuse resulting in serious bodily injury,
sexual violence or aggravated physical neglect by the
parent.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302. “Serious bodily injury” means “Bodily injury which
creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious, permanent
disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily
member or organ.” Id. Section 6334 of the Juvenile Act addresses petitions
alleging aggravated circumstances in pertinent part as follows:
§ 6334. Petition
* * *
(b) Aggravated circumstances─
(1) An allegation that aggravated circumstances exist
may be brought:
(i) in a petition for dependency with regard to a
child who is alleged to be a dependent child; or
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(ii) in a petition for a permanency hearing with
regard to a child who had been determined to be a
dependent child.
(2) The existence of aggravated circumstances may
be alleged by the county agency or the child’s attorney.
If the county agency reasonably believes that
aggravated circumstances exist, it shall file the
appropriate petition as soon as possible but no later
than 21 days from the determination by the county
agency that aggravated circumstances exist.
(3) A petition for dependency or a permanency
hearing that alleges aggravated circumstances shall
include a statement of the facts the…child’s attorney
intends to prove to support the allegation. …
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6334(b).
Instantly, the Juvenile court adjudicated Child dependent on April 11,
2016, and found aggravated circumstances against mother. Child’s
biological father remained uncertain until a test confirmed Father’s paternity
on October 28, 2016. Shortly thereafter, CYS discovered a CY-48 report
that indicated Father was the perpetrator of physical abuse against another
child, N.R.R. The report stated: (a) on April 1, 2015, Father was indicated
as a perpetrator of physical abuse against his biological child, N.R.R. (born
December 2011); (b) N.R.R. suffered severe burning/scalding to her hands,
which left permanent scarring and possible deformity; and (c) N.R.R.’s
injuries were consistent with someone forcibly holding N.R.R.’s hand under
scalding water. So, CYS filed a motion on November 3, 2016, for a finding
of aggravated circumstances against Father. CYS attached the CY-48 report
to its motion for the court’s consideration. At the January 30, 2017 hearing,
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Ms. Curcio summarized the content of the CY-48 report and stated, inter
alia, that N.R.R. suffered severe burning/scalding to her hand, which left
permanent scarring, possible deformity, and constituted serious bodily
injury. The record supports Ms. Curcio’s position that Father was
responsible for the physical abuse of N.R.R. Thus, we conclude the court
reasonably found aggravated circumstances against Father. See 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 6302.
Regarding Father’s challenge to the Juvenile court’s dispositional order,
we observe the court was well within its discretion to discontinue
reunification efforts between Father and Child after the court found
aggravated circumstances against Father. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(e); In
re M.S., supra; In re A.H., supra.
To the extent Father complains on appeal that CYS did not timely file
its motion for a finding of aggravated circumstances against Father and/or
give Father notice of the motion, Father waived these issues for appeal. See
Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (stating: “Issues not raised in the lower court are waived
and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal”); Commonwealth v.
Castillo, 585 Pa. 395, 403, 888 A.2d 775, 780 (2005) (holding issues not
raised in Rule 1925(b) statement are waived on appeal); In re L.M., 923
A.2d 505 (Pa.Super. 2007) (applying those Rule 1925 waiver standards in
family law context). Moreover, the record belies Father’s contentions. The
record makes clear CYS discovered the CY-48 report on November 3, 2016,
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after it learned of Father’s paternity on October 28, 2016. CYS timely filed
its motion for a finding of aggravated circumstances against Father on
November 3, 2016, well within the 21-day allotted timeframe. See 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 6334(b)(2). Additionally, the court’s January 9, 2017 order
confirmed CYS provided Father with notice of the aggravated circumstances
hearing. Further, Ms. Curcio testified at the January 30, 2017 hearing that
CYS provided Father with notice of the hearing. Accordingly, we affirm.
Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/18/2017
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