Haire v. Ellis

THIS OPINION HAS NO PRECEDENTIAL VALUE. IT SHOULD NOT BE
CITED OR RELIED ON AS PRECEDENT IN ANY PROCEEDING
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY RULE 268(d)(2), SCACR.
THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
In The Court of Appeals
Tiffany B. Haire, Respondent,
v.
Tracey D. Ellis, Appellant.
Appellate Case No. 2018-002063
Appeal From Marlboro County
Michael S. Holt, Family Court Judge
Unpublished Opinion No. 2021-UP-318
Submitted June 1, 2021 – Filed September 8, 2021
REVERSED
Jason Scott Luck, of Luck VI Ltd. Co. d/b/a Jason Scott
Luck, Attorney at Law, of Bennettsville, for Appellant.
Tiffany B. Haire, of Bennettsville, pro se.
PER CURIAM: Tracey Ellis (Appellant), a North Carolina resident, appeals the
order of the family court allowing Tiffany Haire (Respondent) visitation with
Appellant's minor child (Child) pursuant to a previous agreement between the
parties. We reverse the family court's finding that South Carolina retained
jurisdiction in this matter.1
FACTS/PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Appellant and Respondent were in a relationship for multiple years. During the
relationship, Appellant gave birth to Child in 20092 and Respondent and Appellant
parented Child together. In 2016, the relationship ended and the parties signed a
Custody and Visitation Agreement (the 2016 Agreement). The 2016 Agreement
stated that Respondent was "important" in Child's life, that she had filed for joint
custody, and that she was seeking to be designated as a psychological parent. The
2016 Agreement stated:
[the parties] desire to work out an agreement, wherein
they agree that [Respondent] can have certain visitation
privileges; and . . . both parties feel that it is in the best
interest of the child for this matter to be amicably
resolved; and . . . the parties understand that this
agreement resolves the issues of custody and visitation
which can be changed by any further change of
circumstances.
The 2016 Agreement provided that Appellant was the custodial parent of Child and
set forth a visitation schedule for Respondent. It also stated that Respondent would
pay child support according to the South Carolina Child Support Guidelines. The
2016 Agreement did not designate Respondent as a psychological parent of Child.
In April 2017, the family court issued a Consent Order Closing Case (the 2017
Order). The parties signed the 2017 Order, which defined the case it was closing
as the 2016 action filed by Respondent, in which she alleged she was the
psychological parent of Child and requested custody and visitation. The 2016
action resulted in the 2016 Agreement. The 2017 Order stated the 2016
Agreement was a temporary order. The 2017 Order stated the parties could "re-file
an action at a future time" and stated "both parties agree that under the present
circumstances it is not in the best interest of the parties or [Child] for a formal and
1
We decide this case without oral argument pursuant to Rule 215, SCACR.
2
The record reflects that "no person has claimed to be the biological father of
[Child]."
structured visitation arrangement to take place." The 2017 Order stated the action
was "voluntarily dismissed without prejudice, with either party to have the right to
file a future action, should either party feel it necessary." The 2017 Order further
stated the child support set forth in the 2016 Agreement was dismissed and all
arrearage forgiven.
The parties came before the family court in June 2018 for a hearing on
Respondent's pro se summons and complaint for visitation. At the beginning of the
hearing, Appellant disputed the family court's jurisdiction because Child resided in
North Carolina. The record shows the family court questioned the parties about
the circumstances of the 2017 Order and, based on that discussion, determined
South Carolina retained jurisdiction under the 2016 Agreement.
In awarding visitation to Respondent, the family court's order stated that, although
Appellant and Child had resided in North Carolina for over one year, Marlboro
County was the proper venue because the family court had previously addressed
the issue of custody and visitation relating to Child. The court noted that the 2016
Agreement was valid, and Respondent was granted visitation (with minor
modifications) according to the order. In its Order denying Appellant's motions to
reconsider and to stay the case, the family court again found Appellant and Child
had resided in North Carolina for over a year, but handwrote on the order that they
"spend significant time in S.C. which includes at least every weekend."
ISSUE ON APPEAL3
Did the family court err in failing to dismiss the case for lack of jurisdiction?
STANDARD OF REVIEW
"In appeals from the family court, this [c]ourt reviews factual and legal issues de
novo." Simmons v. Simmons, 392 S.C. 412, 414, 709 S.E.2d 666, 667 (2011).
3
Appellant also argues Respondent does not have standing to seek visitation with
Child because there has been no judicial finding that Respondent is a psychological
parent or de facto custodian. Because we find the family court did not have
jurisdiction, we need not reach this issue. See Futch v. McAllister Towing of
Georgetown, Inc., 335 S.C. 598, 613, 518 S.E.2d 591, 598 (1999) (stating an
appellate court need not review remaining issues when its determination of a prior
issue is dispositive of the appeal).
Thus, the appellate court has the authority to find the facts in accordance with its
own view of the preponderance of the evidence. Lewis v. Lewis, 392 S.C. 381,
384, 709 S.E.2d 650, 651 (2011). The appellant bears the burden of convincing the
appellate court that the family court committed error or that the preponderance of
the evidence is against the court's findings. Id. at 392, 709 S.E.2d at 655.
LAW/ANALYSIS
Appellant argues the 2017 Order ended the previous case and Respondent's pro se
action for visitation is a new action. Because Respondent's new action for
visitation was filed in South Carolina and Child had resided in North Carolina for
more than a year before the commencement of the action, Appellant contends the
family court did not have jurisdiction over Respondent's new action. We agree.
"Subject matter jurisdiction is 'the power to hear and determine cases of the general
class to which the proceedings in question belong.'" Dove v. Gold Kist, Inc., 314
S.C. 235, 237-38, 442 S.E.2d 598, 600 (1994) (quoting Bank of Babylon v. Quirk,
472 A.2d 21, 22 (Conn. 1984)). A court without subject matter jurisdiction does
not have authority to act. Id. at 238, 442 S.E.2d at 600. "A judgment of a court
without subject-matter jurisdiction is void." Coon v. Coon, 364 S.C. 563, 566, 614
S.E.2d 616, 617 (2005).
The 2017 Order was not appealed, and therefore constitutes the law of the case.
See McAleese v. McAleese, 309 S.C. 548, 551, 424 S.E.2d 558, 559-60 (Ct. App.
1992) (noting that "[o]f great importance to th[e] decision [was] the fact that . . .
orders . . . were not appealed and constitute the law of th[e] case"). "[W]here an
agreement has been merged into a court[']s decree, the decree, to the extent
possible, should be construed to effect the intent of both the judge and the parties."
Messer v. Messer, 359 S.C. 614, 628, 598 S.E.2d 310, 318 (Ct. App. 2004).
We find that, under the clear terms of the 2017 Order, Appellant and Respondent
agreed to end Respondent's right to visitation and obligation of child support,
thereby invalidating the 2016 Agreement that the family court relied on here. The
parties agreed they were free to file "future" actions for visitation or child support.
The 2017 Order unambiguously refers to the case it ends as the 2016 action (which
produced the 2016 Agreement). The 2017 Order contemplated that any further
actions would be new, separate actions for visitation or child support. Therefore,
the matter was ended by the 2017 Order of the family court, and there is no basis
for continuing jurisdiction.
Further, South Carolina would not have jurisdiction in a new action because the
record shows that Appellant and Child resided in North Carolina as of the date of
the filing of Respondent's pro se action.4 Appellant told the family court that she
and Child had lived in North Carolina for more than a year. There was testimony
that Child attends school in North Carolina. Appellant's weekend trips to visit her
mother in South Carolina that the family court referred to in the order denying
reconsideration do not diminish the importance of her North Carolina residency in
the context of a new action.
Because we find the 2017 Order ended Respondent's original action for custody
and visitation, and the present visitation action is a new case, we find the family
court erred in finding it had jurisdiction. Accordingly, the order of the family court
is
REVERSED.
LOCKEMY, C.J., and HUFF and HEWITT, JJ., concur.
4
Under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act,
[A] court of this State has jurisdiction to make an initial
child custody determination only if:
(1) this State is the home state of the child on the date of
the commencement of the proceeding, or was the home
state of the child within six months before the
commencement of the proceeding and the child is absent
from this State, but a parent or person acting as a parent
continues to live in this State.
S.C. Code Ann. § 63-15-330(A)(1) (Supp. 2010).