Coke v. Commissioner

Agnes Pyne Coke, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent

Coke v. Commissioner

Docket No. 25822

United States Tax Court

17 T.C. 403; 1951 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 87;

September 24, 1951, Promulgated

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">*87 Decision will be entered under Rule 50.

Certain legal expenses claimed by petitioner as ordinary and necessary nonbusiness expenses deductible under section 23 (a) (2), I. R. C., held, not deductible from gross income but capital expenditures insofar as allocable to recovery of title to property, but, held, deductible from gross income under section 23 (a) (2) insofar as paid or incurred for the production or collection of income.

John N. Jackson,">*88 Esq., for the petitioner.

J. Marvin Kelley, Esq., for the respondent.

Johnson, Judge.

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JOHNSON

">*404 Respondent determined a deficiency for the calendar year 1945 in the amount of $ 20,890.13. Petitioner claims an overpayment. The sole issue is whether petitioner is entitled to deduct, in whole or in part, certain attorneys' fees and costs as "non-trade or non-business expenses" under section 23 (a) (2), Internal Revenue Code. The facts have been stipulated.

FINDINGS OF FACT.

Petitioner is an individual with her residence in Dallas, Texas. Her return for the year here involved was filed with the collector of internal revenue for the second district of Texas, at Dallas. Petitioner kept her books on a calendar year and cash basis.

Petitioner and her former husband, John R. McLean, being separated and contemplating a divorce, entered into a property settlement agreement dated October 18, 1943, by the terms of which he gave her his written agreement to pay her $ 20,000 and his promissory note for $ 75,000 and she released her interest in all property he had at the time, be it separate or community. At all times material hereto petitioner and her former husband were ">*89 domiciled in the State of Texas. Petitioner thereafter sued for a divorce which was granted by the District Court in Dallas County, Texas, on December 24, 1943, and in the decree the property settlement agreement was confirmed.

Petitioner later discovered that 24,570 shares of stock and 8,000 options of Southern Aircraft Corporation standing in John R. McLean's name and acquired during their marriage and which he had at the time of the property settlement, were community property, but that in making such settlement they had been treated as McLean's separate property. At the time of such discovery petitioner was the wife of Ronald Hudson.

Petitioner by written agreement dated June 22, 1945, employed Hamilton, Hamilton, Turner & Hutchison, attorneys at Dallas, Texas, to institute suit against her former husband to set aside, because of fraudulent inducement, the property settlement and that part of the divorce decree which purported to confirm it and "for an accounting as to community property accumulated during the previous marriage between the said Agnes Pyne Hudson and the said J. R. McLean, as well as for an accounting as to any moneys due or owing to the said Agnes Pyne Hudson">*90 by the said J. R. McLean." Petitioner agreed with the above attorneys to bear all costs of such suit, to pay them a retainer of $ 15,000 and a contingent fee of 30 per cent of any moneys and properties recovered after payment of costs of suit and retainer. Suit was filed shortly thereafter, the prayer for relief asking, in part, that the property settlement and that part of the divorce decree which purported to confirm it be set aside, and:

">*405 * * * that the Court hear and determine the property rights as between Plaintiff and Defendant, that a full accounting as between Plaintiff and Defendant be had, and that Plaintiff recover all properties now in the possession of Defendant, or any other person, firm or corporation, to which she may show herself to be justly entitled, and that she have judgment against the Defendant for all sums of money shown to be due to her hereunder; * * *.

On October 16, 1945, petitioner, after extensive investigation and negotiation respecting her claim, entered into a compromise agreement with John R. McLean, whereby he admitted that the above 24,570 shares of stock and 8,000 options of Southern Aircraft Corporation were community property, of which">*91 petitioner owned one-half, and it was therein agreed that the stock certificates and options, which were in McLean's name, be placed in escrow with the Republic National Bank of Dallas, along with various documents mentioned in the agreement, and that all such stock be sold at $ 16 per share and the options at $ 12.50 each, and that the proceeds of sale, less transfer stamp taxes, be disbursed by the above bank and the documents delivered, as provided in the agreement. The agreement provided that if the sale was not consummated, the agreement should be void and not constitute any admission by either party. The first paragraph of the agreement was as follows:

There is now pending in the 116th District Court of Dallas County, Texas, Cause No. 92,065-F on the docket of said court in which Second Parties are plaintiffs and First Party is defendant. In said cause there are involved various issues between the Second Parties and the First Party, and included therein are issues between said parties as to the rights and title of First Party and Second Party, respectively in and to the 24,570 shares of Class A Common Stock of Southern Aircraft Corporation, a Texas corporation, standing in">*92 the name of First Party, and the options hereinafter referred to held by First Party for the purchase of 8,000 shares of the stock of said company. In addition to the issues between the parties hereto in said cause, there are other issues, claims and demands, as more fully dealt with hereinafter in this agreement.

The contemplated sale was thereupon made pursuant to the terms of the compromise agreement, and on or about October 31, 1945, the above $ 75,000 note and release of liability executed by petitioner were delivered to McLean and a release of liability executed by McLean was delivered to petitioner, and from the proceeds of the sale petitioner received from the bank for the sale of her half interest in the stock and options the sum of $ 246,560, less $ 1,302.80 for stamp taxes. The original total cost to petitioner of the stock and options sold was $ 61,425, being $ 5 per share for the stock and no cost for the options. Final judgment was thereupon entered in the pending suit on October 31, 1945, finding that the stock and options in question were community property of petitioner and McLean, that sale thereof had been made and the proceeds distributed.

">*406 During the">*93 calendar year 1945, petitioner, in connection with the foregoing litigation, paid the following amounts:

Hamilton, Hamilton, Turner & Hutchison and William
Jaffe, Attorneys	$ 92,897.61
Davidson & McCarty	3,014.05
Barrow, Wade & Guthrie, Accountants	1,605.75
Court Reporter	1,050.00
Telephone calls	67.40
Miscellaneous expenses	2,002.46
Total	$ 100,637.27

These amounts so paid by petitioner in connection with the litigation were reasonable.

OPINION.

Petitioner contends that the amount of $ 100,637.27 paid by her in 1945 for attorneys' fees and other costs incident to a suit against her former husband, John R. McLean, is deductible in full as an "ordinary and necessary" expense paid for the "production or collection of income," within the meaning of section 23 (a) (2), I. R. C. Respondent has determined that such expenditure is not a deductible expense under section 23 (a) (2) but has treated it as part of the cost of the stock and options sold under a compromise of the above-mentioned litigation. Petitioner contends in the alternative that the above expenses should be apportioned by adding to the cost of the stock and options sold the portion of the expenses">*94 allocable to the recovery of title and by allowing as a deduction from gross income under section 23 (a) (2) the portion allocable to the production or collection of income.

It has long been settled that expenses incurred in protecting title to property are not deductible but are to be treated as capital expenditures. Jones' Estate v. Commissioner (C. A. 5, 1942), 127 F.2d 231, affirming 43 B. T. A. 691; Murphy Oil Co. v. Burnet (C. A. 9, 1932). 55 F.2d 17, affirming 15 B. T. A. 1195, affirmed on other issues, 287 U.S. 299">287 U.S. 299; Regulations 111, section 29.24-2. The rule has not been altered by the amendment, under section 121 of the Revenue Act of 1942, of section 23 (a) of the Code, extending deductibility to certain nonbusiness expense. Bowers v. Lumpkin (C. A. 4, 1944), 140 F.2d 927, certiorari denied 322 U.S. 755">322 U.S. 755; James C. Coughlin, 3 T.C. 420. Expenses incurred in recovering title to property are similarly nondeductible and similarly">*95 constitute capital expenditures. Helvering v. Stormfeltz (C. A. 8, 1944), 142 F.2d 982; Regulations 111, section 29.23 (a)-15 (b).

Petitioner engaged counsel and brought suit against her former husband, John R. McLean, the facts show, upon discovering that ">*407 24,570 shares of stock and 8,000 options of Southern Aircraft Corporation, standing in her former husband's name and acquired during their marriage, were community property but had been treated as McLean's separate property when a property settlement was being made between the couple prior to their divorce. At the time of such discovery petitioner and McLean had been divorced and petitioner had remarried. The complaint in the suit filed by petitioner asked in part "that Plaintiff recover all properties now in the possession of Defendant, or any other person, firm or corporation, to which she may show herself to be justly entitled, and that she have judgment against the Defendant for all sums of money shown to be due to her hereunder." The suit was settled under a compromise agreement providing that the above 24,570 shares of stock and 8,000 options of Southern Aircraft Corporation">*96 were community property of which petitioner owned one-half, and further providing that the above stock and options be sold. The stock and options were sold and petitioner received as her share of the proceeds the sum of $ 246,560. (The original cost to petitioner of the stock and options sold was $ 61,425.) The contract between petitioner and her attorneys provided that she pay the costs of suit and that they receive a retainer of $ 15,000 and 30 per cent of the moneys and properties recovered, after payment of costs of suit and retainer.

The events leading up to the suit, the wording of the complaint, and the compromise agreement wherein petitioner's title was recognized clearly indicate, we think, that a part of the legal expenses here in question were incurred by petitioner in recovering title to property, i.e., to one-half of 24,570 shares of stock and 8,000 options of Southern Aircraft Corporation. To the extent, then, that the legal expenses here in question were incurred by petitioner to recover her basis and cost in property consisting of the above stock and options, we hold that such expenses constitute capital expenditures, not deductions from gross income.

The remainder">*97 of the legal expenses in question, however, we think unquestionably are deductible from gross income under section 23 (a) (2), as petitioner contends. That section provides that there shall be allowed as deductions as nontrade or nonbusiness expenses "all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year for the production or collection of income." Respondent determined that petitioner realized long term capital gain from the sale of the above-mentioned stock and options of Southern Aircraft Corporation. Respondent's own regulations provide that "the term 'income' for the purpose of section 23 (a) (2) * * * is not confined to recurring income but applies as well to gains from the disposition of property," Regulations 111, section 29.23 (a)-15 (a), such as were ">*408 realized here. Similarly, Regulations 111, section 29.23 (a)-15 (b) provides that "expenditures incurred in defending or perfecting title to property, in recovering property (other than investment property and amounts of income which, if and when recovered, must be included in income), * * * constitute a part of the cost of the property and are not deductible expenses." The plain">*98 inference of this language is that expenditures incurred in recovering "amounts of income which, if and when recovered, must be included in income," as here, are deductible expenses.

Respondent, however, contends that "the suit for which the fees were paid was not instituted to recover income and no income was in fact recovered." We have already pointed out that the complaint in the suit filed by petitioner asked not only for the recovery of properties "to which she may show herself to be justly entitled" but also "that she have judgment against the Defendant for all sums of money shown to be due to her hereunder." We think that the phrase "all sums of money * * * due to her" is sufficiently broad to include the capital gain here realized by petitioner. Nor do we see how respondent can contend that "no income was in fact recovered" when he himself has determined that petitioner realized capital gain, i.e., income, which but for the suit filed and the compromise thereof she would never have realized.

Nor is there any question but that such income was collected through the efforts of petitioner's attorneys within the meaning of section 23 (a) (2). Certainly, their contingent fees ">*99 were computed on the total recovery, which included that income. It has been stipulated that the fees and expenses here in question were reasonable. We hold on the facts before use that they were also both "ordinary and necessary." (Section 23 (a) (2).)

Petitioner relies principally on the case of Margery K. Megargel, 3 T.C. 238, to support her contention that the legal expenses here in question are deductible in full from gross income. In that case, however, this Court in effect upheld the taxpayer's right to offset against capital gain from the sale of stock legal expenses of a type similar to those incurred here. The present allocation was apparently not called for in that case.

We conclude that petitioner's alternative contention must be sustained, i.e., that the expenses here in question should be apportioned by capitalizing the portion allocable to the recovery of title and by allowing as a deduction from gross income under section 23 (a) (2) the portion allocable to the production or collection of income. There is ample precedent for apportioning legal expenses between deductible and nondeductible items. Helvering v. Stormfeltz, supra;">*100 Barbara B. LeMond, 13 T.C. 670; William F. Falls, 7 T.C. 66; Estate of ">*409 , 4 T.C. 349, affd. (C. A. 9, 1945) 151 F.2d 534; Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr., 2 T.C. 1128, affd. (C. A. 8, 1945) 146 F.2d 1, certiorari denied 324 U.S. 871">324 U.S. 871; Kimbrell v. Dallman, 80 F. Supp. 695">80 F. Supp. 695; Edmunds v. United States, 71 F. Supp. 29">71 F. Supp. 29. The facts show, as we have noted, that the basis of petitioner's stock and options was $ 61,425 and that she received proceeds from their sale amounting to $ 246,560. We hold that 61,425/246,560 of the $ 100,637.27 in legal fees and costs here in question is allocable to the recovery of capital and therefore constitutes an addition to the cost of the stock and options sold, not a deduction from gross income. We hold that the remainder of the $ 100,637.27 in legal fees and costs is allocable to the production or collection of capital gain, i. e., income, and is deductible">*101 from petitioner's gross income.

Decision will be entered under Rule 50.