Com. v. Davis, K.

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
KEVIN DAVIS :
:
Appellant : No. 2606 EDA 2021
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered November 19, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-1006341-1977
BEFORE: BOWES, J., McCAFFERY, J., and SULLIVAN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED AUGUST 22, 2022
Kevin Davis appeals the November 19, 2021 order denying his petition
for relief pursuant to the Post-Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). We affirm.
The factual background of this case was previously summarized by the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court, as follows:
At approximately [4] a. m. on May 8, 1977, Appellant was sitting
in a taxicab he had stolen the previous evening, waiting for the
victim, Gerald Kramer, Appellant's former employer, outside
Kramer's store at 17th Street and Belfield Avenue in Philadelphia.
When Kramer left his store, Appellant shot him twice from inside
the cab with a twelve-gauge sawed-off shotgun, causing Kramer's
death. Appellant left Philadelphia the next day, spending the next
several months in North Carolina, Georgia and Virginia. He
returned to Philadelphia on September 9, 1977, and was arrested
in his mother's home on outstanding warrants for Kramer's
murder and the earlier robbery of Kramer's store, . . . on
September 10, 1977.
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Commonwealth v. Cargo, 444 A.2d 639, 640 (Pa. 1982) (“Cargo”) (cleaned
up).1/2 Ultimately, Appellant provided inculpating statements to police and
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1 Appellant alternatively is known as both “Kevin Davis” and “Kevin Cargo.”
2 Appellant’s birthdate falls in January 1958. Thus, he was nineteen years
old at the time of the events in Commonwealth v. Cargo, 444 A.2d 639,
640 (Pa. 1982) (“Cargo”). The docket number associated with these
proceedings is CP-51-CR-1006341-1977 (“Docket No. 6341”). Separately,
Appellant was convicted of a different homicide in parallel criminal
proceedings. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Davis, 421 A.2d 179 (Pa. 1980)
(“Davis”); Commonwealth v. Davis, 47 A.3d 1241 (Pa.Super. 2012)
(unpublished memorandum at 10), allowance of appeal denied, 51 A.3d 837(Pa. 2012). Specifically, Appellant was convicted of killing a man named Frank
Johnson on June 7, 1975, i.e., when Appellant was still a juvenile. See Davis,
supra at 180. The docket number associated with these proceedings is CP-
CR-1006371-1977 (“Docket No. 6371”). The two cases were not consolidated.
These two cases are procedurally related due to post-conviction claims
Appellant raised concerning an alleged plea agreement with the
Commonwealth, under which he “would waive his right to a jury trial in the
1977 murder of Gerald Kramer and plead guilty to the other open homicide
charge for the 1975 murder of Frank Johnson.” In exchange, the
Commonwealth would “certify that the murder in the Johnson case would not
rise above third degree and the sentence imposed would run concurrently with
the sentence in the Kramer case, if Appellant was found guilty of that charge.”
See Commonwealth v. Kevin Davis a/k/a Kevin Cargo, 3070
Philadelphia 1993, at *2 (Pa.Super. Nov. 1, 1994). This deal never came to
fruition. Appellant was convicted at both docket numbers and consecutive life
sentences were imposed by the respective trial courts. On appeal, this Court
affirmed the denial of Appellant’s claims for relief concerning this alleged plea
deal. Id. at *7. Thereafter, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied
Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal and Appellant unsuccessfully
pursued a habeas corpus petition in federal court.
Our review has revealed that there is some confusion in the record
regarding the docket numbers associated with these two cases. Specifically,
Appellant has submitted a number of PCRA petitions concerning his juvenile
status under Docket No. 6371 that erroneously lists Docket No. 6341, which
has resulted in at least one memorandum of this Court that repeats the same
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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was convicted of first-degree murder and possession of an instrument of crime
in a non-jury trial. He was sentenced to an aggregate term of life
imprisonment followed by a consecutive term of two and one-half to five years
of incarceration. Appellant filed a direct appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court, which affirmed his judgment of sentence on April 23, 1982.3 Id. at
647. Appellant did not seek allowance of appeal in the United States Supreme
Court, and his time in which to do so expired sixty days later on June 22,
1982. See U.S. Sup. Ct. R. 20(1).4 Appellant’s sentence became final for the
purposes of the PCRA that same day. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3).
Thereafter, Appellant filed several petitions for collateral relief between 1993
and 2007, which were all denied.
On October 22, 2015, Appellant submitted the instant, pro se PCRA
petition claiming that he had received allegedly exculpatory correspondence
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mistake. See Davis, supra at 179-80 (erroneously referring to Docket No.
6341). Regardless, our review of the record and the public docket confirms
that the instant appeal arises pursuant to a PCRA petition filed at Docket No.
6341, i.e., Appellant’s conviction for the murder of Gerald Kramer committed
on May 8, 1977. Accordingly, we will focus upon the issues germane to that
case.
3 Pursuant to a since-amended version of 42 Pa.C.S. § 722(1), the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court had jurisdiction over appeals “from a finding of
guilty of a felonious homicide, where the appeal was filed before November
22, 1980.” Commonwealth v. Jones, 460 A.2d 739, 740 (Pa. 1983).
4 As of January 11, 1999, the timeliness of petitions for a writ of certiorari in
the United States Supreme Court is governed by U.S. Sup. Ct. R. 13(1), which
provides for a ninety-day period of time in which to file a petition.
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from a heretofore unknown witness named Diane Robinson, who claimed to
have seen events relevant to this matter sometime in 1977. See PCRA
Petition, 10/22/15, at ¶¶ 14-22. Specifically, this letter was mailed to
Appellant as part of a flyer campaign seeking information regarding his
conviction. The letter from Ms. Robinson provides, in its entirety, as follows:
Dear Mr. Davis,
My name is Diane Robinson. While I was waiting to get my hair
done[,] I found a flyer between the pages of a magazine I was
reading with your name and address. It talked about a cab fire,
and I remember a [sic] incident that involved a cab fire during
that time.
In 1977, I was stranded in a house at the corner of 17 th and
Ruscomb St, right across from Logan School. I called a friend
name [sic] Cheyenne and around about 4 am or just a little after
4 am he picked me up.
As he pulled out from where he had parked, he almost ran into a
cab that cut him off. Crazy Nut and Little Rick was driving the
cab. They stopped on 19th Street between Albanus and Sulis
Streets and Cheyenne pulled right up behind them. Nut got out
and said something to Cheyenne. While they were talking[,] Little
Rick drove the cab into the alleyway of Albanus and Sulis Streets
and set it on fire. Both of them left in Nut’s truck when Little Rick
came out the alleyway. Cheyenne took me home. I told my
boyfriend and he told me to mind my business. If this [sic] what
you’re referring too [sic], you can reach me at:
[ADDRESS OMITTED]
If not, sorry I couldn’t be of help.
Good luck.
Id. at Exhibit 1 (letter dated September 29, 2015, with postmarked envelope).
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Appellant claimed that this evidence “establishes that Ms. Robinson
observed the men who fled the scene of the shooting and destroyed evidence,”
which did not include Appellant. Id. at ¶¶ 22-23. Thus, he argued that this
evidence was exculpatory and would “vindicate” him at a new jury trial. Id.
at ¶ 24. Appellant also contended that this letter satisfied the timeliness
exception to the PCRA for newly discovered facts at 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(1)(ii) and had been timely raised pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(2). For reasons that are not clear from the certified record, no
further action was taken for nearly five years.
On September 17, 2021, the PCRA court filed notice of its intent to
dismiss the PCRA petition without a hearing pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907.
Specifically, the PCRA court concluded it was untimely and that Appellant had
not properly invoked the newly discovered facts exception at § 9545(b)(1)(ii).
See Order, 9/17/21, at 2. Appellant filed a timely response arguing that the
PCRA court had taken too harsh of a view with respect to this timeliness
exception. On November 19, 2021, the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s
PCRA petition. This timely appeal followed.5
Appellant has raised a single issue for our consideration:
1. Did the PCRA court [err] in denying Appellant’s [PCRA]
petition as untimely filed when Appellant established that his
after-discovered facts claim was within the plain language of the
timeliness exception set forth at 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii) and
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5 No practice pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) took place in this matter,
although the PCRA court did file an opinion pursuant to Rule 1925(a).
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section 9545(b)(2), by not complying with the jurisdictional
requirements as mandated in ruling on timeliness?
Appellant’s brief at 1. In any case, we must assess the timeliness of this PCRA
petition prior to addressing its underlying merits. See Commonwealth v.
Lawson, 90 A.3d 1, 4 (“The timeliness of a PCRA petition is a jurisdictional
threshold and may not be disregarded in order to reach the merits of the
claims raised in a PCRA petition that is untimely.”). In reviewing this matter,
“[t]his Court is limited to determining whether the evidence of record supports
the conclusions of the PCRA court and whether the ruling is free of legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Diaz, 183 A.3d 417, 421 (Pa.Super. 2018).
As noted above, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on
June 12, 1982, when his time in which to petition for a writ of certiorari in the
United States Supreme Court expired. Thus, the instant petition is facially
untimely by over thirty-three years. Nonetheless, Appellant has invoked one
of the timeliness exceptions to the PCRA, which provides as follows:
(b) Time for filing petition.—
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second
or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the
date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges
and the petitioner proves that:
....
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence;
....
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(2) Any petition invoking an exception provided in
paragraph (1) shall be filed within sixty days of the date the
claim could have been presented.[6]
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)-(2). Our Supreme Court has provided the following
guidance on assessing the applicability of this statutory provision:
[T]he exception set forth in subsection (b)(1)(ii) does not require
any merits analysis of the underlying claim. Rather, “the
exception merely requires that the ‘facts’ upon which such a claim
is predicated must not have been known to appellant, nor could
they have been ascertained by due diligence.” Commonwealth
v. Lambert, 884 A.2d 848, 852 (Pa. 2005). Therefore, our
opinion in Lambert indicated that the plain language of
subsection (b)(1)(ii) is not so narrow as to limit itself to only
claims involving “after-discovered evidence.” Rather, subsection
(b)(1)(ii) has two components, which must be alleged and proved.
Namely, the petitioner must establish that: (1) “the facts upon
which the claim was predicated were unknown,” and (2) “could
not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.” 42
Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii) (emphasis added). If the petitioner
alleges and proves these two components, then the PCRA court
has jurisdiction over the claim under this subsection.
Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1271–72 (Pa. 2007) (cleaned
up; emphases in original). In this context, “[d]ue diligence requires
reasonable efforts by a petitioner, based on the particular circumstances, to
uncover facts that may support a claim for collateral relief, but does not
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6 At the time Appellant filed the underlying petition in this matter, the PCRA
provided that petitioners invoking a timeliness exception had to file a petition
“within 60 days of the date the claim could have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(2). Thereafter, the General Assembly amended the PCRA to
increase this time period to one year effective as of December 24, 2018.
Accordingly, we will evaluate Appellant’s petition pursuant to the sixty-day
standard that was in force when it was filed.
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require perfect vigilance or punctilious care.” Commonwealth v. Hart, 199
A.3d 475, 481 (Pa.Super. 2018).
With this legal guidance in mind, we are constrained to conclude that
the PCRA court erred in concluding that Appellant’s PCRA petition was
untimely. Read together, Appellant’s PCRA petition and Ms. Robinson’s letter
evinces that Ms. Robinson’s eyewitness testimony was unknown to Appellant
at the time of his trial. There is no indication that Ms. Robinson’s identity and
statements were otherwise known to Appellant or discoverable prior to his
receipt of this letter. Indeed, we discern that this information only came to
light after Appellant distributed leaflets in the community seeking potential
witnesses, thereby demonstrating the requisite reasonable efforts towards
due diligence on his part. Thereafter, Appellant filed a petition raising this
exception within the sixty-day window provided by § 9545(b)(3) at the time.
Accordingly, we find that Appellant’s PCRA petition satisfies the timeliness
exception at 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii). See Bennett, supra at 1271-72.
However, our review does not end there. We are mindful that this Court
“may affirm the decision of the PCRA court if there is any basis on the
record . . . even if we rely on a different basis in our decision to affirm.”
Commonwealth v. Pou, 201 A.3d 735, 740 (Pa.Super. 2018) (emphasis
added); see also Commonwealth v. Wholaver, 177 A.3d 136, 145 (Pa.
2018) (“[T]his Court may affirm a valid judgment or order on any reason
appearing as of record.”). In its order dismissing Appellant’s petition, the
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PCRA court also concluded that the evidence proffered by Ms. Robinson was
not exculpatory and, therefore, would not merit any relief under the PCRA:
Even assuming [Appellant] met the requirements to overcome the
time bar, no relief would be due, because [Appellant] failed to
show that the information provided by Ms. Robinson would be
exculpatory. . . . Taking the allegations in Ms. Robinson’s letter
as true, it only establishes that she witnessed two people on an
unknown date set a cab on fire in the area near the murder.
However, it does not address the shooting for which [Appellant
was] convicted, and therefore, would not likely compel a different
verdict.
Order, 9/17/21, at 2 n.1. We agree.
To obtain relief under the PCRA on an after-discovered evidence claim,
a petitioner must demonstrate that his conviction resulted from “[t]he
unavailability at the time of trial of exculpatory evidence that has subsequently
become available and would have changed the outcome of the trial if it had
been introduced.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(vi). In reviewing the propriety of
an order pertaining to PCRA relief, “we consider the record in the light most
favorable to the prevailing part at the PCRA level.” Diaz, supra at 421.
Instantly, the letter from Ms. Robinson does not speak to any aspect of
Appellant’s conviction for the murder of Gerald Kramer. As the trial court
aptly explains, at best, this writing establishes only that Ms. Robinson
witnessed two men identified only as “Crazy Nut” and “Little Rick” lit a taxicab
on fire in the general vicinity of the murder on an undisclosed date sometime
in 1977. Simply stated, this information is not exculpatory and, consequently,
would not have altered the outcome of this case. The mere fact that third
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parties committed arson in the same year and area of the city as the shooting
does nothing to cast doubt upon Appellant’s conviction for homicide. Thus,
Appellant is not entitled to relief. Accord 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(vi) (setting
standard for eligibility for relief as to a defendant’s claim that their conviction
stemmed from the unavailability of “exculpatory” evidence that would have
changed the outcome of the proceedings at trial).
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/22/2022
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