King v. Commissioner

Estate of Willis L. King, Jr., Mellon National Bank & Trust Co., Executor, Petitioner, v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Respondent

King v. Commissioner

Docket No. 30907

United States Tax Court

18 T.C. 414; 1952 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 182;

May 28, 1952, Promulgated

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Decision will be entered under Rule 50.

Estate Tax -- Gross Estate -- Interest on Series G Savings Bonds. -- Interest on United States savings bonds, Series G, is payable only at the end of 6 months' periods after issue, and no interest is payable on redemption between interest payment dates. Bonds are redeemable upon the death of a holder thereof. Held, that upon the death of a holder of bonds between interest payment dates no amount is to be included in the gross estate as accrued interest on such bonds.

William S. Marshall, Esq., for the petitioner.

George C. Lea, Esq., for the respondent.

Arundell, Judge.

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ARUNDELL

OPINION.

The respondent determined a deficiency in estate tax in the amount of $ 41,204.22. The parties have stipulated that only the amount of $ 698.29 is in controversy. That amount results from the respondent's inclusion in the gross estate of interest on United States savings bonds, Series G, computed for the period between the last interest payment date before the date of death and the date of death. The propriety of such inclusion is the only issue. The facts have all been stipulated and are found as stipulated.

Willis L. King, Jr., died on October 14, 1946. His executor elected to value the estate as of the date of death. The estate tax return was filed on January 9, 1948, with the collector of internal revenue for the twenty-third district of Pennsylvania. The return disclosed a net estate for basic estate tax and additional estate tax purposes.

At the date of death, the decedent owned United States savings bonds, Series G, in the principal amount of $ 325,000. The principal amount was included in the decedent's estate tax return. The amounts of the bonds, arranged by due dates, the dates of issue, and the interest thereon as computed by the respondent, are as follows:

				Interest computed
Amount		Due date	Issue date	by respondent
(a)	$ 21,400	Jan. 1, 1954	Jan. 1, 1942	$ 153.07
(b)	78,600	Sept. 1, 1954	Sept. 1, 1942	234.71
(c)	30,000	Jan. 1, 1955	Jan. 1, 1943	214.58
(d)	25,000	Apr. 1, 1955	Apr. 1, 1943	22.57
(e)	45,000	Dec. 1, 1956	Dec. 1, 1944	415.62
(f)	50,000	Nov. 1, 1957	Nov. 1, 1945	565.97
(g)	50,000	Dec. 1, 1957	Dec. 1, 1945	461.81
(h)	25,000	Mar. 1, 1958	Mar. 1, 1946	73.65
	$ 325,000			$ 2,141.98

The amount of $ 2,141.98 computed by the respondent as interest is the amount that he determined to be interest for the period from the interest payment date immediately preceding the date of the decedent's death to the date of death.

With the exception of the $ 25,000 principal amount of bonds listed under (h) in the above schedule, the executor of the estate has collected interest on all of the bonds for the periods which began on the last interest date preceding the decedent's death and ended following his death.

No interest was received with respect to the $ 25,000 principal of bonds dated March 1, 1946, and listed under (h) above. Those bonds were forwarded to the Federal Reserve Bank for redemption at par on December 31, 1946, and the proceeds of redemption were received by the executor on February 3, 1947.

Interest collected by the estate on the remaining Series G bonds was reported in its fiduciary income tax return for the period beginning October 1, 1946, and ending September 30, 1947.

United States savings bonds, Series G, are current income savings bonds. Each such bond bears interest at a specified rate computed on the face amount of the bond and payable semiannually, beginning 6 months from the issue date. ^{*416 last day of the interest period preceding the date of redemption. The Treasury Department Circular gives the following example: *186 notice of intention to redeem at par." section 811 of the Internal Revenue Code.}

Section 811 of the Code requires the inclusion in the value of a decedent's gross estate of the value of all property (except realty outside the United States) --

* * * To the extent of the interest therein of the decedent at the time of his death * * * .

Under this provision of the Code, the ultimate question is whether the interest computed on the Series G bonds between the last interest payment date and the date of the decedent's death was an "interest" that constituted "property" under the above Code provision. Many kinds of property interests have been held includible in decedents' estates under Code section 811 and corresponding provisions of Revenue Acts prior to the enactment of the Code. They have included such items as accrued interest, William G. Frank, Administrator, 6 B. T. A. 1071, accrued rents, E. S. Heller, et al., Executors, 10 B. T. A. 53, the value of a claim for refund of Federal income tax, Bank of California v. Commissioner, 133 F.2d 428">133 F. 2d 428. See John F. Degener, Jr., et al., Executors, 26 B. T. A. 185, and cases therein cited. On the other hand, nothing was includible in a decedent-employee's gross estate by reason of the existence of a profit sharing arrangement which became null and void upon his death even though the employer later paid to his estate his share of profits earned by the employer before the employee's death. United States Trust Co. of N. Y., et al., Executors, 9 B. T. A. 514.

As we see it, the answer to the question turns upon whether or not at the date of death there was accrued something that could be considered a property right which was transferred from the dead to the living at the time of death. The Federal estate tax is basically "an excise tax upon the transfer of an estate upon death of the owner. * * * What this law taxes is not the interest to which the legatees and devisees succeeded on death, but the interest which ceased by reason of the death." Young Men's Christian Ass'n v. Davis, 264 U.S. 47">264 U.S. 47, Edwards v. Slocum, 264 U.S. 61">264 U.S. 61. The interest of the decedent in the principal of the bonds ceased by reason of his death and that has been treated as a part of his estate for estate tax purposes. Beyond that he had no interest and could not have until the expiration of 6 months after the interest due date immediately preceding the date of his death. If he or his estate turned the bonds in for redemption before the expiration of the full 6 months' period, no right to interest ever attached to the bonds nor accrued to the holder. It is not a case of something that in the affirmative sense ceased upon death, but rather in the negative sense never attached. This is pointed up by the fact that in this case the executor presented for redemption $ 25,000 face amount of bonds as to which the last interest date prior to death was September 1, 1946, and such bonds were redeemed at par, and without inclusion in the redemption price of any amount for interest that would have been payable had the bonds been held until the next interest payment date, March 1, 1947.

In 1950, the respondent issued an unpublished ruling in which he held that in the case of the death of the holder of Series G bonds between interest payment dates, an amount representing interest computed to the date of death should be included in the decedent's gross estate. The ruling recognizes that in such cases interest computed to the date of death "is not available as of such date" but concludes that "nevertheless, the right to such interest is considered to be a valuable right apart from the right to receive the principal of the obligation and is includible in the gross estate * * *."

We have pointed out above that at the date of death, between interest payment dates, there was no right to such interest. In order for the right to interest ever to come into existence, the bond had to be held until the next interest payment date; it was not in existence at the date of death. Accrual imports the "right to receive." Spring City Foundry Co. v. Commissioner, 292 U.S. 182">292 U.S. 182. Here there was no right at date of death that would support an accrual. "The estate so far as may be is settled as of the date of the testator's death." Ithaca Trust Co. v. United States, 279 U.S. 151">279 U.S. 151. At that date, the decedent had no right to any interest on the bonds and no interest thereon passed to others by reason of his death.

The respondent erred in including in the gross estate any amount on account of interest on the Series G bonds.

Decision will be entered under Rule 50.

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Footnotes

• 1. Sections 315.19, 315.21; Treasury Department Circular No. 530, February 13, 1945.↩

• 2. Section 315.21 (a), Id.↩

• 3. Section 315.21 (d), Id.↩

• 4. Section 315.23 (c), Id. The words "at par" are italicized in Circular No. 530.↩