McLaren v. Sufficool

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2015 S.D. 19IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF THE
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
* * * *
DONALD MCLAREN, in his capacity
as the personal representative of
the Estate of Karla McLaren, Plaintiff and Appellant,
v.
WESLEY SUFFICOOL, D.O., Defendant and Appellee.
* * * *
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT
OF THE SEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT
PENNINGTON COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA
* * * *
HONORABLE CRAIG A. PFEIFLE
Judge
* * * *
JAMES D. LEACH
Rapid City, South Dakota Attorney for plaintiff
and appellant.
LONNIE R. BRAUN
GREGORY J. BERNARD of
Thomas, Braun, Bernard & Burke, LLP
Rapid City, South Dakota Attorneys for defendant
and appellee.
* * * *
CONSIDERED ON BRIEFS
ON NOVEMBER 17, 2014
OPINION FILED 04/08/2015
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GILBERTSON, Chief Justice
[¶1.] The Estate of Karla McLaren (Estate) appeals an order denying
disbursements for video depositions in a medical malpractice action against Dr.
Wesley Sufficool. We reverse and remand.
Facts and Procedural History
[¶2.] Estate brought a medical malpractice action against Dr. Sufficool in
connection with a surgery performed on Karla McLaren. During trial, Estate
showed portions of video depositions of Dr. Sufficool and of Karla’s treating
physician, Dr. Grant. The verdict was for Estate. Estate sought $2,135.26 in
disbursements for video depositions of Drs. Sufficool, Grant, and Fitzgibbons. 1 Dr.
Sufficool objected based upon the duplication of costs in producing both transcribed
and video depositions. A hearing was held. At the close of the hearing, the circuit
court granted Estate the transcript costs for the depositions, but not the
videographer or video costs. An order denying disbursements for the video
depositions was filed on March 3, 2014. Estate appeals. 2
Issue
[¶3.] Whether the circuit court abused its discretion in denying
Estate disbursements for the video depositions.
[¶4.] This Court “‘review[s] an award of disbursements under an abuse of
discretion standard.’” Fix v. First State Bank of Roscoe, 2011 S.D. 80, ¶ 32, 807
1. Dr. Fitzgibbons was Dr. Sufficool’s expert.
2. An order as to disbursements is separately appealable from the judgment.
See Nelson v. Nelson Cattle Co., 513 N.W.2d 900, 905-06 (S.D. 1994) (“An
appeal may be taken from the judgment without appealing taxation of
[disbursements] and an appeal from taxation of [disbursements] may be
taken without appealing the judgment.”).
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N.W.2d 612, 621 (quoting Behrens v. Wedmore, 2005 S.D. 79, ¶ 69, 698 N.W.2d 555,
581). An abuse of discretion “is a fundamental error of judgment, a choice outside
the range of permissible choices, a decision, which, on full consideration, is arbitrary
or unreasonable.” Thurman v. CUNA Mut. Ins. Soc’y, 2013 S.D. 63, ¶ 11, 836
N.W.2d 611, 616 (quoting State v. Lemler, 2009 S.D. 86, ¶ 40, 774 N.W.2d 272, 286)
(internal quotation marks omitted). Estate argues that the circuit court abused its
discretion in denying its request for disbursements for the video depositions of Drs.
Sufficool, Grant, and Fitzgibbons.
[¶5.] Estate asserts that videographer fees are similar to transcript and
court reporter fees and, therefore, disbursements for those fees may be granted
under SDCL 15-17-37:
The prevailing party in a civil action or special proceeding
may recover expenditures necessarily incurred in
gathering and procuring evidence or bringing the matter
to trial. Such expenditures include costs of telephonic
hearings, costs of telephoto or fax charges, fees of
witnesses, interpreters, translators, officers, printers,
service of process, filing, expenses from telephone calls,
copying, costs of original and copies of transcripts and
reporter’s attendance fees, court appointed experts, and
other similar expenses and charges. These expenditures
are termed “disbursements” and are taxed pursuant to §
15-6-54(d).
[¶6.] “[E]xpense of taking depositions” is not listed under this statute as it
was under a previous version of the disbursements law. See DeHaven v. Hall, 2008
S.D. 57, ¶ 43, 753 N.W.2d 429, 442-43 (quoting SDCL 15-17-4 (1989)). 3 Moreover,
3. DeHaven outlines the development of South Dakota law on disbursements,
particularly since the statutes in this area were significantly revised in 1992.
continued . . .
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this Court recognized a “restrictive interpretation” of the disbursements statute in
DeHaven, concluding:
[T]he prevailing party in a civil action may recover
necessary expenditures “incurred in gathering and
procuring evidence or bringing the matter to trial” and
“other similar expenses and charges” if these
expenditures, expenses and charges are of the same
general kind as the . . .
costs of telephone hearings, costs of telephoto
or fax charges, fees of witnesses,
interpreters, translators, officers, printer,
service of process, filing, expenses from
telephone calls, copying, costs of original and
copies of transcripts and reporter’s
attendance fees, court appointed experts[.]
2008 S.D. 57, ¶¶ 50-52, 753 N.W.2d at 444-45 (quoting SDCL 15-17-37).
[¶7.] Although “expense of taking depositions” is not listed under SDCL 15-
17-37, “costs of original and copies of transcripts and reporter’s attendance fees” are
listed. Therefore, those aspects of deposition expenses are expressly covered by the
statute. Videographer fees for recording depositions are also not listed under the
statute. Thus, the question becomes whether such expenses are “of the same
general kind” as “costs of . . . transcripts and reporter’s attendance fees” for
depositions. Id.[¶8.] A similar question arose in Morrison v. Reichhold Chems., Inc., 97 F.3d
460 (11th Cir. 1996). In that case, the court considered whether video depositions
. . . continued
DeHaven has subsequently been relied upon in Fix, 2011 S.D. 80, ¶ 33, 807
N.W.2d at 621 and Hewitt v. Felderman, 2013 S.D. 91, ¶ 30, n.10, 841 N.W.2d
258, 266 n.10.
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were a taxable cost under a statute allowing an award for “‘fees of the court reporter
for all or any part of the stenographic transcript necessarily obtained for use in the
case.’” Id. at 464 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1920(2)). 4 Noting that the federal rules (i.e.,
Fed. R. Civ. P. 29(1), 30(b)(2), and 30(b)(3)) permitted alternative means of taking
depositions, the court concluded:
In view of Rule 29(1), which allows depositions to be
recorded in any number of ways, the most logical
conclusion is that “a videotaped deposition is more
appropriately taxed as is any other deposition expense.”
Jamison v. Cooper, 111 F.R.D. 350, 352 (N.D. Ga. 1986);
see Commercial Credit Equip. Corp. v. Stamps, 920 F.2d
1361, 1368 (7th Cir. 1990) (stating that “[v]ideotaped
depositions are a necessary and time effective method of
preserving witnesses’ time and allocating precious court
and judicial time in this age of advanced court technology
and over-crowded court calendars. We must not seem
reluctant to adopt any and all time-saving methods that
serve to improve our system of justice”).
Morrison, 97 F.3d at 465. 5
[¶9.] The South Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure also provide for alternative
means of taking depositions. See SDCL 15-6-29 (permitting depositions to be taken
“in any manner” upon stipulation); SDCL 15-6-30(b)(4) (permitting depositions to be
4. It is notable that in its review in Morrison, the Eleventh Circuit, similar to
this Court in DeHaven, insisted on “strict adherence to the language of” the
cost statutes that it was considering. 97 F.3d at 465.
5. See also Cherry v. Champion International Corporation, 186 F.3d 442, 448-49
(4th Cir. 1999) (“Even though [28 U.S.C. § 1920] does not make explicit
mention of costs associated with videotaping a deposition, we agree with the
Tenth Circuit’s conclusion that ‘section 1920(2) implicitly permits taxation of
the costs of video depositions.’” (citing Tilton v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., 115
F.3d 1471, 1477 (10th Cir. 1997); Morrison, 97 F.3d at 464-65; Fed. R. Civ. P.
30(b)(2)).
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“recorded by sound, sound-and-visual, or stenographic [or non-stenographic] means
[.]”). Therefore, following the rationale of Morrison 6, we hold that videographer fees
for recording depositions are “of the same general kind” as “costs of . . . transcripts
and reporter’s attendance fees” for depositions. DeHaven, 2008 S.D. 57, ¶ 52, 753
N.W.2d at 445 (quoting SDCL 15-17-37). Accordingly, those fees may be awarded as
disbursements under SDCL 15-17-37 if they meet that statute’s other requirements.
[¶10.] For expenses to be awarded as disbursements under SDCL 15-17-37,
they must be “necessarily incurred in gathering and procuring evidence or bringing
the matter to trial.” Further, even if expenses may be awarded as disbursements
under SDCL 15-17-37, other statutes “give considerable discretion in denying
recoverable disbursements[.]” DeHaven, 2008 S.D. 57, ¶ 52, 753 N.W.2d at 445
(citing Full House, Inc. v. Stell, 2002 S.D. 14, ¶ 25, 640 N.W.2d 61, 67). See also
Culhane v. Michels, 2000 S.D. 101, ¶ 33, 615 N.W.2d 580, 590 (“SDCL 15-17-52
allows a court to ‘limit the taxation of disbursements in the interests of justice.’”);
SDCL 15-6-54(d)(1) (“Except as otherwise provided by statute, costs and
disbursements, other than attorney’s fees, shall be allowed as of course to the
prevailing party unless the court otherwise directs.” (Emphasis added)).
[¶11.] Estate argues that the video depositions were necessary for
impeachment purposes at trial and that the transcribed depositions were necessary
6. Because the state rules on depositions are modeled after the federal rules,
“decisions by federal courts interpreting and applying the federal rule[s]
provide[ ] assistance in applying our state rule[s].” Kaiser v. University
Physicians Clinic, 2006 S.D. 95, ¶ 38, 724 N.W.2d 186, 196 (citing Miller v
Hernandez, 520 N.W.2d 266, 269 (S.D. 1994)).
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to make the video depositions usable. After a hearing on this issue, the circuit court
commented: “[M]y take is that the video portion of the depositions are taken for the
parties’ convenience, they’re not items that are necessary to bring the matter to
trial and, as a result, would not be considered to be items that would otherwise be
allowable under the statute[.]”
[¶12.] The circuit court’s ambiguous oral comments on the issue of necessity
are insufficient to permit meaningful review of the issue on appeal. The circuit
court made no findings specific to the facts of this case and concluded that the
statute did not allow the recovery of disbursements for the video depositions. This
ruling makes sense in light of the fact that this case presents an issue of first
impression. However, in Morrison, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, after
similarly concluding that the case presented an issue of first impression, remanded
to the trial court “for further findings on the necessity of the video copying costs
that [the defendant] contends are taxable.” 97 F.3d at 465. Accordingly, we also
remand to allow the circuit court to make the same factual determination here.
[¶13.] Reversed and remanded.
[¶14.] ZINTER, SEVERSON, and WILBUR, Justices, and KONENKAMP,
Retired Justice, concur.
[¶15.] KERN, Justice, not having been a member of the Court at the time this
action was assigned to the Court, did not participate.
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