DocketNumber： Docket No. 18212
Citation Numbers： 13 T.C. 645, 1949 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 56
Judges： Opper
Filed Date： 10/25/1949
Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 11/14/2024
*56
Reconstruction of base period income by use of results of business for last month of base period, relied on by petitioner in claiming relief from excess profits tax,
*645 This proceeding involves the correctness of the determinations of respondent disallowing petitioner's applications for relief for the calendar years 1943 and 1944 under
Relief was also sought under*57
The facts were presented by a stipulation and evidence adduced at the hearing. Those facts hereinafter appearing which are not from the stipulation are otherwise found from the record.
FINDINGS OF FACT.
The stipulated facts are hereby found accordingly.
Petitioner, a Michigan corporation, was incorporated January 15, 1915, with a paid-in capital of $ 5,000. Its Federal tax returns for *646 the years in question were filed on an accrual basis with the collector of internal revenue for the district of Michigan, at Detroit.
Petitioner was incorporated for the purpose of engaging in the general cafeteria business. During most of its existence and during all of the base period years, with the exception of the months of November and December, 1939, it was located on the second floor of a building on the southeast corner of Woodward Avenue and Clifford Street in downtown Detroit, its entrance being on Clifford Street. Petitioner operated a self-service cafeteria on these premises, with a seating capacity for 100 patrons.
*58 Effective September 1, 1939, petitioner leased a building at 1550 Woodward Avenue in downtown Detroit for a period of 10 years and 4 months. This building was remodeled to house a self-service cafeteria on the main floor, with an entrance on Woodward Avenue. A balcony was added, making additional space available for cafeteria customers, who carried their own trays up from the serving counters on the first floor. The new cafeteria had a seating capacity for 265 patrons. The third floor of the building was remodeled into a dining room, with bar and waitress service, and had a seating capacity for 135 patrons. Petitioner began operations at 1550 Woodward Avenue in November 1939.
Petitioner's profit and loss statements for the years 1936 through 1939 are as follows:
*59| PROFIT AND LOSS, BASE PERIOD | ||||
| 1938 | 1939 | |||
| Sales | $ 77,819.74 | $ 93,366.79 | ||
| Expenses | ||||
| Food cost | $ 30,176.13 | $ 36,420.26 | ||
| Labor | 16,342.01 | 21,729.31 | ||
| General expenses | 582.27 | 790.54 | ||
| Laundry | 2,518.26 | 3,254.96 | ||
| Advertising | 483.93 | 1,346.69 | ||
| Refrigeration | 114.81 | 101.83 | ||
| Janitor supplies | 693.71 | 730.61 | ||
| Beer and fountain | ||||
| expense | ||||
| Gas | 1,541.80 | 1,765.44 | ||
| Elevator service | 69.00 | |||
| Light and power | 1,857.55 | 2,625.60 | ||
| Telephone and | ||||
| telegraph | 172.59 | 271.46 | ||
| Taxes | 559.05 | 632.03 | ||
| Insurance | 623.67 | 540.06 | ||
| Paper | 133.99 | 434.36 | ||
| Paint | 84.59 | 67.58 | ||
| Flowers and music | 142.40 | 135.83 | ||
| Legal | 350.00 | |||
| Stationery and office | 133.84 | 102.11 | ||
| Repairs | 1,063.35 | 654.64 | ||
| Exploitation (sic) | 150.00 | 182.84 | ||
| Rent | 6,214.01 | 5,760.13 | ||
| Office salaries | 420.00 | 725.90 | ||
| Management salaries | 11,604.24 | 11,458.00 | ||
| Depreciation | 2,058.02 | 2,895.00 | ||
| Moving expense | 232.13 | |||
| Total | 77,670.22 | 93,276.31 | ||
| 149.52 | 90.48 | |||
| Net income | 284.79 | 142.20 | ||
*647 Petitioner's balance sheets for 1936 through 1939 disclose the following: *60
| 12/31/36 | 12/31/37 | 12/31/38 | 12/31/39 | |
| ASSETS | ||||
| Cash | $ 250.00 | $ 1,801.67 | ||
| Insurance claim | 2,597.11 | |||
| Inventory | 643.36 | $ 400.85 | $ 367.55 | 1,968.79 |
| Equipment | 39,069.87 | 24,766.97 | 24,832.99 | 29,982.24 |
| Prepaid expenses | 449.38 | 485.25 | 522.99 | 2,724.45 |
| 1550 Woodward, equipment, etc | 106,242.16 | |||
| Total | 40,412.61 | 25,653.07 | 25,723.53 | 145,316.42 |
| LIABILITIES | ||||
| Accounts payable | 60,557.91 | |||
| Bank overdraft | 973.06 | 2,350.87 | 160.19 | |
| Loans payable | 53,956.55 | |||
| Accruals | 2,237.02 | |||
| Reserve for depreciation | 27,299.71 | 10,670.15 | 12,728.17 | 15,623.17 |
| Capital stock | 5,000.00 | 5,000.00 | 5,000.00 | 5,000.00 |
| Capital surplus | 59,215.55 | 59,215.55 | 59,215.55 | 59,215.55 |
| Surplus (red) | (52,826.22) | (52,149.09) | (51,665.17) | (51,415.98) |
| Profit and loss current year | 750.51 | 565.59 | 284.79 | 142.20 |
| Total | 40,412.61 | 25,653.07 | 25,723.53 | 145,316.42 |
Petitioner is entitled on the invested capital basis to excess profits credits as follows:
| 1940 | $ 7,460.69 |
| 1941 | 8,158.69 |
| 1942 | 10,237.82 |
| 1943 | 11,296.53 |
| 1944 | 11,551.34 |
On September 15, 1943, petitioner filed with respondent on Form 991 an application*61 for 1942 for relief under
It is not possible for the taxpayer prior to September 16, 1943, to obtain, prepare, and present all the detailed information required to establish its eligibility for relief and the amount of its constructive average base period net income and, therefore, such information will be submitted within a reasonable time after the filing of this application as a supplement to the application, pursuant to the provisions of Section 30.722-5 (a) (1) of Regulations 109.
In schedule B of the application petitioner checked paragraph 4 as the reason it was claiming the excess profits tax was excessive and discriminatory. The introductory portion of that paragraph reads as follows:
4. The business of the taxpayer was commenced or there was a change in the character of the business immediately prior to or during the base period (
On June 3, 1944, petitioner filed with respondent on Form 991 an amended application for 1942 for relief under
* * * It is our belief that a gross business of $ 420,000 should be the lowest to be used, as this business came along with this company about two years after the change became effective, and considering that this volume of business should have been expected to have been the business if the change had been effected two years before it did. With this gross of business the cost of*63 goods would have been $ 260,000 and the expenses of business would have been $ 140,000 with a net income of $ 20,000.
This net income of $ 20,000 figured on a 95% basis would give us an excess profits credit of $ 19,000. Using this credit with the gross profits of the year 1942, there would have been no excess profits taxable income for the year 1942.
On June 5, 1944, petitioner filed with respondent on Form 991 an application for 1943 for relief under
On June 2, 1945, petitioner filed with respondent on Form 991 its application for 1944 for relief under
Exhibit with form 991 showing computation of excess profits tax by using E. P. credit based on constructive base income for calendar year 1944.
| Excess Profits Net income per return | $ 55,675.68 | |
| Specific Exemption | $ 10,000.00 | |
| Ex P. Credit per constructive base period | 19,000.00 | |
| 29,000.00 | ||
| Adjusted E. P. net income | 26,675.68 | |
| 95 per cent of above | 25,341.90 |
Petitioner filed with respondent claims for refund of its excess profits tax for 1943 and 1944 on Form 843. On the claim for 1943 the reasons stated by petitioner in support of the claim were as follows:
*649 Pursuant to application for relief under
This is to correct an excessive and discriminatory tax as disclosed by the original return.
On the claim for refund for 1944 the reasons stated by petitioner in support of the claim were as follows:
Pursuant to application for relief under
At the hearing and in its brief petitioner in reconstructing its base period net income took the sales shown on its books for the month of December 1939, in the amount of $ 24,922.36, its expenses, similarly appearing, of $ 22,008.38, and the resultant net profit of $ 2,953.33, and multiplied each by 12 to obtain total theoretical sales of $ 299,068.32 for the full year 1939, theoretical costs for the 12 months totaling $ 264,096.96, and the difference, $ 34,971.36, which petitioner claimed as its theoretical net profit for 1939.
Petitioner in computing its reconstructed average base period net income took its actual sales for 1939 in the amount of $ 93,366.79 as 100 per cent and then took the percentage of the actual sales for 1936 in the amount of $ 85,781.55 to the actual sales of 1939 -- the resulting percentage figure being approximately 91 per cent. This percentage figure was then applied to the theoretical profit for 1939 in the amount of $ 34,971.36 and a theoretical profit for 1936 of $ 32,131.69 was arrived at.
For 1937, by the same process, petitioner computed its sales as 108.48 per cent of its actual 1939 sales, which percentage*66 figure when applied to the 1939 theoretical profit, resulted in its claim to a theoretical profit in 1937 of $ 37,936.93.
In 1938, following this method, actual sales were figured at 83.34 per cent of actual sales for 1939, which percentage figure when applied to the 1939 theoretical profit resulted in a claim of a theoretical profit for 1938 of $ 29,145.13.
Petitioner in determining its theoretical net profit for 1939 did not take into account the fact that its cafeteria at 1550 Woodward Avenue had just opened, nor whether December was a normal business month in downtown Detroit. Petitioner in reconstructing its base period income did not take into account any business index; it used the figures shown on its books without any change. Petitioner did not take into account what might have happened to the cafeteria business in Detroit if petitioner had been doing a gross business necessary to produce the theoretical net profit which it claims in the base period years. Nor did petitioner take into account substantially increased advertising expenditures made by it at the time the lease *650 was entered into for the premises and petitioner opened for business at 1550 Woodward Avenue.
*67 Officers' salaries deducted on petitioner's books for December 1939 totaled $ 375. For November, October, and September, 1939, officers' salaries were charged on petitioner's books in the amounts of $ 700, $ 1,500, and $ 2,000, respectively. For the whole year 1939 officers' salaries were deducted on petitioner's Federal income and excess profits tax return in the amount of $ 11,075. There is no showing as to why officers' salaries for December 1939 amounted to only $ 375 and substantially varied from the other months.
Petitioner paid rent of approximately $ 2,000 a month, less approximately $ 350 rent income from stores under the September 1939 lease entered into for the premises at 1550 Woodward Avenue. The basic rent for the premises increased when the business reached more than $ 83,000 a year. In 1940 petitioner paid rent in the net amount of $ 19,785. It deducted rent on its books for the month of December 1939 of $ 500 in computing its profit for that month. There is no showing why the amount of rent deducted by petitioner amounted to only $ 500 in December 1939.
An inventory adjustment was made in December 1939 in the amount of $ 888.61, which was an additional item*68 of income. A similar adjustment was made in November 1939 in the amount of $ 716.63. No other similar inventory adjustment was made during 1939. No showing is made as to why this inventory adjustment was made in December 1939.
In November 1939 liquor costs are shown on petitioner's books as $ 735.63 and beer costs are shown as $ 63.20. In December 1939 liquor costs are shown on petitioner's books as $ 186.02 and beer costs as $ 38.05. No showing is made for the variance in the cost of liquor and beer between November and December, 1939.
Petitioner, in determining its theoretical net profit for 1939, did not take into account that the month of December included unusual items of officers' salaries, rent, inventory adjustment, and liquor and beer costs.
The facts presented to the Court by petitioner at the hearing of the case at bar to establish its constructive base period net income were not set forth in its applications for relief on Form 991, nor in its claims for refund on Form 843 for the years 1943 and 1944.
Petitioner has not established what would be a fair and just amount representing normal earnings to be used as the constructive average base period net income and it *69 is not established that its excess profits tax without the use of
*651 OPINION.
If we disregard respondent's contentions that petitioner's claims for refund and relief under
*70 The computation relied upon assumes that December 1939 profits furnish a typical average for petitioner's increased capacity, and that they can be projected back for reconstruction purposes. Granting this for the moment, it becomes necessary to determine what those profits actually were. Petitioner's book figures are the starting point. They are said to result in a net income for the month of December amounting to $ 2,914.28, which is then multiplied by 12 and adjusted for other years.
But, as our findings show, expenses for December are understated or income overstated in four unexplained respects if the theory of an average month of expanded operations is adhered to. "Management salaries" were understated by $ 580 (the difference between the book figure of $ 375 and one-twelfth of the annual total of $ 11,458); rent by $ 1,150 representing the excess of the new monthly rental, a net of $ 1,650, over the book deductions of $ 500; and liquor and beer costs by about $ 575, taking the preceding month as a guide. In addition an "inventory adjustment" increased the gross income for December by $ 888.61 when the total for the year was only about $ 1,600, one-twelfth of which would*71 be about $ 133, an apparent overstatement of $ 755 or thereabouts.
These items total over $ 3,000, or more than enough to convert petitioner's apparent December profit into a slight loss -- a result easily reconciled with the first month of operation in new quarters. But bearing in mind the admonition of
The denial of petitioner's claim for relief under
*. Not identified.↩
1. Dismissal of the proceeding, if appropriate under the