Com. v. Thomas, S.

J-S16011-21
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SHELTON THOMAS :
:
Appellant : No. 1510 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered July 7, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0002707-2014
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED JULY 07, 2021
Appellant, Shelton Thomas, appeals pro se from the post-conviction
court’s order denying his timely petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief
Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. On appeal, Appellant avers that his
trial counsel acted ineffectively, and that the PCRA court erred by denying his
petition without an evidentiary hearing. After careful review, we affirm.
The Commonwealth aptly summarized the facts and procedural history
of Appellant’s case, as follows:
[Appellant] swindled $95,000 out of an elderly man, Raymond
Campbell, by impersonating the District Attorney of Philadelphia
and other officials. [Appellant] and Mr. Campbell lived in the same
Philadelphia neighborhood, and Mr. Campbell paid [Appellant] …
to cut his grass. In June 2011, [Appellant] falsely told Mr.
Campbell, then 90 [years old], that he had been charged with
illegal dumping for tossing grass clippings into a dumpster across
the street. [Appellant] told Mr. Campbell that this fabricated
violation obligated him to pay fines and court costs and asked Mr.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Campbell to reimburse him. Mr. Campbell, feeling responsible
since the grass clippings came from his yard, obliged. N.T.[,]
2/12/15, [at] 4–6; [N.T.,] 6/22/15, [at] 11–12, 14.
From June 2011 to February 2014, [Appellant] repeatedly asked
Mr. Campbell for money to cover court fees and other costs that
all supposedly arose from this single instance of illegal dumping.
[Appellant] would call Mr. Campbell, pretend to be a local official—
frequently R. Seth Williams, the District Attorney of Philadelphia
at the time—and ask for money. [Appellant] then called Mr.
Campbell as himself and arranged to pick up the money on the
porch of Mr. Campbell’s house, purportedly on behalf of
who[m]ever he pretended to be on the preceding phone call.
[Appellant] called Mr. Campbell one to two times per week. Mr.
Campbell would awake at 5:30 a.m. to take a train to an ATM to
withdraw the necessary cash. [Appellant] conned a total of
approximately $95,000 from Mr. Campbell over a nearly three-
year period. Mr. Campbell liquidated his retirement account and
maxed out cash advances on three credit cards to meet
[Appellant]’s requests. N.T.[,] 2/12/15, [at] 4–6;[N.T.,] 6/22/15,
[at] 12–13, 14–16.
[Appellant’s] scheme came to an end in February 2014, after Mr.
Campbell’s nephew realized what [Appellant] was doing and
contacted police. Officers arrested [Appellant] and interviewed
him. [Appellant] confessed to making up the illegal dumping
violation, to using it to manipulate Mr. Campbell into giving him
cash, and to repeatedly impersonating public officials on phone
calls to perpetrate the scam. N.T.[,] 3/7/14, [at] 21–34; [N.T.,]
6/22/15, [at] 34–35.
On March 7, 2014, the Municipal Court of Philadelphia held a
preliminary hearing for [Appellant]. Mr. Campbell testified,
explaining how [Appellant] defrauded him. The officer who
interviewed [Appellant] read [Appellant’s] confession to the court.
With respect to the criminal trespass charge, the court ruled that
the Commonwealth had made out a prima facie case of criminal
trespass because the evidence showed that [Appellant] entered
Mr. Campbell’s porch under false pretenses and, thus, through
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“subterfuge.” See 18 Pa.C.S. § 3503(a)(1)(i);[1] N.T.[,] 3/7/14,
[at] 4–19, 21–34, 38–39, 43.
On February 12, 2015, [Appellant] [pled] guilty to criminal
trespass, theft by deception, theft by extortion, identity theft, and
impersonating a public servant. At the hearing’s outset, [the trial
court] confirmed with [Appellant] that he had finished high school,
that he could read, write, and understand English, that he was not
under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and that he was satisfied
with his attorney. After a summary of the facts describing
[Appellant’s] criminal conduct, [Appellant] entered his non-
negotiated plea. The court also granted [Appellant’s] request to
speak. N.T.[,] 2/12/15, [at] 3–6. [Appellant] said, “I would like
to apologize for what I have done. [Mr. Campbell] was like a
grandfather to me. There wasn’t no reason for me to act that way
to him.” Id. at 6–7.
[Appellant] also signed a written guilty plea colloquy. In it, he
hand[-]wrote the charges to which he [was] plead[ing] guilty, the
maximum prison sentence of 16[½] to 33 years[’ incarceration]
he faced, and the fact he entered an open guilty plea. By signing
the written colloquy, [Appellant] represented that he [was]
plead[ing] guilty willingly and voluntarily, that his counsel
provided him satisfactory representation, and that he understood
he was sacrificing various rights and defenses by pleading guilty—
including having a trial in which he would have the opportunity to
present evidence. Id. at 1–3. On the final page, [Appellant]’s
trial counsel certified that [Appellant] had read the written
colloquy and understood it. Id. at 4.
Four months later, the trial court held [Appellant’s] sentencing
hearing. Mr. Campbell testified again. He described [Appellant’s]
fraudulent scheme, the amount of money he lost, the difficulty of
repeatedly awaking early in the morning to reach an ATM, and the
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1 Section 3503(a)(1)(i) defines criminal trespass as follows: “A person
commits an offense if, knowing that he is not licensed or privileged to do so,
he … enters, gains entry by subterfuge or surreptitiously remains in any
building or occupied structure or separately secured or occupied portion
thereof….” 18 Pa.C.S. § 3503(a)(1)(i). While the word “subterfuge” is not
explicitly defined by the statute, Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines it as “a
deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade[.]”
Merriam-Webster, http://merriam-webster.com (last visited June 8, 2021).
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ongoing fear of legal consequences and financial ruin. [Appellant]
elected to exercise his right of allocution. He apologized to Mr.
Campbell, to Mr. Campbell’s nephews, and to [former] D.A.
Williams. N.T.[,] 6/22/15, [at] 8–16, 26–27, 29. He stated that
his con of Mr. Campbell “just got too deep. And then, when I
realized what was happening to me, I said, ‘No, this got to stop.’
… I know I have to pay the consequence for what I did.” Id. at
32.
The trial court sentenced [Appellant] to the maximum aggregate
prison term of [16½] to [33] years[’ incarceration]. [Appellant]
filed a timely post-sentence motion asking the trial court to
reconsider his sentence, which the trial court denied. [Appellant]
appealed[, challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence,]
and this Court affirmed on December 30, 2016. Commonwealth
v. Thomas, 159 A.3d 1018 (Pa. Super. 2016) ([unpublished
memorandum]).
[Appellant] filed a pro se PCRA petition on November 6, 2017, and
then filed an amended petition, also pro se, on July 6, 2018. In
the amended petition, [Appellant] listed four issues, all claiming
trial counsel was ineffective for inducing him to plead guilty, and
requested an evidentiary hearing. Amended Pro Se Petition,
[7/6/18,] at 3, 6–7. [Appellant] did not include an affidavit from
trial counsel, evidence of his efforts to contact trial counsel, or any
other evidence supporting his claim. He identified only Mr.
Campbell as a potential witness, alleging that Mr. Campbell would
exonerate him by testifying that he expected [Appellant’s] visits
to his house to pick up the cash. Id. at 2–3. As [Appellant] noted,
id. at 2, Mr. Campbell relayed this fact at both the preliminary
hearing and sentencing. See N.T.[,] 3/7/14, [at] 8–9, 11–12;
[N.T.,] 6/22/15, [at] 14–15. [Appellant] now appears to consider
this evidence to undermine all of his convictions, but in his initial
pro se petition, he mentioned it in regard to criminal trespass only.
See Pro Se Petition, [11/6/17,] at 7.
[Appellant] received appointed PCRA counsel who subsequently
filed a “no merit” letter pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner,
544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550
A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988). PCRA counsel noted that she
requested[,] but never received[,] documentation supporting
[Appellant’s] claim. The PCRA court issued two notices of intent
to dismiss the petition without a hearing pursuant to Pennsylvania
Rule of Criminal Procedure 907. [Appellant] did not respond to
either notice. The PCRA court formally dismissed [Appellant]’s
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PCRA petition on July 6, 2020, and granted PCRA counsel’s motion
to withdraw. This appeal, taken by [Appellant] pro se, followed.
Commonwealth’s Brief at 2-7 (parentheses and some citations to the record
omitted).
Appellant timely complied with the PCRA court’s order to file a Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. The PCRA court
filed its Rule 1925(a) opinion on October 2, 2020. Herein, Appellant states
three issues for our review:
A. Whether Appellant’s [g]uilty [p]lea was involuntary,
unknowing[,] and unintelligent because it was induced by trial
counsel over and [sic] existing record of bold, exculpatory
evidence of [A]ppellant’s actual innocence?
B. Whether the PCRA [c]ourt erred by denying relief based upon
the assertion that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
properly investigate the case, [and] in failing to interview [a]
potential exculpatory alibi witness?
C. Whether the PCRA [c]ourt erred in dismissing Appellant’s PCRA
petition without holding an evidentiary hearing to determine
whether trial counsel was ineffective?
Appellant’s Brief at 3.
First, “[t]his Court’s standard of review from the grant or denial of post-
conviction relief is limited to examining whether the lower court’s
determination is supported by the evidence of record and whether it is free of
legal error.” Commonwealth v. Morales, 701 A.2d 516, 520 (Pa. 1997)
(citing Commonwealth v. Travaglia, 661 A.2d 352, 356 n.4 (Pa. 1995)).
Where, as here, a petitioner claims that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel, our Supreme Court has stated that:
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[A] PCRA petitioner will be granted relief only when he proves, by
a preponderance of the evidence, that his conviction or sentence
resulted from the “[i]neffective assistance of counsel which, in the
circumstances of the particular case, so undermined the truth-
determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or
innocence could have taken place.” Generally, counsel’s
performance is presumed to be constitutionally adequate, and
counsel will only be deemed ineffective upon a sufficient showing
by the petitioner. To obtain relief, a petitioner must demonstrate
that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficiency
prejudiced the petitioner. A petitioner establishes prejudice when
he demonstrates “that there is a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding
would have been different.” … [A] properly pled claim of
ineffectiveness posits that: (1) the underlying legal issue has
arguable merit; (2) counsel’s actions lacked an objective
reasonable basis; and (3) actual prejudice befell the petitioner
from counsel’s act or omission.
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 966 A.2d 523, 532-33 (Pa. 2009) (citations
omitted).
Appellant’s first two issues are related and will be addressed together.
Appellant contends that his trial counsel failed to adequately investigate his
case before advising him to plead guilty. Specifically, he avers that counsel
ineffectively failed to interview the victim, Mr. Campbell. Appellant claims that
Mr. Campbell would have been “willing to offer truthful testimony that he (Mr.
Campbell) was …. aware that Appellant was coming to visit him[,] and that
Appellant had not committed a crime on his ([Mr. Campbell’s]) property….”
Appellant’s Brief at 11. Appellant argues that Mr. Campbell’s potential
testimony constituted “bold, exculpatory evidence of Appellant’s actual
innocence.” Id. at 12. He insists that, had counsel interviewed Mr. Campbell
and advised Appellant “regarding defenses that [were] available” based on
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Mr. Campbell’s testimony, “Appellant would never have plead [sic] guilty to
the offenses for which he was wrongly accused….” Id. at 14. Therefore,
Appellant concludes that his counsel’s ineffective assistance caused him to
enter a guilty plea that was involuntary, unknowing, and unintelligent.
Appellant’s claim lacks arguable merit. Initially, Appellant does not
discuss how Mr. Campbell’s proposed testimony would have exonerated him
of any of the charges he faced. According to the Commonwealth, “Mr.
Campbell had no exculpatory evidence to offer.” Commonwealth’s Brief at 13.
It explains:
As the complaining witness and victim of [Appellant’s] crimes, Mr.
Campbell offered highly incriminating testimony at [Appellant’s]
preliminary hearing and sentencing by detailing how [Appellant]
defrauded him. N.T.[,] 3/7/14, [at] 4–20; [N.T.,] 6/22/15, [at]
8–16. Mr. Campbell’s statement that he consented to
[Appellant’s] visiting him at his home when [Appellant] came to
pick up the fruits of his fraud does not alter [Appellant’s] legal
jeopardy in any respect. It is irrelevant to most of his convictions.
And, as the [m]unicipal [c]ourt … explained, [Appellant] could still
be guilty of criminal trespass by unlawfully entering Mr.
Campbell’s property through false pretenses, constituting trespass
by “subterfuge.” N.T.[,] 3/7/14, [at] 38–39; see 18 Pa.C.S. §
3503(a)(1)(i). Since Mr. Campbell’s testimony did not exculpate
[Appellant], and in light of [Appellant’s] comprehensive confession
to police, trial counsel was not ineffective for encouraging
[Appellant] not to waste the trial court’s time with a meritless
defense. See Commonwealth v. Robinson, 82 A.3d 998, 1005
(Pa. 2013) (“[C]ounsel obviously cannot be deemed ineffective for
failing to raise a meritless claim.”).
Commonwealth’s Brief at 13-14 (parentheses omitted).
We agree with the Commonwealth. Appellant gained entry into Mr.
Campbell’s home by subterfuge, as Appellant deceived Mr. Campbell into
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believing he was there to pick up money to pay legal costs that Appellant had
wholly fabricated. Accordingly, Appellant did not have a valid defense to
criminal trespass, or any of his other offenses, based on Mr. Campbell’s
prospective testimony. Thus, counsel did not act ineffectively by failing to
advise Appellant about this meritless defense before Appellant pled guilty.
In Appellant’s third issue, he claims that the court erred by not
conducting an evidentiary hearing in this case. Appellant argues that without
a hearing, the court could not determine what specific advice his counsel
provided him about the plea, how much time counsel spent consulting with
Appellant, and “whether the alleged exculpatory witness[, i.e., Mr. Campbell,]
was available and willing to testify on Appellant’s behalf.” Appellant’s Brief at
16.
For the reasons set forth supra, it is obvious that Mr. Campbell’s
testimony would not have exonerated Appellant and, therefore, counsel was
not ineffective for failing to pursue this meritless defense. Consequently, a
hearing was not warranted to discern if Mr. Campbell would have been willing
and able to testify on Appellant’s behalf. Moreover, Appellant does not
specifically identify what other allegedly ineffective advice his counsel gave
him about his plea, or how the time counsel spent with him was inadequate.
Accordingly, he has failed to “show that he raised a genuine issue of fact
which, if resolved in his favor, would have entitled him to relief, or that the
court otherwise abused its discretion in denying a hearing.” Commonwealth
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v. Maddrey, 205 A.3d 323, 328 (Pa. Super. 2019) (quoting Commonwealth
v. Hannible, 30 A.3d 426, 452 (Pa. 2011)).
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/7/2021
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